The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China

National parks provide a considerable number of co-benefits to society, including the balance of ecosystems, conservation of heritage values, and tourism. However, studies on zoning approaches for the management of national parks are lacking. The landscape characterization approach is a holistic met...
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Autor*in:	Ye Zhao [verfasserIn] Xinyi Huang [verfasserIn] Yijun Zhao [verfasserIn] Xinyu Liu [verfasserIn] Ranjiamian Zhou [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Landscape character classification Zoning management K-means clustering algorithm Laoshan national park Landscape conservation strategies Mountainous protected areas

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Heliyon - Elsevier, 2016, 9(2023), 3, Seite e13996-
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2023 ; number:3 ; pages:e13996-

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ088392570

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245	1	4	\|a The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China
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520			\|a National parks provide a considerable number of co-benefits to society, including the balance of ecosystems, conservation of heritage values, and tourism. However, studies on zoning approaches for the management of national parks are lacking. The landscape characterization approach is a holistic method for identifying regional landscapes and helps improve zoning management, thus promoting sustainable planning. Here, we propose a landscape character classification (LCC) approach for national parks by integrating a k-means clustering algorithm and geographic information system (GIS). We used Laoshan National Park (LNP) as a case study and aimed to (1) quantify the major landscape factors (altitude, topography relief, soil type, and heritage impact intensity) that influence the landscape classification of mountainous protected areas; (2) create a map of landscape character types and areas to guide a zoning boundary; and (3) further examine how decision makers assign different conservation strategies to each landscape character area. Our results indicate that different landscape character areas reflect distinct ecological environments and heritage values and that differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impact of natural disasters and human activities. Our study suggests that national parks require scientific landscape character zoning, rational descriptions of landscape character types, and targeted management measures to achieve the dual objectives of zoning and landscape conservation.
650		4	\|a Landscape character classification
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650		4	\|a Laoshan national park
650		4	\|a Landscape conservation strategies
650		4	\|a Mountainous protected areas
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700	0		\|a Xinyu Liu \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Ranjiamian Zhou \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
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spelling	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996 doi (DE-627)DOAJ088392570 (DE-599)DOAJ2244bfda1cf44b30957b4fac3aae6c03 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Q1-390 H1-99 Ye Zhao verfasserin aut The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier National parks provide a considerable number of co-benefits to society, including the balance of ecosystems, conservation of heritage values, and tourism. However, studies on zoning approaches for the management of national parks are lacking. The landscape characterization approach is a holistic method for identifying regional landscapes and helps improve zoning management, thus promoting sustainable planning. Here, we propose a landscape character classification (LCC) approach for national parks by integrating a k-means clustering algorithm and geographic information system (GIS). We used Laoshan National Park (LNP) as a case study and aimed to (1) quantify the major landscape factors (altitude, topography relief, soil type, and heritage impact intensity) that influence the landscape classification of mountainous protected areas; (2) create a map of landscape character types and areas to guide a zoning boundary; and (3) further examine how decision makers assign different conservation strategies to each landscape character area. Our results indicate that different landscape character areas reflect distinct ecological environments and heritage values and that differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impact of natural disasters and human activities. Our study suggests that national parks require scientific landscape character zoning, rational descriptions of landscape character types, and targeted management measures to achieve the dual objectives of zoning and landscape conservation. Landscape character classification Zoning management K-means clustering algorithm Laoshan national park Landscape conservation strategies Mountainous protected areas Science (General) Social sciences (General) Xinyi Huang verfasserin aut Yijun Zhao verfasserin aut Xinyu Liu verfasserin aut Ranjiamian Zhou verfasserin aut In Heliyon Elsevier, 2016 9(2023), 3, Seite e13996- (DE-627)835893197 (DE-600)2835763-2 24058440 nnns volume:9 year:2023 number:3 pages:e13996- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2244bfda1cf44b30957b4fac3aae6c03 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023012033 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2023 3 e13996-
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996 doi (DE-627)DOAJ088392570 (DE-599)DOAJ2244bfda1cf44b30957b4fac3aae6c03 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Q1-390 H1-99 Ye Zhao verfasserin aut The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier National parks provide a considerable number of co-benefits to society, including the balance of ecosystems, conservation of heritage values, and tourism. However, studies on zoning approaches for the management of national parks are lacking. The landscape characterization approach is a holistic method for identifying regional landscapes and helps improve zoning management, thus promoting sustainable planning. Here, we propose a landscape character classification (LCC) approach for national parks by integrating a k-means clustering algorithm and geographic information system (GIS). We used Laoshan National Park (LNP) as a case study and aimed to (1) quantify the major landscape factors (altitude, topography relief, soil type, and heritage impact intensity) that influence the landscape classification of mountainous protected areas; (2) create a map of landscape character types and areas to guide a zoning boundary; and (3) further examine how decision makers assign different conservation strategies to each landscape character area. Our results indicate that different landscape character areas reflect distinct ecological environments and heritage values and that differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impact of natural disasters and human activities. Our study suggests that national parks require scientific landscape character zoning, rational descriptions of landscape character types, and targeted management measures to achieve the dual objectives of zoning and landscape conservation. Landscape character classification Zoning management K-means clustering algorithm Laoshan national park Landscape conservation strategies Mountainous protected areas Science (General) Social sciences (General) Xinyi Huang verfasserin aut Yijun Zhao verfasserin aut Xinyu Liu verfasserin aut Ranjiamian Zhou verfasserin aut In Heliyon Elsevier, 2016 9(2023), 3, Seite e13996- (DE-627)835893197 (DE-600)2835763-2 24058440 nnns volume:9 year:2023 number:3 pages:e13996- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2244bfda1cf44b30957b4fac3aae6c03 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023012033 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2023 3 e13996-
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996 doi (DE-627)DOAJ088392570 (DE-599)DOAJ2244bfda1cf44b30957b4fac3aae6c03 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Q1-390 H1-99 Ye Zhao verfasserin aut The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier National parks provide a considerable number of co-benefits to society, including the balance of ecosystems, conservation of heritage values, and tourism. However, studies on zoning approaches for the management of national parks are lacking. The landscape characterization approach is a holistic method for identifying regional landscapes and helps improve zoning management, thus promoting sustainable planning. Here, we propose a landscape character classification (LCC) approach for national parks by integrating a k-means clustering algorithm and geographic information system (GIS). We used Laoshan National Park (LNP) as a case study and aimed to (1) quantify the major landscape factors (altitude, topography relief, soil type, and heritage impact intensity) that influence the landscape classification of mountainous protected areas; (2) create a map of landscape character types and areas to guide a zoning boundary; and (3) further examine how decision makers assign different conservation strategies to each landscape character area. Our results indicate that different landscape character areas reflect distinct ecological environments and heritage values and that differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impact of natural disasters and human activities. Our study suggests that national parks require scientific landscape character zoning, rational descriptions of landscape character types, and targeted management measures to achieve the dual objectives of zoning and landscape conservation. Landscape character classification Zoning management K-means clustering algorithm Laoshan national park Landscape conservation strategies Mountainous protected areas Science (General) Social sciences (General) Xinyi Huang verfasserin aut Yijun Zhao verfasserin aut Xinyu Liu verfasserin aut Ranjiamian Zhou verfasserin aut In Heliyon Elsevier, 2016 9(2023), 3, Seite e13996- (DE-627)835893197 (DE-600)2835763-2 24058440 nnns volume:9 year:2023 number:3 pages:e13996- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2244bfda1cf44b30957b4fac3aae6c03 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023012033 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2023 3 e13996-
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996 doi (DE-627)DOAJ088392570 (DE-599)DOAJ2244bfda1cf44b30957b4fac3aae6c03 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Q1-390 H1-99 Ye Zhao verfasserin aut The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier National parks provide a considerable number of co-benefits to society, including the balance of ecosystems, conservation of heritage values, and tourism. However, studies on zoning approaches for the management of national parks are lacking. The landscape characterization approach is a holistic method for identifying regional landscapes and helps improve zoning management, thus promoting sustainable planning. Here, we propose a landscape character classification (LCC) approach for national parks by integrating a k-means clustering algorithm and geographic information system (GIS). We used Laoshan National Park (LNP) as a case study and aimed to (1) quantify the major landscape factors (altitude, topography relief, soil type, and heritage impact intensity) that influence the landscape classification of mountainous protected areas; (2) create a map of landscape character types and areas to guide a zoning boundary; and (3) further examine how decision makers assign different conservation strategies to each landscape character area. Our results indicate that different landscape character areas reflect distinct ecological environments and heritage values and that differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impact of natural disasters and human activities. Our study suggests that national parks require scientific landscape character zoning, rational descriptions of landscape character types, and targeted management measures to achieve the dual objectives of zoning and landscape conservation. Landscape character classification Zoning management K-means clustering algorithm Laoshan national park Landscape conservation strategies Mountainous protected areas Science (General) Social sciences (General) Xinyi Huang verfasserin aut Yijun Zhao verfasserin aut Xinyu Liu verfasserin aut Ranjiamian Zhou verfasserin aut In Heliyon Elsevier, 2016 9(2023), 3, Seite e13996- (DE-627)835893197 (DE-600)2835763-2 24058440 nnns volume:9 year:2023 number:3 pages:e13996- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2244bfda1cf44b30957b4fac3aae6c03 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023012033 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2023 3 e13996-
language	English
source	In Heliyon 9(2023), 3, Seite e13996- volume:9 year:2023 number:3 pages:e13996-
sourceStr	In Heliyon 9(2023), 3, Seite e13996- volume:9 year:2023 number:3 pages:e13996-
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topic_facet	Landscape character classification Zoning management K-means clustering algorithm Laoshan national park Landscape conservation strategies Mountainous protected areas Science (General) Social sciences (General)
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container_title	Heliyon
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Ye Zhao @@aut@@ Xinyi Huang @@aut@@ Yijun Zhao @@aut@@ Xinyu Liu @@aut@@ Ranjiamian Zhou @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
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language_de	englisch
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Ye Zhao
spellingShingle	Ye Zhao misc Q1-390 misc H1-99 misc Landscape character classification misc Zoning management misc K-means clustering algorithm misc Laoshan national park misc Landscape conservation strategies misc Mountainous protected areas misc Science (General) misc Social sciences (General) The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China
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topic_title	Q1-390 H1-99 The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China Landscape character classification Zoning management K-means clustering algorithm Laoshan national park Landscape conservation strategies Mountainous protected areas
topic	misc Q1-390 misc H1-99 misc Landscape character classification misc Zoning management misc K-means clustering algorithm misc Laoshan national park misc Landscape conservation strategies misc Mountainous protected areas misc Science (General) misc Social sciences (General)
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title	The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China
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title_full	The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China
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author_browse	Ye Zhao Xinyi Huang Yijun Zhao Xinyu Liu Ranjiamian Zhou
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title_sort	application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – a case study of laoshan national park, china
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title_auth	The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China
abstract	National parks provide a considerable number of co-benefits to society, including the balance of ecosystems, conservation of heritage values, and tourism. However, studies on zoning approaches for the management of national parks are lacking. The landscape characterization approach is a holistic method for identifying regional landscapes and helps improve zoning management, thus promoting sustainable planning. Here, we propose a landscape character classification (LCC) approach for national parks by integrating a k-means clustering algorithm and geographic information system (GIS). We used Laoshan National Park (LNP) as a case study and aimed to (1) quantify the major landscape factors (altitude, topography relief, soil type, and heritage impact intensity) that influence the landscape classification of mountainous protected areas; (2) create a map of landscape character types and areas to guide a zoning boundary; and (3) further examine how decision makers assign different conservation strategies to each landscape character area. Our results indicate that different landscape character areas reflect distinct ecological environments and heritage values and that differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impact of natural disasters and human activities. Our study suggests that national parks require scientific landscape character zoning, rational descriptions of landscape character types, and targeted management measures to achieve the dual objectives of zoning and landscape conservation.
abstractGer	National parks provide a considerable number of co-benefits to society, including the balance of ecosystems, conservation of heritage values, and tourism. However, studies on zoning approaches for the management of national parks are lacking. The landscape characterization approach is a holistic method for identifying regional landscapes and helps improve zoning management, thus promoting sustainable planning. Here, we propose a landscape character classification (LCC) approach for national parks by integrating a k-means clustering algorithm and geographic information system (GIS). We used Laoshan National Park (LNP) as a case study and aimed to (1) quantify the major landscape factors (altitude, topography relief, soil type, and heritage impact intensity) that influence the landscape classification of mountainous protected areas; (2) create a map of landscape character types and areas to guide a zoning boundary; and (3) further examine how decision makers assign different conservation strategies to each landscape character area. Our results indicate that different landscape character areas reflect distinct ecological environments and heritage values and that differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impact of natural disasters and human activities. Our study suggests that national parks require scientific landscape character zoning, rational descriptions of landscape character types, and targeted management measures to achieve the dual objectives of zoning and landscape conservation.
abstract_unstemmed	National parks provide a considerable number of co-benefits to society, including the balance of ecosystems, conservation of heritage values, and tourism. However, studies on zoning approaches for the management of national parks are lacking. The landscape characterization approach is a holistic method for identifying regional landscapes and helps improve zoning management, thus promoting sustainable planning. Here, we propose a landscape character classification (LCC) approach for national parks by integrating a k-means clustering algorithm and geographic information system (GIS). We used Laoshan National Park (LNP) as a case study and aimed to (1) quantify the major landscape factors (altitude, topography relief, soil type, and heritage impact intensity) that influence the landscape classification of mountainous protected areas; (2) create a map of landscape character types and areas to guide a zoning boundary; and (3) further examine how decision makers assign different conservation strategies to each landscape character area. Our results indicate that different landscape character areas reflect distinct ecological environments and heritage values and that differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impact of natural disasters and human activities. Our study suggests that national parks require scientific landscape character zoning, rational descriptions of landscape character types, and targeted management measures to achieve the dual objectives of zoning and landscape conservation.
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title_short	The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China
url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996 https://doaj.org/article/2244bfda1cf44b30957b4fac3aae6c03 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023012033 https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440
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Our results indicate that different landscape character areas reflect distinct ecological environments and heritage values and that differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impact of natural disasters and human activities. 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The application of landscape character classification for spatial zoning management in mountainous protected areas – A case study of Laoshan national park, China

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