NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926

The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new f...
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Autor*in:	Ryan W. Pfeifle [verfasserIn] Shobita Satyapal [verfasserIn] Claudio Ricci [verfasserIn] Nathan J. Secrest [verfasserIn] Mario Gliozzi [verfasserIn] Thomas Bohn [verfasserIn] Gabriela Canalizo [verfasserIn] Michael A. Reefe [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: The Astrophysical Journal - IOP Publishing, 2022, 943(2023), 2, p 109
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:943 ; year:2023 ; number:2, p 109

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ089167635

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allfields	10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff doi (DE-627)DOAJ089167635 (DE-599)DOAJed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QB460-466 Ryan W. Pfeifle verfasserin aut NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne v ] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10 ^−14 and <9.40 × 10 ^−14 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log( N _H /cm ^2 ) < 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne v ] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured. Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei Astrophysics Shobita Satyapal verfasserin aut Claudio Ricci verfasserin aut Nathan J. Secrest verfasserin aut Mario Gliozzi verfasserin aut Thomas Bohn verfasserin aut Gabriela Canalizo verfasserin aut Michael A. Reefe verfasserin aut In The Astrophysical Journal IOP Publishing, 2022 943(2023), 2, p 109 (DE-627)269019219 (DE-600)1473835-1 15384357 nnns volume:943 year:2023 number:2, p 109 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1538-4357 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 943 2023 2, p 109
spelling	10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff doi (DE-627)DOAJ089167635 (DE-599)DOAJed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QB460-466 Ryan W. Pfeifle verfasserin aut NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne v ] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10 ^−14 and <9.40 × 10 ^−14 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log( N _H /cm ^2 ) < 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne v ] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured. Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei Astrophysics Shobita Satyapal verfasserin aut Claudio Ricci verfasserin aut Nathan J. Secrest verfasserin aut Mario Gliozzi verfasserin aut Thomas Bohn verfasserin aut Gabriela Canalizo verfasserin aut Michael A. Reefe verfasserin aut In The Astrophysical Journal IOP Publishing, 2022 943(2023), 2, p 109 (DE-627)269019219 (DE-600)1473835-1 15384357 nnns volume:943 year:2023 number:2, p 109 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1538-4357 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 943 2023 2, p 109
allfields_unstemmed	10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff doi (DE-627)DOAJ089167635 (DE-599)DOAJed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QB460-466 Ryan W. Pfeifle verfasserin aut NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne v ] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10 ^−14 and <9.40 × 10 ^−14 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log( N _H /cm ^2 ) < 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne v ] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured. Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei Astrophysics Shobita Satyapal verfasserin aut Claudio Ricci verfasserin aut Nathan J. Secrest verfasserin aut Mario Gliozzi verfasserin aut Thomas Bohn verfasserin aut Gabriela Canalizo verfasserin aut Michael A. Reefe verfasserin aut In The Astrophysical Journal IOP Publishing, 2022 943(2023), 2, p 109 (DE-627)269019219 (DE-600)1473835-1 15384357 nnns volume:943 year:2023 number:2, p 109 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1538-4357 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 943 2023 2, p 109
allfieldsGer	10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff doi (DE-627)DOAJ089167635 (DE-599)DOAJed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QB460-466 Ryan W. Pfeifle verfasserin aut NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne v ] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10 ^−14 and <9.40 × 10 ^−14 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log( N _H /cm ^2 ) < 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne v ] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured. Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei Astrophysics Shobita Satyapal verfasserin aut Claudio Ricci verfasserin aut Nathan J. Secrest verfasserin aut Mario Gliozzi verfasserin aut Thomas Bohn verfasserin aut Gabriela Canalizo verfasserin aut Michael A. Reefe verfasserin aut In The Astrophysical Journal IOP Publishing, 2022 943(2023), 2, p 109 (DE-627)269019219 (DE-600)1473835-1 15384357 nnns volume:943 year:2023 number:2, p 109 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1538-4357 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 943 2023 2, p 109
allfieldsSound	10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff doi (DE-627)DOAJ089167635 (DE-599)DOAJed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QB460-466 Ryan W. Pfeifle verfasserin aut NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne v ] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10 ^−14 and <9.40 × 10 ^−14 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log( N _H /cm ^2 ) < 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne v ] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured. Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei Astrophysics Shobita Satyapal verfasserin aut Claudio Ricci verfasserin aut Nathan J. Secrest verfasserin aut Mario Gliozzi verfasserin aut Thomas Bohn verfasserin aut Gabriela Canalizo verfasserin aut Michael A. Reefe verfasserin aut In The Astrophysical Journal IOP Publishing, 2022 943(2023), 2, p 109 (DE-627)269019219 (DE-600)1473835-1 15384357 nnns volume:943 year:2023 number:2, p 109 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1538-4357 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 943 2023 2, p 109
language	English
source	In The Astrophysical Journal 943(2023), 2, p 109 volume:943 year:2023 number:2, p 109
sourceStr	In The Astrophysical Journal 943(2023), 2, p 109 volume:943 year:2023 number:2, p 109
format_phy_str_mv	Article
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topic_facet	Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei Astrophysics
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container_title	The Astrophysical Journal
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Ryan W. Pfeifle @@aut@@ Shobita Satyapal @@aut@@ Claudio Ricci @@aut@@ Nathan J. Secrest @@aut@@ Mario Gliozzi @@aut@@ Thomas Bohn @@aut@@ Gabriela Canalizo @@aut@@ Michael A. Reefe @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
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topic_title	QB460-466 NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926 Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei
topic	misc QB460-466 misc Active galactic nuclei misc AGN host galaxies misc Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei misc Astrophysics
topic_unstemmed	misc QB460-466 misc Active galactic nuclei misc AGN host galaxies misc Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei misc Astrophysics
topic_browse	misc QB460-466 misc Active galactic nuclei misc AGN host galaxies misc Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei misc Astrophysics
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title	NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ089167635 (DE-599)DOAJed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de
title_full	NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926
author_sort	Ryan W. Pfeifle
journal	The Astrophysical Journal
journalStr	The Astrophysical Journal
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lang_code	eng
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publishDateSort	2023
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author_browse	Ryan W. Pfeifle Shobita Satyapal Claudio Ricci Nathan J. Secrest Mario Gliozzi Thomas Bohn Gabriela Canalizo Michael A. Reefe
container_volume	943
class	QB460-466
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Ryan W. Pfeifle
doi_str_mv	10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	nustar observes two bulgeless galaxies: no hard x-ray agn detected in ngc 4178 or j0851+3926
callnumber	QB460-466
title_auth	NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926
abstract	The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne v ] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10 ^−14 and <9.40 × 10 ^−14 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log( N _H /cm ^2 ) < 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne v ] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured.
abstractGer	The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne v ] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10 ^−14 and <9.40 × 10 ^−14 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log( N _H /cm ^2 ) < 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne v ] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured.
abstract_unstemmed	The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne v ] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10 ^−14 and <9.40 × 10 ^−14 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log( N _H /cm ^2 ) < 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne v ] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured.
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container_issue	2, p 109
title_short	NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926
url	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff https://doaj.org/article/ed261e8ad5a64b9e9e5db6a4d53684de https://doaj.org/toc/1538-4357
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author2	Shobita Satyapal Claudio Ricci Nathan J. Secrest Mario Gliozzi Thomas Bohn Gabriela Canalizo Michael A. Reefe
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up_date	2024-07-03T21:39:13.543Z
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