One thousand soils for molecular understanding of belowground carbon cycling
While significant progress has been made in understanding global carbon (C) cycling, the mechanisms regulating belowground C fluxes and storage are still uncertain. New molecular technologies have the power to elucidate these processes, yet we have no widespread standardized implementation of molecu...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Maggie M. Bowman [verfasserIn] Alexis E. Heath [verfasserIn] Tamas Varga [verfasserIn] Anil K. Battu [verfasserIn] Rosalie K. Chu [verfasserIn] Jason Toyoda [verfasserIn] Tanya E. Cheeke [verfasserIn] Stephanie S. Porter [verfasserIn] Kevan B. Moffett [verfasserIn] Brittany LeTendre [verfasserIn] Odeta Qafoku [verfasserIn] John R. Bargar [verfasserIn] Douglas M. Mans [verfasserIn] Nancy J. Hess [verfasserIn] Emily B. Graham [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
X-ray computed tomography (XCT) |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Frontiers in Soil Science - Frontiers Media S.A., 2021, 3(2023) |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:3 ; year:2023 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ089301544 |
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| 520 | |a While significant progress has been made in understanding global carbon (C) cycling, the mechanisms regulating belowground C fluxes and storage are still uncertain. New molecular technologies have the power to elucidate these processes, yet we have no widespread standardized implementation of molecular techniques. To address this gap, we introduce the Molecular Observation Network (MONet), a decadal vision from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), to develop a national network for understanding the molecular composition, physical structure, and hydraulic and biological properties of soil and water. These data are essential for advancing the next generation of multiscale Earth systems models. In this paper, we discuss the 1000 Soils Pilot for MONet, including a description of standardized sampling materials and protocols and a use case to highlight the utility of molecular-level and microstructural measurements for assessing the impacts of wildfire on soil. While the 1000 Soils Pilot generated a plethora of data, we focus on assessments of soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry and microstructural properties via X-ray computed tomography to highlight the effects of recent fire history in forested ecosystems on belowground C cycling. We observed decreases in soil respiration, microbial biomass, and potential enzyme activity in soils with high frequency burns. Additionally, the nominal oxidation state of carbon in SOM increased with burn frequency in surface soils. This results in a quantifiable shift in the molecular signature of SOM and shows that wildfire may result in oxidation of SOM and structural changes to soil pore networks that persist into deeper soils. | ||
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10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 doi (DE-627)DOAJ089301544 (DE-599)DOAJce03de1e5d144a54b282bf6ec68b2276 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD1-999 TA703-712 Maggie M. Bowman verfasserin aut One thousand soils for molecular understanding of belowground carbon cycling 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier While significant progress has been made in understanding global carbon (C) cycling, the mechanisms regulating belowground C fluxes and storage are still uncertain. New molecular technologies have the power to elucidate these processes, yet we have no widespread standardized implementation of molecular techniques. To address this gap, we introduce the Molecular Observation Network (MONet), a decadal vision from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), to develop a national network for understanding the molecular composition, physical structure, and hydraulic and biological properties of soil and water. These data are essential for advancing the next generation of multiscale Earth systems models. In this paper, we discuss the 1000 Soils Pilot for MONet, including a description of standardized sampling materials and protocols and a use case to highlight the utility of molecular-level and microstructural measurements for assessing the impacts of wildfire on soil. While the 1000 Soils Pilot generated a plethora of data, we focus on assessments of soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry and microstructural properties via X-ray computed tomography to highlight the effects of recent fire history in forested ecosystems on belowground C cycling. We observed decreases in soil respiration, microbial biomass, and potential enzyme activity in soils with high frequency burns. Additionally, the nominal oxidation state of carbon in SOM increased with burn frequency in surface soils. This results in a quantifiable shift in the molecular signature of SOM and shows that wildfire may result in oxidation of SOM and structural changes to soil pore networks that persist into deeper soils. soil organic matter X-ray computed tomography (XCT) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry FTICR-MS open science molecular observation network (MONet) Chemistry Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction Alexis E. Heath verfasserin aut Tamas Varga verfasserin aut Anil K. Battu verfasserin aut Rosalie K. Chu verfasserin aut Jason Toyoda verfasserin aut Tanya E. Cheeke verfasserin aut Stephanie S. Porter verfasserin aut Kevan B. Moffett verfasserin aut Brittany LeTendre verfasserin aut Odeta Qafoku verfasserin aut John R. Bargar verfasserin aut Douglas M. Mans verfasserin aut Nancy J. Hess verfasserin aut Emily B. Graham verfasserin aut Emily B. Graham verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Soil Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2021 3(2023) (DE-627)1776322959 (DE-600)3099984-4 26738619 nnns volume:3 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ce03de1e5d144a54b282bf6ec68b2276 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2673-8619 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2023 |
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10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 doi (DE-627)DOAJ089301544 (DE-599)DOAJce03de1e5d144a54b282bf6ec68b2276 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD1-999 TA703-712 Maggie M. Bowman verfasserin aut One thousand soils for molecular understanding of belowground carbon cycling 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier While significant progress has been made in understanding global carbon (C) cycling, the mechanisms regulating belowground C fluxes and storage are still uncertain. New molecular technologies have the power to elucidate these processes, yet we have no widespread standardized implementation of molecular techniques. To address this gap, we introduce the Molecular Observation Network (MONet), a decadal vision from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), to develop a national network for understanding the molecular composition, physical structure, and hydraulic and biological properties of soil and water. These data are essential for advancing the next generation of multiscale Earth systems models. In this paper, we discuss the 1000 Soils Pilot for MONet, including a description of standardized sampling materials and protocols and a use case to highlight the utility of molecular-level and microstructural measurements for assessing the impacts of wildfire on soil. While the 1000 Soils Pilot generated a plethora of data, we focus on assessments of soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry and microstructural properties via X-ray computed tomography to highlight the effects of recent fire history in forested ecosystems on belowground C cycling. We observed decreases in soil respiration, microbial biomass, and potential enzyme activity in soils with high frequency burns. Additionally, the nominal oxidation state of carbon in SOM increased with burn frequency in surface soils. This results in a quantifiable shift in the molecular signature of SOM and shows that wildfire may result in oxidation of SOM and structural changes to soil pore networks that persist into deeper soils. soil organic matter X-ray computed tomography (XCT) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry FTICR-MS open science molecular observation network (MONet) Chemistry Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction Alexis E. Heath verfasserin aut Tamas Varga verfasserin aut Anil K. Battu verfasserin aut Rosalie K. Chu verfasserin aut Jason Toyoda verfasserin aut Tanya E. Cheeke verfasserin aut Stephanie S. Porter verfasserin aut Kevan B. Moffett verfasserin aut Brittany LeTendre verfasserin aut Odeta Qafoku verfasserin aut John R. Bargar verfasserin aut Douglas M. Mans verfasserin aut Nancy J. Hess verfasserin aut Emily B. Graham verfasserin aut Emily B. Graham verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Soil Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2021 3(2023) (DE-627)1776322959 (DE-600)3099984-4 26738619 nnns volume:3 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ce03de1e5d144a54b282bf6ec68b2276 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2673-8619 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2023 |
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10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 doi (DE-627)DOAJ089301544 (DE-599)DOAJce03de1e5d144a54b282bf6ec68b2276 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD1-999 TA703-712 Maggie M. Bowman verfasserin aut One thousand soils for molecular understanding of belowground carbon cycling 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier While significant progress has been made in understanding global carbon (C) cycling, the mechanisms regulating belowground C fluxes and storage are still uncertain. New molecular technologies have the power to elucidate these processes, yet we have no widespread standardized implementation of molecular techniques. To address this gap, we introduce the Molecular Observation Network (MONet), a decadal vision from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), to develop a national network for understanding the molecular composition, physical structure, and hydraulic and biological properties of soil and water. These data are essential for advancing the next generation of multiscale Earth systems models. In this paper, we discuss the 1000 Soils Pilot for MONet, including a description of standardized sampling materials and protocols and a use case to highlight the utility of molecular-level and microstructural measurements for assessing the impacts of wildfire on soil. While the 1000 Soils Pilot generated a plethora of data, we focus on assessments of soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry and microstructural properties via X-ray computed tomography to highlight the effects of recent fire history in forested ecosystems on belowground C cycling. We observed decreases in soil respiration, microbial biomass, and potential enzyme activity in soils with high frequency burns. Additionally, the nominal oxidation state of carbon in SOM increased with burn frequency in surface soils. This results in a quantifiable shift in the molecular signature of SOM and shows that wildfire may result in oxidation of SOM and structural changes to soil pore networks that persist into deeper soils. soil organic matter X-ray computed tomography (XCT) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry FTICR-MS open science molecular observation network (MONet) Chemistry Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction Alexis E. Heath verfasserin aut Tamas Varga verfasserin aut Anil K. Battu verfasserin aut Rosalie K. Chu verfasserin aut Jason Toyoda verfasserin aut Tanya E. Cheeke verfasserin aut Stephanie S. Porter verfasserin aut Kevan B. Moffett verfasserin aut Brittany LeTendre verfasserin aut Odeta Qafoku verfasserin aut John R. Bargar verfasserin aut Douglas M. Mans verfasserin aut Nancy J. Hess verfasserin aut Emily B. Graham verfasserin aut Emily B. Graham verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Soil Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2021 3(2023) (DE-627)1776322959 (DE-600)3099984-4 26738619 nnns volume:3 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ce03de1e5d144a54b282bf6ec68b2276 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2673-8619 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2023 |
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10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 doi (DE-627)DOAJ089301544 (DE-599)DOAJce03de1e5d144a54b282bf6ec68b2276 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD1-999 TA703-712 Maggie M. Bowman verfasserin aut One thousand soils for molecular understanding of belowground carbon cycling 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier While significant progress has been made in understanding global carbon (C) cycling, the mechanisms regulating belowground C fluxes and storage are still uncertain. New molecular technologies have the power to elucidate these processes, yet we have no widespread standardized implementation of molecular techniques. To address this gap, we introduce the Molecular Observation Network (MONet), a decadal vision from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), to develop a national network for understanding the molecular composition, physical structure, and hydraulic and biological properties of soil and water. These data are essential for advancing the next generation of multiscale Earth systems models. In this paper, we discuss the 1000 Soils Pilot for MONet, including a description of standardized sampling materials and protocols and a use case to highlight the utility of molecular-level and microstructural measurements for assessing the impacts of wildfire on soil. While the 1000 Soils Pilot generated a plethora of data, we focus on assessments of soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry and microstructural properties via X-ray computed tomography to highlight the effects of recent fire history in forested ecosystems on belowground C cycling. We observed decreases in soil respiration, microbial biomass, and potential enzyme activity in soils with high frequency burns. Additionally, the nominal oxidation state of carbon in SOM increased with burn frequency in surface soils. This results in a quantifiable shift in the molecular signature of SOM and shows that wildfire may result in oxidation of SOM and structural changes to soil pore networks that persist into deeper soils. soil organic matter X-ray computed tomography (XCT) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry FTICR-MS open science molecular observation network (MONet) Chemistry Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction Alexis E. Heath verfasserin aut Tamas Varga verfasserin aut Anil K. Battu verfasserin aut Rosalie K. Chu verfasserin aut Jason Toyoda verfasserin aut Tanya E. Cheeke verfasserin aut Stephanie S. Porter verfasserin aut Kevan B. Moffett verfasserin aut Brittany LeTendre verfasserin aut Odeta Qafoku verfasserin aut John R. Bargar verfasserin aut Douglas M. Mans verfasserin aut Nancy J. Hess verfasserin aut Emily B. Graham verfasserin aut Emily B. Graham verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Soil Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2021 3(2023) (DE-627)1776322959 (DE-600)3099984-4 26738619 nnns volume:3 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ce03de1e5d144a54b282bf6ec68b2276 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2673-8619 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2023 |
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One thousand soils for molecular understanding of belowground carbon cycling |
| abstract |
While significant progress has been made in understanding global carbon (C) cycling, the mechanisms regulating belowground C fluxes and storage are still uncertain. New molecular technologies have the power to elucidate these processes, yet we have no widespread standardized implementation of molecular techniques. To address this gap, we introduce the Molecular Observation Network (MONet), a decadal vision from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), to develop a national network for understanding the molecular composition, physical structure, and hydraulic and biological properties of soil and water. These data are essential for advancing the next generation of multiscale Earth systems models. In this paper, we discuss the 1000 Soils Pilot for MONet, including a description of standardized sampling materials and protocols and a use case to highlight the utility of molecular-level and microstructural measurements for assessing the impacts of wildfire on soil. While the 1000 Soils Pilot generated a plethora of data, we focus on assessments of soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry and microstructural properties via X-ray computed tomography to highlight the effects of recent fire history in forested ecosystems on belowground C cycling. We observed decreases in soil respiration, microbial biomass, and potential enzyme activity in soils with high frequency burns. Additionally, the nominal oxidation state of carbon in SOM increased with burn frequency in surface soils. This results in a quantifiable shift in the molecular signature of SOM and shows that wildfire may result in oxidation of SOM and structural changes to soil pore networks that persist into deeper soils. |
| abstractGer |
While significant progress has been made in understanding global carbon (C) cycling, the mechanisms regulating belowground C fluxes and storage are still uncertain. New molecular technologies have the power to elucidate these processes, yet we have no widespread standardized implementation of molecular techniques. To address this gap, we introduce the Molecular Observation Network (MONet), a decadal vision from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), to develop a national network for understanding the molecular composition, physical structure, and hydraulic and biological properties of soil and water. These data are essential for advancing the next generation of multiscale Earth systems models. In this paper, we discuss the 1000 Soils Pilot for MONet, including a description of standardized sampling materials and protocols and a use case to highlight the utility of molecular-level and microstructural measurements for assessing the impacts of wildfire on soil. While the 1000 Soils Pilot generated a plethora of data, we focus on assessments of soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry and microstructural properties via X-ray computed tomography to highlight the effects of recent fire history in forested ecosystems on belowground C cycling. We observed decreases in soil respiration, microbial biomass, and potential enzyme activity in soils with high frequency burns. Additionally, the nominal oxidation state of carbon in SOM increased with burn frequency in surface soils. This results in a quantifiable shift in the molecular signature of SOM and shows that wildfire may result in oxidation of SOM and structural changes to soil pore networks that persist into deeper soils. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
While significant progress has been made in understanding global carbon (C) cycling, the mechanisms regulating belowground C fluxes and storage are still uncertain. New molecular technologies have the power to elucidate these processes, yet we have no widespread standardized implementation of molecular techniques. To address this gap, we introduce the Molecular Observation Network (MONet), a decadal vision from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), to develop a national network for understanding the molecular composition, physical structure, and hydraulic and biological properties of soil and water. These data are essential for advancing the next generation of multiscale Earth systems models. In this paper, we discuss the 1000 Soils Pilot for MONet, including a description of standardized sampling materials and protocols and a use case to highlight the utility of molecular-level and microstructural measurements for assessing the impacts of wildfire on soil. While the 1000 Soils Pilot generated a plethora of data, we focus on assessments of soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry and microstructural properties via X-ray computed tomography to highlight the effects of recent fire history in forested ecosystems on belowground C cycling. We observed decreases in soil respiration, microbial biomass, and potential enzyme activity in soils with high frequency burns. Additionally, the nominal oxidation state of carbon in SOM increased with burn frequency in surface soils. This results in a quantifiable shift in the molecular signature of SOM and shows that wildfire may result in oxidation of SOM and structural changes to soil pore networks that persist into deeper soils. |
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| title_short |
One thousand soils for molecular understanding of belowground carbon cycling |
| url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 https://doaj.org/article/ce03de1e5d144a54b282bf6ec68b2276 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425/full https://doaj.org/toc/2673-8619 |
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| author2 |
Alexis E. Heath Tamas Varga Anil K. Battu Rosalie K. Chu Jason Toyoda Tanya E. Cheeke Stephanie S. Porter Kevan B. Moffett Brittany LeTendre Odeta Qafoku John R. Bargar Douglas M. Mans Nancy J. Hess Emily B. Graham |
| author2Str |
Alexis E. Heath Tamas Varga Anil K. Battu Rosalie K. Chu Jason Toyoda Tanya E. Cheeke Stephanie S. Porter Kevan B. Moffett Brittany LeTendre Odeta Qafoku John R. Bargar Douglas M. Mans Nancy J. Hess Emily B. Graham |
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QD - Chemistry |
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| doi_str |
10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425 |
| callnumber-a |
QD1-999 |
| up_date |
2024-07-03T22:21:42.179Z |
| _version_ |
1803598222784987136 |
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