Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions

Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< combined with <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Jiankun Ge [verfasserIn] Huanhuan Liu [verfasserIn] Xuewen Gong [verfasserIn] Zihui Yu [verfasserIn] Lusheng Li [verfasserIn] Yanbin Li [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	greenhouse tomato irrigation NRLD distribution model yield ventilation

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Plants - MDPI AG, 2013, 12(2023), 8, p 1625
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2023 ; number:8, p 1625

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/plants12081625

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ089787773

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520			\|a Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< combined with <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<.
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allfields	10.3390/plants12081625 doi (DE-627)DOAJ089787773 (DE-599)DOAJ5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK1-989 Jiankun Ge verfasserin aut Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< combined with <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<. greenhouse tomato irrigation NRLD distribution model yield ventilation Botany Huanhuan Liu verfasserin aut Xuewen Gong verfasserin aut Zihui Yu verfasserin aut Lusheng Li verfasserin aut Yanbin Li verfasserin aut In Plants MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 8, p 1625 (DE-627)737288345 (DE-600)2704341-1 22237747 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:8, p 1625 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081625 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/8/1625 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 8, p 1625
spelling	10.3390/plants12081625 doi (DE-627)DOAJ089787773 (DE-599)DOAJ5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK1-989 Jiankun Ge verfasserin aut Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< combined with <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<. greenhouse tomato irrigation NRLD distribution model yield ventilation Botany Huanhuan Liu verfasserin aut Xuewen Gong verfasserin aut Zihui Yu verfasserin aut Lusheng Li verfasserin aut Yanbin Li verfasserin aut In Plants MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 8, p 1625 (DE-627)737288345 (DE-600)2704341-1 22237747 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:8, p 1625 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081625 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/8/1625 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 8, p 1625
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/plants12081625 doi (DE-627)DOAJ089787773 (DE-599)DOAJ5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK1-989 Jiankun Ge verfasserin aut Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< combined with <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<. greenhouse tomato irrigation NRLD distribution model yield ventilation Botany Huanhuan Liu verfasserin aut Xuewen Gong verfasserin aut Zihui Yu verfasserin aut Lusheng Li verfasserin aut Yanbin Li verfasserin aut In Plants MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 8, p 1625 (DE-627)737288345 (DE-600)2704341-1 22237747 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:8, p 1625 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081625 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/8/1625 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 8, p 1625
allfieldsGer	10.3390/plants12081625 doi (DE-627)DOAJ089787773 (DE-599)DOAJ5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK1-989 Jiankun Ge verfasserin aut Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< combined with <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<. greenhouse tomato irrigation NRLD distribution model yield ventilation Botany Huanhuan Liu verfasserin aut Xuewen Gong verfasserin aut Zihui Yu verfasserin aut Lusheng Li verfasserin aut Yanbin Li verfasserin aut In Plants MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 8, p 1625 (DE-627)737288345 (DE-600)2704341-1 22237747 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:8, p 1625 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081625 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/8/1625 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 8, p 1625
allfieldsSound	10.3390/plants12081625 doi (DE-627)DOAJ089787773 (DE-599)DOAJ5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK1-989 Jiankun Ge verfasserin aut Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< combined with <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<. greenhouse tomato irrigation NRLD distribution model yield ventilation Botany Huanhuan Liu verfasserin aut Xuewen Gong verfasserin aut Zihui Yu verfasserin aut Lusheng Li verfasserin aut Yanbin Li verfasserin aut In Plants MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 8, p 1625 (DE-627)737288345 (DE-600)2704341-1 22237747 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:8, p 1625 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081625 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/8/1625 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 8, p 1625
language	English
source	In Plants 12(2023), 8, p 1625 volume:12 year:2023 number:8, p 1625
sourceStr	In Plants 12(2023), 8, p 1625 volume:12 year:2023 number:8, p 1625
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	greenhouse tomato irrigation NRLD distribution model yield ventilation Botany
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Plants
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Jiankun Ge @@aut@@ Huanhuan Liu @@aut@@ Xuewen Gong @@aut@@ Zihui Yu @@aut@@ Lusheng Li @@aut@@ Yanbin Li @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	737288345
id	DOAJ089787773
language_de	englisch
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Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. 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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Jiankun Ge
spellingShingle	Jiankun Ge misc QK1-989 misc greenhouse tomato misc irrigation misc NRLD distribution model misc yield misc ventilation misc Botany Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions
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topic_title	QK1-989 Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions greenhouse tomato irrigation NRLD distribution model yield ventilation
topic	misc QK1-989 misc greenhouse tomato misc irrigation misc NRLD distribution model misc yield misc ventilation misc Botany
topic_unstemmed	misc QK1-989 misc greenhouse tomato misc irrigation misc NRLD distribution model misc yield misc ventilation misc Botany
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title	Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ089787773 (DE-599)DOAJ5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38
title_full	Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions
author_sort	Jiankun Ge
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author_browse	Jiankun Ge Huanhuan Liu Xuewen Gong Zihui Yu Lusheng Li Yanbin Li
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format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Jiankun Ge
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title_sort	root distribution of tomato cultivated in greenhouse under different ventilation and water conditions
callnumber	QK1-989
title_auth	Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions
abstract	Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< combined with <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<.
abstractGer	Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< combined with <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<.
abstract_unstemmed	Mastering root distribution is essential for optimizing the root zone environment and for improving water use efficiency, especially for crops cultivated in greenhouses. Here, we set up two irrigation amount levels based on measurements of the cumulative 20 cm pan evaporation (<i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<) (i.e., <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<: 0.9 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<; <i<K</i<<sub<0.5</sub<: 0.5 <i<E<sub<p</sub<</i<), and three ventilation modes through opening the greenhouse vents at different locations (<i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<: open the roof vents only; <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<: open both the roof and south vents; <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i<: open the south vents only) to reveal the effects of the ventilation mode and irrigation amount on the root distribution of greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed in blocks with the ventilation mode as the main treatment and the irrigation amount as the vice treatment. On this basis, the normalized root length density (NRLD) model of six treatments was developed by considering air environment, soil water and temperature conditions, root length density (RLD) and yield. The results showed that air speed of the <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< was significantly higher than <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< (<i<p</i< < 0.01), and the air temperature and relative humidity under different ventilation showed the rule: T<i<<sub<R</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< < <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i<. There was a significant third-order polynomial function relationship between NRLD and soil depth, and the coefficient of the cubic term (<i<R</i<<sub<0</sub<) had a bivariate quadratic polynomial function relationship with irrigation amount and air speed (determination coefficient, <i<R</i<<sup<2</sup< = 0.86). Root mean square errors of the simulated and measured value of NRLD under <i<T<sub<R</sub<</i<, <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< and <i<T<sub<S</sub<</i< were 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 in 2020, and 0.31, 0.23 and 0.28 in 2021, respectively, normalized root mean squared errors were 15%, 17%, 20% in 2020, and 23%, 18% and 21% in 2021. The RLD distribution ratio from the ground surface to a one-quarter relative root depth was 74.1%, and 88.0% from the surface to a one-half relative root depth. The results of the yield showed that a better combination of ventilation and irrigation was recommended as <i<T<sub<RS</sub<</i< combined with <i<K</i<<sub<0.9</sub<.
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container_issue	8, p 1625
title_short	Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081625 https://doaj.org/article/5c33a893fb9f4558af09977500ae1f38 https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/8/1625 https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747
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Root Distribution of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse under Different Ventilation and Water Conditions

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