Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China

The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, suc...
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Autor*in:	You Wei [verfasserIn] Zhixun Xie [verfasserIn] Qing Fan [verfasserIn] Zhiqin Xie [verfasserIn] Xianwen Deng [verfasserIn] Sisi Luo [verfasserIn] Xiaofeng Li [verfasserIn] Yanfang Zhang [verfasserIn] Tingting Zeng [verfasserIn] Jiaoling Huang [verfasserIn] Zhihua Ruan [verfasserIn] Sheng Wang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	fowl adenovirus serotype 4 pathogenicity molecular characterization medium virulent convalescence

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science - Frontiers Media S.A., 2015, 10(2023)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:10 ; year:2023

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ090111125

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520			\|a The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 103 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 104 TCID50, 105 TCID50, 106 TCID50, and 107 TCID50 had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain. Persistent shedding occurred through the oral and cloacal routes for up to 35 days postinfection. The viral infection caused severe pathological damage to the liver, kidney, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen. The damage to the liver and immune organs could not be fully restored 21 days after infection, which continued to affect the immune function of chickens. Whole genome analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the FAdV-C group, serotype 4, and had 99.7–100% homology with recent FAdV-4 strains isolated from China. However, the amino acid sequences encoded by ORF30 and ORF49 are identical to the sequences found in nonpathogenic strains, and none of the 32 amino acid mutation sites that appeared in other Chinese isolates were found. Our research expands understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and provides a reference for further studies.
650		4	\|a fowl adenovirus serotype 4
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spelling	10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126 doi (DE-627)DOAJ090111125 (DE-599)DOAJ2519ebe715234e9a9422655d1901c0b0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 You Wei verfasserin aut Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 103 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 104 TCID50, 105 TCID50, 106 TCID50, and 107 TCID50 had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain. Persistent shedding occurred through the oral and cloacal routes for up to 35 days postinfection. The viral infection caused severe pathological damage to the liver, kidney, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen. The damage to the liver and immune organs could not be fully restored 21 days after infection, which continued to affect the immune function of chickens. Whole genome analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the FAdV-C group, serotype 4, and had 99.7–100% homology with recent FAdV-4 strains isolated from China. However, the amino acid sequences encoded by ORF30 and ORF49 are identical to the sequences found in nonpathogenic strains, and none of the 32 amino acid mutation sites that appeared in other Chinese isolates were found. Our research expands understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and provides a reference for further studies. fowl adenovirus serotype 4 pathogenicity molecular characterization medium virulent convalescence Veterinary medicine Zhixun Xie verfasserin aut Qing Fan verfasserin aut Zhiqin Xie verfasserin aut Xianwen Deng verfasserin aut Sisi Luo verfasserin aut Xiaofeng Li verfasserin aut Yanfang Zhang verfasserin aut Tingting Zeng verfasserin aut Jiaoling Huang verfasserin aut Zhihua Ruan verfasserin aut Sheng Wang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Veterinary Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2015 10(2023) (DE-627)835029417 (DE-600)2834243-4 22971769 nnns volume:10 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2519ebe715234e9a9422655d1901c0b0 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2023
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126 doi (DE-627)DOAJ090111125 (DE-599)DOAJ2519ebe715234e9a9422655d1901c0b0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 You Wei verfasserin aut Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 103 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 104 TCID50, 105 TCID50, 106 TCID50, and 107 TCID50 had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain. Persistent shedding occurred through the oral and cloacal routes for up to 35 days postinfection. The viral infection caused severe pathological damage to the liver, kidney, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen. The damage to the liver and immune organs could not be fully restored 21 days after infection, which continued to affect the immune function of chickens. Whole genome analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the FAdV-C group, serotype 4, and had 99.7–100% homology with recent FAdV-4 strains isolated from China. However, the amino acid sequences encoded by ORF30 and ORF49 are identical to the sequences found in nonpathogenic strains, and none of the 32 amino acid mutation sites that appeared in other Chinese isolates were found. Our research expands understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and provides a reference for further studies. fowl adenovirus serotype 4 pathogenicity molecular characterization medium virulent convalescence Veterinary medicine Zhixun Xie verfasserin aut Qing Fan verfasserin aut Zhiqin Xie verfasserin aut Xianwen Deng verfasserin aut Sisi Luo verfasserin aut Xiaofeng Li verfasserin aut Yanfang Zhang verfasserin aut Tingting Zeng verfasserin aut Jiaoling Huang verfasserin aut Zhihua Ruan verfasserin aut Sheng Wang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Veterinary Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2015 10(2023) (DE-627)835029417 (DE-600)2834243-4 22971769 nnns volume:10 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2519ebe715234e9a9422655d1901c0b0 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2023
allfieldsGer	10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126 doi (DE-627)DOAJ090111125 (DE-599)DOAJ2519ebe715234e9a9422655d1901c0b0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 You Wei verfasserin aut Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 103 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 104 TCID50, 105 TCID50, 106 TCID50, and 107 TCID50 had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain. Persistent shedding occurred through the oral and cloacal routes for up to 35 days postinfection. The viral infection caused severe pathological damage to the liver, kidney, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen. The damage to the liver and immune organs could not be fully restored 21 days after infection, which continued to affect the immune function of chickens. Whole genome analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the FAdV-C group, serotype 4, and had 99.7–100% homology with recent FAdV-4 strains isolated from China. However, the amino acid sequences encoded by ORF30 and ORF49 are identical to the sequences found in nonpathogenic strains, and none of the 32 amino acid mutation sites that appeared in other Chinese isolates were found. Our research expands understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and provides a reference for further studies. fowl adenovirus serotype 4 pathogenicity molecular characterization medium virulent convalescence Veterinary medicine Zhixun Xie verfasserin aut Qing Fan verfasserin aut Zhiqin Xie verfasserin aut Xianwen Deng verfasserin aut Sisi Luo verfasserin aut Xiaofeng Li verfasserin aut Yanfang Zhang verfasserin aut Tingting Zeng verfasserin aut Jiaoling Huang verfasserin aut Zhihua Ruan verfasserin aut Sheng Wang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Veterinary Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2015 10(2023) (DE-627)835029417 (DE-600)2834243-4 22971769 nnns volume:10 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2519ebe715234e9a9422655d1901c0b0 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2023
allfieldsSound	10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126 doi (DE-627)DOAJ090111125 (DE-599)DOAJ2519ebe715234e9a9422655d1901c0b0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 You Wei verfasserin aut Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 103 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 104 TCID50, 105 TCID50, 106 TCID50, and 107 TCID50 had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain. Persistent shedding occurred through the oral and cloacal routes for up to 35 days postinfection. The viral infection caused severe pathological damage to the liver, kidney, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen. The damage to the liver and immune organs could not be fully restored 21 days after infection, which continued to affect the immune function of chickens. Whole genome analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the FAdV-C group, serotype 4, and had 99.7–100% homology with recent FAdV-4 strains isolated from China. However, the amino acid sequences encoded by ORF30 and ORF49 are identical to the sequences found in nonpathogenic strains, and none of the 32 amino acid mutation sites that appeared in other Chinese isolates were found. Our research expands understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and provides a reference for further studies. fowl adenovirus serotype 4 pathogenicity molecular characterization medium virulent convalescence Veterinary medicine Zhixun Xie verfasserin aut Qing Fan verfasserin aut Zhiqin Xie verfasserin aut Xianwen Deng verfasserin aut Sisi Luo verfasserin aut Xiaofeng Li verfasserin aut Yanfang Zhang verfasserin aut Tingting Zeng verfasserin aut Jiaoling Huang verfasserin aut Zhihua Ruan verfasserin aut Sheng Wang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Veterinary Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2015 10(2023) (DE-627)835029417 (DE-600)2834243-4 22971769 nnns volume:10 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2519ebe715234e9a9422655d1901c0b0 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2023
language	English
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callnumber-first	S - Agriculture
author	You Wei
spellingShingle	You Wei misc SF600-1100 misc fowl adenovirus serotype 4 misc pathogenicity misc molecular characterization misc medium virulent misc convalescence misc Veterinary medicine Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China
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topic_title	SF600-1100 Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China fowl adenovirus serotype 4 pathogenicity molecular characterization medium virulent convalescence
topic	misc SF600-1100 misc fowl adenovirus serotype 4 misc pathogenicity misc molecular characterization misc medium virulent misc convalescence misc Veterinary medicine
topic_unstemmed	misc SF600-1100 misc fowl adenovirus serotype 4 misc pathogenicity misc molecular characterization misc medium virulent misc convalescence misc Veterinary medicine
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title	Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China
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title_full	Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China
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title_sort	pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in guangxi province, china
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title_auth	Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China
abstract	The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 103 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 104 TCID50, 105 TCID50, 106 TCID50, and 107 TCID50 had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain. Persistent shedding occurred through the oral and cloacal routes for up to 35 days postinfection. The viral infection caused severe pathological damage to the liver, kidney, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen. The damage to the liver and immune organs could not be fully restored 21 days after infection, which continued to affect the immune function of chickens. Whole genome analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the FAdV-C group, serotype 4, and had 99.7–100% homology with recent FAdV-4 strains isolated from China. However, the amino acid sequences encoded by ORF30 and ORF49 are identical to the sequences found in nonpathogenic strains, and none of the 32 amino acid mutation sites that appeared in other Chinese isolates were found. Our research expands understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and provides a reference for further studies.
abstractGer	The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 103 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 104 TCID50, 105 TCID50, 106 TCID50, and 107 TCID50 had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain. Persistent shedding occurred through the oral and cloacal routes for up to 35 days postinfection. The viral infection caused severe pathological damage to the liver, kidney, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen. The damage to the liver and immune organs could not be fully restored 21 days after infection, which continued to affect the immune function of chickens. Whole genome analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the FAdV-C group, serotype 4, and had 99.7–100% homology with recent FAdV-4 strains isolated from China. However, the amino acid sequences encoded by ORF30 and ORF49 are identical to the sequences found in nonpathogenic strains, and none of the 32 amino acid mutation sites that appeared in other Chinese isolates were found. Our research expands understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and provides a reference for further studies.
abstract_unstemmed	The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 103 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 104 TCID50, 105 TCID50, 106 TCID50, and 107 TCID50 had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain. Persistent shedding occurred through the oral and cloacal routes for up to 35 days postinfection. The viral infection caused severe pathological damage to the liver, kidney, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen. The damage to the liver and immune organs could not be fully restored 21 days after infection, which continued to affect the immune function of chickens. Whole genome analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the FAdV-C group, serotype 4, and had 99.7–100% homology with recent FAdV-4 strains isolated from China. However, the amino acid sequences encoded by ORF30 and ORF49 are identical to the sequences found in nonpathogenic strains, and none of the 32 amino acid mutation sites that appeared in other Chinese isolates were found. Our research expands understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and provides a reference for further studies.
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title_short	Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China
url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126 https://doaj.org/article/2519ebe715234e9a9422655d1901c0b0 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1190126/full https://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769
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Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 103 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 104 TCID50, 105 TCID50, 106 TCID50, and 107 TCID50 had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain. Persistent shedding occurred through the oral and cloacal routes for up to 35 days postinfection. The viral infection caused severe pathological damage to the liver, kidney, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen. The damage to the liver and immune organs could not be fully restored 21 days after infection, which continued to affect the immune function of chickens. Whole genome analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the FAdV-C group, serotype 4, and had 99.7–100% homology with recent FAdV-4 strains isolated from China. However, the amino acid sequences encoded by ORF30 and ORF49 are identical to the sequences found in nonpathogenic strains, and none of the 32 amino acid mutation sites that appeared in other Chinese isolates were found. 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Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China

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