Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i< Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light

<i<Astragalus membranaceus</i<, the major components of which are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, has been established to have excellent pharmacological activity. After ginseng, it is the second most used medicinal plant. To examine the utility of <i<A. membranaceus</i< as a sprout crop for plant factory cultivation, we sought to establish a functional substance control model by comparing the transcriptomes of sprouts grown in sterile, in vitro culture using LED light sources. Having sown the seeds of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, these were exposed to white LED light (continuous spectrum), red LED light (632 nm, 1.58 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s), or blue LED light (465 nm, 1.44 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s) and grown for 6 weeks; after which, the samples were collected for transcriptome analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of cell morphology in plants exposed to the three light sources revealed that leaf cell size was largest in those plants exposed to red light, where the thickest stem was observed in plants exposed to white light. The total number of genes in <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts determined via de novo assembly was 45,667. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that for the comparisons of blue LED vs. red LED, blue LED vs. white LED, and red LED vs. white LED, the numbers of upregulated genes were 132, 148, and 144, respectively. Binding, DNA integration, transport, phosphorylation, DNA biosynthetic process, membrane, and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue LED vs. red LED, whereas Binding, RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process, DNA metabolic process, and DNA integration were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue vs. white LED, and DNA integration and resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates were the most enrichment in the comparison between red LED vs. white LED. The GO term associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, implying the functionality of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, was the flavonoid biosynthetic process, which was enriched in the white LED vs. red LED comparison. The findings of this study thus indicate that different LED light sources can differentially influence the transcriptome expression pattern of <i<A. membranaceus</i< sprouts, which can provide a basis for establishing a flavonoid biosynthesis regulation model and thus, the cultivation of high-functional <i<Astragalus</i< sprouts. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Ji Won Seo [verfasserIn] Jae Geun Lee [verfasserIn] Ji Hye Yoo [verfasserIn] Jung Dae Lim [verfasserIn] Ik Young Choi [verfasserIn] Myong Jo Kim [verfasserIn] Chang Yeon Yu [verfasserIn] Eun Soo Seong [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	GO term LED light sources transcriptomes upregulated genes

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Plants - MDPI AG, 2013, 12(2023), 9, p 1914
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2023 ; number:9, p 1914

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/plants12091914

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ09034359X

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allfields	10.3390/plants12091914 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09034359X (DE-599)DOAJ98b2b912f694465a8ab645439e52526d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK1-989 Ji Won Seo verfasserin aut Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i< Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i<, the major components of which are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, has been established to have excellent pharmacological activity. After ginseng, it is the second most used medicinal plant. To examine the utility of <i<A. membranaceus</i< as a sprout crop for plant factory cultivation, we sought to establish a functional substance control model by comparing the transcriptomes of sprouts grown in sterile, in vitro culture using LED light sources. Having sown the seeds of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, these were exposed to white LED light (continuous spectrum), red LED light (632 nm, 1.58 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s), or blue LED light (465 nm, 1.44 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s) and grown for 6 weeks; after which, the samples were collected for transcriptome analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of cell morphology in plants exposed to the three light sources revealed that leaf cell size was largest in those plants exposed to red light, where the thickest stem was observed in plants exposed to white light. The total number of genes in <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts determined via de novo assembly was 45,667. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that for the comparisons of blue LED vs. red LED, blue LED vs. white LED, and red LED vs. white LED, the numbers of upregulated genes were 132, 148, and 144, respectively. Binding, DNA integration, transport, phosphorylation, DNA biosynthetic process, membrane, and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue LED vs. red LED, whereas Binding, RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process, DNA metabolic process, and DNA integration were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue vs. white LED, and DNA integration and resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates were the most enrichment in the comparison between red LED vs. white LED. The GO term associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, implying the functionality of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, was the flavonoid biosynthetic process, which was enriched in the white LED vs. red LED comparison. The findings of this study thus indicate that different LED light sources can differentially influence the transcriptome expression pattern of <i<A. membranaceus</i< sprouts, which can provide a basis for establishing a flavonoid biosynthesis regulation model and thus, the cultivation of high-functional <i<Astragalus</i< sprouts. <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts GO term LED light sources transcriptomes upregulated genes Botany Jae Geun Lee verfasserin aut Ji Hye Yoo verfasserin aut Jung Dae Lim verfasserin aut Ik Young Choi verfasserin aut Myong Jo Kim verfasserin aut Chang Yeon Yu verfasserin aut Eun Soo Seong verfasserin aut In Plants MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 9, p 1914 (DE-627)737288345 (DE-600)2704341-1 22237747 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:9, p 1914 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091914 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/98b2b912f694465a8ab645439e52526d kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/9/1914 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 9, p 1914
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allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/plants12091914 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09034359X (DE-599)DOAJ98b2b912f694465a8ab645439e52526d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK1-989 Ji Won Seo verfasserin aut Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i< Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i<, the major components of which are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, has been established to have excellent pharmacological activity. After ginseng, it is the second most used medicinal plant. To examine the utility of <i<A. membranaceus</i< as a sprout crop for plant factory cultivation, we sought to establish a functional substance control model by comparing the transcriptomes of sprouts grown in sterile, in vitro culture using LED light sources. Having sown the seeds of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, these were exposed to white LED light (continuous spectrum), red LED light (632 nm, 1.58 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s), or blue LED light (465 nm, 1.44 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s) and grown for 6 weeks; after which, the samples were collected for transcriptome analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of cell morphology in plants exposed to the three light sources revealed that leaf cell size was largest in those plants exposed to red light, where the thickest stem was observed in plants exposed to white light. The total number of genes in <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts determined via de novo assembly was 45,667. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that for the comparisons of blue LED vs. red LED, blue LED vs. white LED, and red LED vs. white LED, the numbers of upregulated genes were 132, 148, and 144, respectively. Binding, DNA integration, transport, phosphorylation, DNA biosynthetic process, membrane, and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue LED vs. red LED, whereas Binding, RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process, DNA metabolic process, and DNA integration were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue vs. white LED, and DNA integration and resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates were the most enrichment in the comparison between red LED vs. white LED. The GO term associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, implying the functionality of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, was the flavonoid biosynthetic process, which was enriched in the white LED vs. red LED comparison. The findings of this study thus indicate that different LED light sources can differentially influence the transcriptome expression pattern of <i<A. membranaceus</i< sprouts, which can provide a basis for establishing a flavonoid biosynthesis regulation model and thus, the cultivation of high-functional <i<Astragalus</i< sprouts. <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts GO term LED light sources transcriptomes upregulated genes Botany Jae Geun Lee verfasserin aut Ji Hye Yoo verfasserin aut Jung Dae Lim verfasserin aut Ik Young Choi verfasserin aut Myong Jo Kim verfasserin aut Chang Yeon Yu verfasserin aut Eun Soo Seong verfasserin aut In Plants MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 9, p 1914 (DE-627)737288345 (DE-600)2704341-1 22237747 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:9, p 1914 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091914 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/98b2b912f694465a8ab645439e52526d kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/9/1914 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 9, p 1914
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allfieldsSound	10.3390/plants12091914 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09034359X (DE-599)DOAJ98b2b912f694465a8ab645439e52526d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK1-989 Ji Won Seo verfasserin aut Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i< Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i<, the major components of which are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, has been established to have excellent pharmacological activity. After ginseng, it is the second most used medicinal plant. To examine the utility of <i<A. membranaceus</i< as a sprout crop for plant factory cultivation, we sought to establish a functional substance control model by comparing the transcriptomes of sprouts grown in sterile, in vitro culture using LED light sources. Having sown the seeds of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, these were exposed to white LED light (continuous spectrum), red LED light (632 nm, 1.58 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s), or blue LED light (465 nm, 1.44 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s) and grown for 6 weeks; after which, the samples were collected for transcriptome analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of cell morphology in plants exposed to the three light sources revealed that leaf cell size was largest in those plants exposed to red light, where the thickest stem was observed in plants exposed to white light. The total number of genes in <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts determined via de novo assembly was 45,667. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that for the comparisons of blue LED vs. red LED, blue LED vs. white LED, and red LED vs. white LED, the numbers of upregulated genes were 132, 148, and 144, respectively. Binding, DNA integration, transport, phosphorylation, DNA biosynthetic process, membrane, and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue LED vs. red LED, whereas Binding, RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process, DNA metabolic process, and DNA integration were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue vs. white LED, and DNA integration and resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates were the most enrichment in the comparison between red LED vs. white LED. The GO term associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, implying the functionality of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, was the flavonoid biosynthetic process, which was enriched in the white LED vs. red LED comparison. The findings of this study thus indicate that different LED light sources can differentially influence the transcriptome expression pattern of <i<A. membranaceus</i< sprouts, which can provide a basis for establishing a flavonoid biosynthesis regulation model and thus, the cultivation of high-functional <i<Astragalus</i< sprouts. <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts GO term LED light sources transcriptomes upregulated genes Botany Jae Geun Lee verfasserin aut Ji Hye Yoo verfasserin aut Jung Dae Lim verfasserin aut Ik Young Choi verfasserin aut Myong Jo Kim verfasserin aut Chang Yeon Yu verfasserin aut Eun Soo Seong verfasserin aut In Plants MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 9, p 1914 (DE-627)737288345 (DE-600)2704341-1 22237747 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:9, p 1914 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091914 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/98b2b912f694465a8ab645439e52526d kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/9/1914 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 9, p 1914
language	English
source	In Plants 12(2023), 9, p 1914 volume:12 year:2023 number:9, p 1914
sourceStr	In Plants 12(2023), 9, p 1914 volume:12 year:2023 number:9, p 1914
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	<i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts GO term LED light sources transcriptomes upregulated genes Botany
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Plants
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Ji Won Seo @@aut@@ Jae Geun Lee @@aut@@ Ji Hye Yoo @@aut@@ Jung Dae Lim @@aut@@ Ik Young Choi @@aut@@ Myong Jo Kim @@aut@@ Chang Yeon Yu @@aut@@ Eun Soo Seong @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
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language_de	englisch
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Ji Won Seo
spellingShingle	Ji Won Seo misc QK1-989 misc <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts misc GO term misc LED light sources misc transcriptomes misc upregulated genes misc Botany Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i< Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light
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topic_title	QK1-989 Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i< Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts GO term LED light sources transcriptomes upregulated genes
topic	misc QK1-989 misc <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts misc GO term misc LED light sources misc transcriptomes misc upregulated genes misc Botany
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title	Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i< Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light
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title_full	Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i< Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light
author_sort	Ji Won Seo
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author_browse	Ji Won Seo Jae Geun Lee Ji Hye Yoo Jung Dae Lim Ik Young Choi Myong Jo Kim Chang Yeon Yu Eun Soo Seong
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author-letter	Ji Won Seo
doi_str_mv	10.3390/plants12091914
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title_sort	cellular morphology and transcriptome comparative analysis of <i<astragalus membranaceus</i< bunge sprouts cultured in vitro under different led light
callnumber	QK1-989
title_auth	Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i< Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light
abstract	<i<Astragalus membranaceus</i<, the major components of which are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, has been established to have excellent pharmacological activity. After ginseng, it is the second most used medicinal plant. To examine the utility of <i<A. membranaceus</i< as a sprout crop for plant factory cultivation, we sought to establish a functional substance control model by comparing the transcriptomes of sprouts grown in sterile, in vitro culture using LED light sources. Having sown the seeds of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, these were exposed to white LED light (continuous spectrum), red LED light (632 nm, 1.58 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s), or blue LED light (465 nm, 1.44 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s) and grown for 6 weeks; after which, the samples were collected for transcriptome analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of cell morphology in plants exposed to the three light sources revealed that leaf cell size was largest in those plants exposed to red light, where the thickest stem was observed in plants exposed to white light. The total number of genes in <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts determined via de novo assembly was 45,667. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that for the comparisons of blue LED vs. red LED, blue LED vs. white LED, and red LED vs. white LED, the numbers of upregulated genes were 132, 148, and 144, respectively. Binding, DNA integration, transport, phosphorylation, DNA biosynthetic process, membrane, and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue LED vs. red LED, whereas Binding, RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process, DNA metabolic process, and DNA integration were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue vs. white LED, and DNA integration and resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates were the most enrichment in the comparison between red LED vs. white LED. The GO term associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, implying the functionality of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, was the flavonoid biosynthetic process, which was enriched in the white LED vs. red LED comparison. The findings of this study thus indicate that different LED light sources can differentially influence the transcriptome expression pattern of <i<A. membranaceus</i< sprouts, which can provide a basis for establishing a flavonoid biosynthesis regulation model and thus, the cultivation of high-functional <i<Astragalus</i< sprouts.
abstractGer	<i<Astragalus membranaceus</i<, the major components of which are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, has been established to have excellent pharmacological activity. After ginseng, it is the second most used medicinal plant. To examine the utility of <i<A. membranaceus</i< as a sprout crop for plant factory cultivation, we sought to establish a functional substance control model by comparing the transcriptomes of sprouts grown in sterile, in vitro culture using LED light sources. Having sown the seeds of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, these were exposed to white LED light (continuous spectrum), red LED light (632 nm, 1.58 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s), or blue LED light (465 nm, 1.44 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s) and grown for 6 weeks; after which, the samples were collected for transcriptome analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of cell morphology in plants exposed to the three light sources revealed that leaf cell size was largest in those plants exposed to red light, where the thickest stem was observed in plants exposed to white light. The total number of genes in <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts determined via de novo assembly was 45,667. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that for the comparisons of blue LED vs. red LED, blue LED vs. white LED, and red LED vs. white LED, the numbers of upregulated genes were 132, 148, and 144, respectively. Binding, DNA integration, transport, phosphorylation, DNA biosynthetic process, membrane, and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue LED vs. red LED, whereas Binding, RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process, DNA metabolic process, and DNA integration were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue vs. white LED, and DNA integration and resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates were the most enrichment in the comparison between red LED vs. white LED. The GO term associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, implying the functionality of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, was the flavonoid biosynthetic process, which was enriched in the white LED vs. red LED comparison. The findings of this study thus indicate that different LED light sources can differentially influence the transcriptome expression pattern of <i<A. membranaceus</i< sprouts, which can provide a basis for establishing a flavonoid biosynthesis regulation model and thus, the cultivation of high-functional <i<Astragalus</i< sprouts.
abstract_unstemmed	<i<Astragalus membranaceus</i<, the major components of which are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, has been established to have excellent pharmacological activity. After ginseng, it is the second most used medicinal plant. To examine the utility of <i<A. membranaceus</i< as a sprout crop for plant factory cultivation, we sought to establish a functional substance control model by comparing the transcriptomes of sprouts grown in sterile, in vitro culture using LED light sources. Having sown the seeds of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, these were exposed to white LED light (continuous spectrum), red LED light (632 nm, 1.58 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s), or blue LED light (465 nm, 1.44 μmol/m<sup<2</sup</s) and grown for 6 weeks; after which, the samples were collected for transcriptome analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of cell morphology in plants exposed to the three light sources revealed that leaf cell size was largest in those plants exposed to red light, where the thickest stem was observed in plants exposed to white light. The total number of genes in <i<A. membranaceus</i< spouts determined via de novo assembly was 45,667. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that for the comparisons of blue LED vs. red LED, blue LED vs. white LED, and red LED vs. white LED, the numbers of upregulated genes were 132, 148, and 144, respectively. Binding, DNA integration, transport, phosphorylation, DNA biosynthetic process, membrane, and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue LED vs. red LED, whereas Binding, RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process, DNA metabolic process, and DNA integration were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue vs. white LED, and DNA integration and resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates were the most enrichment in the comparison between red LED vs. white LED. The GO term associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, implying the functionality of <i<A. membranaceus</i<, was the flavonoid biosynthetic process, which was enriched in the white LED vs. red LED comparison. The findings of this study thus indicate that different LED light sources can differentially influence the transcriptome expression pattern of <i<A. membranaceus</i< sprouts, which can provide a basis for establishing a flavonoid biosynthesis regulation model and thus, the cultivation of high-functional <i<Astragalus</i< sprouts.
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container_issue	9, p 1914
title_short	Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of <i<Astragalus membranaceus</i< Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light
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