Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests

IntroductionSurvival and growth of tree seedlings are key processes of regeneration in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measure...
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Autor*in:	Maria-Theresa Jessen [verfasserIn] Eveline J. Krab [verfasserIn] Signe Lett [verfasserIn] Marie-Charlotte Nilsson [verfasserIn] Laurenz Teuber [verfasserIn] David A. Wardle [verfasserIn] Ellen Dorrepaal [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	climate change forest fire moss plant functional group removal shrubs survival

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change - Frontiers Media S.A., 2019, 6(2023)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:6 ; year:2023

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ09040369X

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520			\|a IntroductionSurvival and growth of tree seedlings are key processes of regeneration in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measured survival (over 3 years) and growth of seedlings of three tree species (Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea abies) in a full-factorial field experiment with passive warming and removal of two plant functional groups (feather moss and/or ericaceous shrubs) along a post-fire chronosequence in an unmanaged boreal forest.ResultsWarming had no effect on seedling survival over time or on relative biomass growth. Meanwhile, moss removal greatly increased seedling survival overall, while shrub removal canceled this effect for B. pubescens seedlings. In addition, B. pubescens and P. sylvestris survival benefitted most from moss removal in old forests (>260 years since last fire disturbance). In contrast to survival, seedling growth was promoted by shrub removal for two out of three species, i.e., P. sylvestris and P. abies, meaning that seedling survival and growth are governed by different understory functional groups affecting seedling performance through different mechanism and modes of action.DiscussionOur findings highlight that understory vegetation and to a lesser extent post-fire successional stage are important drivers of seedling performance while the direct effect of climate warming is not. This suggests that tree regeneration in future forests may be more responsive to changes in understory vegetation or fire regime, e.g., indirectly caused by warming, than to direct or interactive effects of rising temperatures.
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allfields	10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09040369X (DE-599)DOAJb5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SD1-669.5 GE1-350 Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionSurvival and growth of tree seedlings are key processes of regeneration in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measured survival (over 3 years) and growth of seedlings of three tree species (Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea abies) in a full-factorial field experiment with passive warming and removal of two plant functional groups (feather moss and/or ericaceous shrubs) along a post-fire chronosequence in an unmanaged boreal forest.ResultsWarming had no effect on seedling survival over time or on relative biomass growth. Meanwhile, moss removal greatly increased seedling survival overall, while shrub removal canceled this effect for B. pubescens seedlings. In addition, B. pubescens and P. sylvestris survival benefitted most from moss removal in old forests (>260 years since last fire disturbance). In contrast to survival, seedling growth was promoted by shrub removal for two out of three species, i.e., P. sylvestris and P. abies, meaning that seedling survival and growth are governed by different understory functional groups affecting seedling performance through different mechanism and modes of action.DiscussionOur findings highlight that understory vegetation and to a lesser extent post-fire successional stage are important drivers of seedling performance while the direct effect of climate warming is not. This suggests that tree regeneration in future forests may be more responsive to changes in understory vegetation or fire regime, e.g., indirectly caused by warming, than to direct or interactive effects of rising temperatures. climate change forest fire moss plant functional group removal shrubs survival Forestry Environmental sciences Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Eveline J. Krab verfasserin aut Eveline J. Krab verfasserin aut Signe Lett verfasserin aut Signe Lett verfasserin aut Marie-Charlotte Nilsson verfasserin aut Laurenz Teuber verfasserin aut David A. Wardle verfasserin aut Ellen Dorrepaal verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Frontiers Media S.A., 2019 6(2023) (DE-627)1662887469 (DE-600)2968523-0 2624893X nnns volume:6 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2624-893X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023
spelling	10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09040369X (DE-599)DOAJb5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SD1-669.5 GE1-350 Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionSurvival and growth of tree seedlings are key processes of regeneration in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measured survival (over 3 years) and growth of seedlings of three tree species (Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea abies) in a full-factorial field experiment with passive warming and removal of two plant functional groups (feather moss and/or ericaceous shrubs) along a post-fire chronosequence in an unmanaged boreal forest.ResultsWarming had no effect on seedling survival over time or on relative biomass growth. Meanwhile, moss removal greatly increased seedling survival overall, while shrub removal canceled this effect for B. pubescens seedlings. In addition, B. pubescens and P. sylvestris survival benefitted most from moss removal in old forests (>260 years since last fire disturbance). In contrast to survival, seedling growth was promoted by shrub removal for two out of three species, i.e., P. sylvestris and P. abies, meaning that seedling survival and growth are governed by different understory functional groups affecting seedling performance through different mechanism and modes of action.DiscussionOur findings highlight that understory vegetation and to a lesser extent post-fire successional stage are important drivers of seedling performance while the direct effect of climate warming is not. This suggests that tree regeneration in future forests may be more responsive to changes in understory vegetation or fire regime, e.g., indirectly caused by warming, than to direct or interactive effects of rising temperatures. climate change forest fire moss plant functional group removal shrubs survival Forestry Environmental sciences Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Eveline J. Krab verfasserin aut Eveline J. Krab verfasserin aut Signe Lett verfasserin aut Signe Lett verfasserin aut Marie-Charlotte Nilsson verfasserin aut Laurenz Teuber verfasserin aut David A. Wardle verfasserin aut Ellen Dorrepaal verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Frontiers Media S.A., 2019 6(2023) (DE-627)1662887469 (DE-600)2968523-0 2624893X nnns volume:6 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2624-893X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09040369X (DE-599)DOAJb5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SD1-669.5 GE1-350 Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionSurvival and growth of tree seedlings are key processes of regeneration in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measured survival (over 3 years) and growth of seedlings of three tree species (Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea abies) in a full-factorial field experiment with passive warming and removal of two plant functional groups (feather moss and/or ericaceous shrubs) along a post-fire chronosequence in an unmanaged boreal forest.ResultsWarming had no effect on seedling survival over time or on relative biomass growth. Meanwhile, moss removal greatly increased seedling survival overall, while shrub removal canceled this effect for B. pubescens seedlings. In addition, B. pubescens and P. sylvestris survival benefitted most from moss removal in old forests (>260 years since last fire disturbance). In contrast to survival, seedling growth was promoted by shrub removal for two out of three species, i.e., P. sylvestris and P. abies, meaning that seedling survival and growth are governed by different understory functional groups affecting seedling performance through different mechanism and modes of action.DiscussionOur findings highlight that understory vegetation and to a lesser extent post-fire successional stage are important drivers of seedling performance while the direct effect of climate warming is not. This suggests that tree regeneration in future forests may be more responsive to changes in understory vegetation or fire regime, e.g., indirectly caused by warming, than to direct or interactive effects of rising temperatures. climate change forest fire moss plant functional group removal shrubs survival Forestry Environmental sciences Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Eveline J. Krab verfasserin aut Eveline J. Krab verfasserin aut Signe Lett verfasserin aut Signe Lett verfasserin aut Marie-Charlotte Nilsson verfasserin aut Laurenz Teuber verfasserin aut David A. Wardle verfasserin aut Ellen Dorrepaal verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Frontiers Media S.A., 2019 6(2023) (DE-627)1662887469 (DE-600)2968523-0 2624893X nnns volume:6 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2624-893X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023
allfieldsGer	10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09040369X (DE-599)DOAJb5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SD1-669.5 GE1-350 Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionSurvival and growth of tree seedlings are key processes of regeneration in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measured survival (over 3 years) and growth of seedlings of three tree species (Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea abies) in a full-factorial field experiment with passive warming and removal of two plant functional groups (feather moss and/or ericaceous shrubs) along a post-fire chronosequence in an unmanaged boreal forest.ResultsWarming had no effect on seedling survival over time or on relative biomass growth. Meanwhile, moss removal greatly increased seedling survival overall, while shrub removal canceled this effect for B. pubescens seedlings. In addition, B. pubescens and P. sylvestris survival benefitted most from moss removal in old forests (>260 years since last fire disturbance). In contrast to survival, seedling growth was promoted by shrub removal for two out of three species, i.e., P. sylvestris and P. abies, meaning that seedling survival and growth are governed by different understory functional groups affecting seedling performance through different mechanism and modes of action.DiscussionOur findings highlight that understory vegetation and to a lesser extent post-fire successional stage are important drivers of seedling performance while the direct effect of climate warming is not. This suggests that tree regeneration in future forests may be more responsive to changes in understory vegetation or fire regime, e.g., indirectly caused by warming, than to direct or interactive effects of rising temperatures. climate change forest fire moss plant functional group removal shrubs survival Forestry Environmental sciences Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Eveline J. Krab verfasserin aut Eveline J. Krab verfasserin aut Signe Lett verfasserin aut Signe Lett verfasserin aut Marie-Charlotte Nilsson verfasserin aut Laurenz Teuber verfasserin aut David A. Wardle verfasserin aut Ellen Dorrepaal verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Frontiers Media S.A., 2019 6(2023) (DE-627)1662887469 (DE-600)2968523-0 2624893X nnns volume:6 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2624-893X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023
allfieldsSound	10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09040369X (DE-599)DOAJb5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SD1-669.5 GE1-350 Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionSurvival and growth of tree seedlings are key processes of regeneration in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measured survival (over 3 years) and growth of seedlings of three tree species (Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea abies) in a full-factorial field experiment with passive warming and removal of two plant functional groups (feather moss and/or ericaceous shrubs) along a post-fire chronosequence in an unmanaged boreal forest.ResultsWarming had no effect on seedling survival over time or on relative biomass growth. Meanwhile, moss removal greatly increased seedling survival overall, while shrub removal canceled this effect for B. pubescens seedlings. In addition, B. pubescens and P. sylvestris survival benefitted most from moss removal in old forests (>260 years since last fire disturbance). In contrast to survival, seedling growth was promoted by shrub removal for two out of three species, i.e., P. sylvestris and P. abies, meaning that seedling survival and growth are governed by different understory functional groups affecting seedling performance through different mechanism and modes of action.DiscussionOur findings highlight that understory vegetation and to a lesser extent post-fire successional stage are important drivers of seedling performance while the direct effect of climate warming is not. This suggests that tree regeneration in future forests may be more responsive to changes in understory vegetation or fire regime, e.g., indirectly caused by warming, than to direct or interactive effects of rising temperatures. climate change forest fire moss plant functional group removal shrubs survival Forestry Environmental sciences Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Maria-Theresa Jessen verfasserin aut Eveline J. Krab verfasserin aut Eveline J. Krab verfasserin aut Signe Lett verfasserin aut Signe Lett verfasserin aut Marie-Charlotte Nilsson verfasserin aut Laurenz Teuber verfasserin aut David A. Wardle verfasserin aut Ellen Dorrepaal verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Frontiers Media S.A., 2019 6(2023) (DE-627)1662887469 (DE-600)2968523-0 2624893X nnns volume:6 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2624-893X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023
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author	Maria-Theresa Jessen
spellingShingle	Maria-Theresa Jessen misc SD1-669.5 misc GE1-350 misc climate change misc forest fire misc moss misc plant functional group removal misc shrubs misc survival misc Forestry misc Environmental sciences Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests
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topic_title	SD1-669.5 GE1-350 Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests climate change forest fire moss plant functional group removal shrubs survival
topic	misc SD1-669.5 misc GE1-350 misc climate change misc forest fire misc moss misc plant functional group removal misc shrubs misc survival misc Forestry misc Environmental sciences
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title	Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests
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title_full	Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests
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title_sort	understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests
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title_auth	Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests
abstract	IntroductionSurvival and growth of tree seedlings are key processes of regeneration in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measured survival (over 3 years) and growth of seedlings of three tree species (Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea abies) in a full-factorial field experiment with passive warming and removal of two plant functional groups (feather moss and/or ericaceous shrubs) along a post-fire chronosequence in an unmanaged boreal forest.ResultsWarming had no effect on seedling survival over time or on relative biomass growth. Meanwhile, moss removal greatly increased seedling survival overall, while shrub removal canceled this effect for B. pubescens seedlings. In addition, B. pubescens and P. sylvestris survival benefitted most from moss removal in old forests (>260 years since last fire disturbance). In contrast to survival, seedling growth was promoted by shrub removal for two out of three species, i.e., P. sylvestris and P. abies, meaning that seedling survival and growth are governed by different understory functional groups affecting seedling performance through different mechanism and modes of action.DiscussionOur findings highlight that understory vegetation and to a lesser extent post-fire successional stage are important drivers of seedling performance while the direct effect of climate warming is not. This suggests that tree regeneration in future forests may be more responsive to changes in understory vegetation or fire regime, e.g., indirectly caused by warming, than to direct or interactive effects of rising temperatures.
abstractGer	IntroductionSurvival and growth of tree seedlings are key processes of regeneration in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measured survival (over 3 years) and growth of seedlings of three tree species (Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea abies) in a full-factorial field experiment with passive warming and removal of two plant functional groups (feather moss and/or ericaceous shrubs) along a post-fire chronosequence in an unmanaged boreal forest.ResultsWarming had no effect on seedling survival over time or on relative biomass growth. Meanwhile, moss removal greatly increased seedling survival overall, while shrub removal canceled this effect for B. pubescens seedlings. In addition, B. pubescens and P. sylvestris survival benefitted most from moss removal in old forests (>260 years since last fire disturbance). In contrast to survival, seedling growth was promoted by shrub removal for two out of three species, i.e., P. sylvestris and P. abies, meaning that seedling survival and growth are governed by different understory functional groups affecting seedling performance through different mechanism and modes of action.DiscussionOur findings highlight that understory vegetation and to a lesser extent post-fire successional stage are important drivers of seedling performance while the direct effect of climate warming is not. This suggests that tree regeneration in future forests may be more responsive to changes in understory vegetation or fire regime, e.g., indirectly caused by warming, than to direct or interactive effects of rising temperatures.
abstract_unstemmed	IntroductionSurvival and growth of tree seedlings are key processes of regeneration in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measured survival (over 3 years) and growth of seedlings of three tree species (Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea abies) in a full-factorial field experiment with passive warming and removal of two plant functional groups (feather moss and/or ericaceous shrubs) along a post-fire chronosequence in an unmanaged boreal forest.ResultsWarming had no effect on seedling survival over time or on relative biomass growth. Meanwhile, moss removal greatly increased seedling survival overall, while shrub removal canceled this effect for B. pubescens seedlings. In addition, B. pubescens and P. sylvestris survival benefitted most from moss removal in old forests (>260 years since last fire disturbance). In contrast to survival, seedling growth was promoted by shrub removal for two out of three species, i.e., P. sylvestris and P. abies, meaning that seedling survival and growth are governed by different understory functional groups affecting seedling performance through different mechanism and modes of action.DiscussionOur findings highlight that understory vegetation and to a lesser extent post-fire successional stage are important drivers of seedling performance while the direct effect of climate warming is not. This suggests that tree regeneration in future forests may be more responsive to changes in understory vegetation or fire regime, e.g., indirectly caused by warming, than to direct or interactive effects of rising temperatures.
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title_short	Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests
url	https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532 https://doaj.org/article/b5143ccebf784e02a77b768d1ed2c6bf https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1130532/full https://doaj.org/toc/2624-893X
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author2	Maria-Theresa Jessen Eveline J. Krab Signe Lett Marie-Charlotte Nilsson Laurenz Teuber David A. Wardle Ellen Dorrepaal
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However, little is known about how climate warming modulates seedling performance either directly or in interaction with understory vegetation and post-fire successional stages.MethodsWe measured survival (over 3 years) and growth of seedlings of three tree species (Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea abies) in a full-factorial field experiment with passive warming and removal of two plant functional groups (feather moss and/or ericaceous shrubs) along a post-fire chronosequence in an unmanaged boreal forest.ResultsWarming had no effect on seedling survival over time or on relative biomass growth. Meanwhile, moss removal greatly increased seedling survival overall, while shrub removal canceled this effect for B. pubescens seedlings. In addition, B. pubescens and P. sylvestris survival benefitted most from moss removal in old forests (&gt;260 years since last fire disturbance). In contrast to survival, seedling growth was promoted by shrub removal for two out of three species, i.e., P. sylvestris and P. abies, meaning that seedling survival and growth are governed by different understory functional groups affecting seedling performance through different mechanism and modes of action.DiscussionOur findings highlight that understory vegetation and to a lesser extent post-fire successional stage are important drivers of seedling performance while the direct effect of climate warming is not. This suggests that tree regeneration in future forests may be more responsive to changes in understory vegetation or fire regime, e.g., indirectly caused by warming, than to direct or interactive effects of rising temperatures.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">climate change</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">forest fire</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">moss</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">plant functional group removal</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">shrubs</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">survival</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Forestry</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Environmental sciences</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Maria-Theresa Jessen</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Maria-Theresa Jessen</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Eveline J. 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Understory functional groups and fire history but not experimental warming drive tree seedling performance in unmanaged boreal forests

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