Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators

Genital warts are the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Their clinical diagnosis is not always easy, and invasive skin biopsies for histological examination should be performed in these cases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagno...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Elisa Cinotti [verfasserIn] Lorenzo Barbarossa [verfasserIn] Giulio Cortonesi [verfasserIn] Arianna Lamberti [verfasserIn] Francesca La Marca [verfasserIn] Linda Tognetti [verfasserIn] Pietro Rubegni [verfasserIn] Jean Luc Perrot [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	wart genital condyloma non-invasive imaging molluscum contagiosum

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Clinical Medicine - MDPI AG, 2013, 13(2024), 5, p 1345
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:13 ; year:2024 ; number:5, p 1345

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/jcm13051345

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ091253640

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520			\|a Genital warts are the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Their clinical diagnosis is not always easy, and invasive skin biopsies for histological examination should be performed in these cases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis of genital warts and their imitators. We retrospectively evaluated dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and line-filed confocal microscopy (LC-OCT) images of nine patients with 19 warts of the mucous membranes and five patients with lesions that clinically mimic genital warts, including 12 molluscum contagiosum, 1 Fordyce’s spot and one case of multiple acquired lymphangiomas. Most genital warts (15; 79%) showed dilated vessels surrounded by a whitish halo at dermoscopy. RCM and the new device LC-OCT could identify near histologic features such as the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and enlarged vessels in all genital warts. However, the identification of koilocytes, which are the hallmark for the diagnosis of warts, was still difficult using both techniques. Non-invasive imaging techniques could also offer clues for the correct diagnosis of the imitators. This study confirmed the usefulness of dermoscopy in recognizing a precise pattern in warts and showed the potential use of RCM and LC-OCT to add additional findings to the clinical and dermoscopic examination.
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allfields	10.3390/jcm13051345 doi (DE-627)DOAJ091253640 (DE-599)DOAJ41fa001b27a9415598ed0dc1c5266228 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Elisa Cinotti verfasserin aut Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Genital warts are the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Their clinical diagnosis is not always easy, and invasive skin biopsies for histological examination should be performed in these cases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis of genital warts and their imitators. We retrospectively evaluated dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and line-filed confocal microscopy (LC-OCT) images of nine patients with 19 warts of the mucous membranes and five patients with lesions that clinically mimic genital warts, including 12 molluscum contagiosum, 1 Fordyce’s spot and one case of multiple acquired lymphangiomas. Most genital warts (15; 79%) showed dilated vessels surrounded by a whitish halo at dermoscopy. RCM and the new device LC-OCT could identify near histologic features such as the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and enlarged vessels in all genital warts. However, the identification of koilocytes, which are the hallmark for the diagnosis of warts, was still difficult using both techniques. Non-invasive imaging techniques could also offer clues for the correct diagnosis of the imitators. This study confirmed the usefulness of dermoscopy in recognizing a precise pattern in warts and showed the potential use of RCM and LC-OCT to add additional findings to the clinical and dermoscopic examination. wart genital condyloma non-invasive imaging molluscum contagiosum Medicine R Lorenzo Barbarossa verfasserin aut Giulio Cortonesi verfasserin aut Arianna Lamberti verfasserin aut Francesca La Marca verfasserin aut Linda Tognetti verfasserin aut Pietro Rubegni verfasserin aut Jean Luc Perrot verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 13(2024), 5, p 1345 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:13 year:2024 number:5, p 1345 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051345 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/41fa001b27a9415598ed0dc1c5266228 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1345 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2024 5, p 1345
spelling	10.3390/jcm13051345 doi (DE-627)DOAJ091253640 (DE-599)DOAJ41fa001b27a9415598ed0dc1c5266228 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Elisa Cinotti verfasserin aut Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Genital warts are the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Their clinical diagnosis is not always easy, and invasive skin biopsies for histological examination should be performed in these cases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis of genital warts and their imitators. We retrospectively evaluated dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and line-filed confocal microscopy (LC-OCT) images of nine patients with 19 warts of the mucous membranes and five patients with lesions that clinically mimic genital warts, including 12 molluscum contagiosum, 1 Fordyce’s spot and one case of multiple acquired lymphangiomas. Most genital warts (15; 79%) showed dilated vessels surrounded by a whitish halo at dermoscopy. RCM and the new device LC-OCT could identify near histologic features such as the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and enlarged vessels in all genital warts. However, the identification of koilocytes, which are the hallmark for the diagnosis of warts, was still difficult using both techniques. Non-invasive imaging techniques could also offer clues for the correct diagnosis of the imitators. This study confirmed the usefulness of dermoscopy in recognizing a precise pattern in warts and showed the potential use of RCM and LC-OCT to add additional findings to the clinical and dermoscopic examination. wart genital condyloma non-invasive imaging molluscum contagiosum Medicine R Lorenzo Barbarossa verfasserin aut Giulio Cortonesi verfasserin aut Arianna Lamberti verfasserin aut Francesca La Marca verfasserin aut Linda Tognetti verfasserin aut Pietro Rubegni verfasserin aut Jean Luc Perrot verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 13(2024), 5, p 1345 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:13 year:2024 number:5, p 1345 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051345 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/41fa001b27a9415598ed0dc1c5266228 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1345 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2024 5, p 1345
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/jcm13051345 doi (DE-627)DOAJ091253640 (DE-599)DOAJ41fa001b27a9415598ed0dc1c5266228 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Elisa Cinotti verfasserin aut Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Genital warts are the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Their clinical diagnosis is not always easy, and invasive skin biopsies for histological examination should be performed in these cases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis of genital warts and their imitators. We retrospectively evaluated dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and line-filed confocal microscopy (LC-OCT) images of nine patients with 19 warts of the mucous membranes and five patients with lesions that clinically mimic genital warts, including 12 molluscum contagiosum, 1 Fordyce’s spot and one case of multiple acquired lymphangiomas. Most genital warts (15; 79%) showed dilated vessels surrounded by a whitish halo at dermoscopy. RCM and the new device LC-OCT could identify near histologic features such as the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and enlarged vessels in all genital warts. However, the identification of koilocytes, which are the hallmark for the diagnosis of warts, was still difficult using both techniques. Non-invasive imaging techniques could also offer clues for the correct diagnosis of the imitators. This study confirmed the usefulness of dermoscopy in recognizing a precise pattern in warts and showed the potential use of RCM and LC-OCT to add additional findings to the clinical and dermoscopic examination. wart genital condyloma non-invasive imaging molluscum contagiosum Medicine R Lorenzo Barbarossa verfasserin aut Giulio Cortonesi verfasserin aut Arianna Lamberti verfasserin aut Francesca La Marca verfasserin aut Linda Tognetti verfasserin aut Pietro Rubegni verfasserin aut Jean Luc Perrot verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 13(2024), 5, p 1345 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:13 year:2024 number:5, p 1345 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051345 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/41fa001b27a9415598ed0dc1c5266228 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1345 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2024 5, p 1345
allfieldsGer	10.3390/jcm13051345 doi (DE-627)DOAJ091253640 (DE-599)DOAJ41fa001b27a9415598ed0dc1c5266228 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Elisa Cinotti verfasserin aut Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Genital warts are the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Their clinical diagnosis is not always easy, and invasive skin biopsies for histological examination should be performed in these cases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis of genital warts and their imitators. We retrospectively evaluated dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and line-filed confocal microscopy (LC-OCT) images of nine patients with 19 warts of the mucous membranes and five patients with lesions that clinically mimic genital warts, including 12 molluscum contagiosum, 1 Fordyce’s spot and one case of multiple acquired lymphangiomas. Most genital warts (15; 79%) showed dilated vessels surrounded by a whitish halo at dermoscopy. RCM and the new device LC-OCT could identify near histologic features such as the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and enlarged vessels in all genital warts. However, the identification of koilocytes, which are the hallmark for the diagnosis of warts, was still difficult using both techniques. Non-invasive imaging techniques could also offer clues for the correct diagnosis of the imitators. This study confirmed the usefulness of dermoscopy in recognizing a precise pattern in warts and showed the potential use of RCM and LC-OCT to add additional findings to the clinical and dermoscopic examination. wart genital condyloma non-invasive imaging molluscum contagiosum Medicine R Lorenzo Barbarossa verfasserin aut Giulio Cortonesi verfasserin aut Arianna Lamberti verfasserin aut Francesca La Marca verfasserin aut Linda Tognetti verfasserin aut Pietro Rubegni verfasserin aut Jean Luc Perrot verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 13(2024), 5, p 1345 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:13 year:2024 number:5, p 1345 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051345 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/41fa001b27a9415598ed0dc1c5266228 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1345 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2024 5, p 1345
allfieldsSound	10.3390/jcm13051345 doi (DE-627)DOAJ091253640 (DE-599)DOAJ41fa001b27a9415598ed0dc1c5266228 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Elisa Cinotti verfasserin aut Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Genital warts are the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Their clinical diagnosis is not always easy, and invasive skin biopsies for histological examination should be performed in these cases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis of genital warts and their imitators. We retrospectively evaluated dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and line-filed confocal microscopy (LC-OCT) images of nine patients with 19 warts of the mucous membranes and five patients with lesions that clinically mimic genital warts, including 12 molluscum contagiosum, 1 Fordyce’s spot and one case of multiple acquired lymphangiomas. Most genital warts (15; 79%) showed dilated vessels surrounded by a whitish halo at dermoscopy. RCM and the new device LC-OCT could identify near histologic features such as the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and enlarged vessels in all genital warts. However, the identification of koilocytes, which are the hallmark for the diagnosis of warts, was still difficult using both techniques. Non-invasive imaging techniques could also offer clues for the correct diagnosis of the imitators. This study confirmed the usefulness of dermoscopy in recognizing a precise pattern in warts and showed the potential use of RCM and LC-OCT to add additional findings to the clinical and dermoscopic examination. wart genital condyloma non-invasive imaging molluscum contagiosum Medicine R Lorenzo Barbarossa verfasserin aut Giulio Cortonesi verfasserin aut Arianna Lamberti verfasserin aut Francesca La Marca verfasserin aut Linda Tognetti verfasserin aut Pietro Rubegni verfasserin aut Jean Luc Perrot verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 13(2024), 5, p 1345 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:13 year:2024 number:5, p 1345 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051345 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/41fa001b27a9415598ed0dc1c5266228 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1345 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2024 5, p 1345
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author	Elisa Cinotti
spellingShingle	Elisa Cinotti misc wart misc genital misc condyloma misc non-invasive misc imaging misc molluscum contagiosum misc Medicine misc R Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators
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topic_title	Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators wart genital condyloma non-invasive imaging molluscum contagiosum
topic	misc wart misc genital misc condyloma misc non-invasive misc imaging misc molluscum contagiosum misc Medicine misc R
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title	Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators
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title_full	Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators
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title_sort	non-invasive imaging for the diagnosis of genital warts and their imitators
title_auth	Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators
abstract	Genital warts are the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Their clinical diagnosis is not always easy, and invasive skin biopsies for histological examination should be performed in these cases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis of genital warts and their imitators. We retrospectively evaluated dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and line-filed confocal microscopy (LC-OCT) images of nine patients with 19 warts of the mucous membranes and five patients with lesions that clinically mimic genital warts, including 12 molluscum contagiosum, 1 Fordyce’s spot and one case of multiple acquired lymphangiomas. Most genital warts (15; 79%) showed dilated vessels surrounded by a whitish halo at dermoscopy. RCM and the new device LC-OCT could identify near histologic features such as the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and enlarged vessels in all genital warts. However, the identification of koilocytes, which are the hallmark for the diagnosis of warts, was still difficult using both techniques. Non-invasive imaging techniques could also offer clues for the correct diagnosis of the imitators. This study confirmed the usefulness of dermoscopy in recognizing a precise pattern in warts and showed the potential use of RCM and LC-OCT to add additional findings to the clinical and dermoscopic examination.
abstractGer	Genital warts are the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Their clinical diagnosis is not always easy, and invasive skin biopsies for histological examination should be performed in these cases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis of genital warts and their imitators. We retrospectively evaluated dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and line-filed confocal microscopy (LC-OCT) images of nine patients with 19 warts of the mucous membranes and five patients with lesions that clinically mimic genital warts, including 12 molluscum contagiosum, 1 Fordyce’s spot and one case of multiple acquired lymphangiomas. Most genital warts (15; 79%) showed dilated vessels surrounded by a whitish halo at dermoscopy. RCM and the new device LC-OCT could identify near histologic features such as the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and enlarged vessels in all genital warts. However, the identification of koilocytes, which are the hallmark for the diagnosis of warts, was still difficult using both techniques. Non-invasive imaging techniques could also offer clues for the correct diagnosis of the imitators. This study confirmed the usefulness of dermoscopy in recognizing a precise pattern in warts and showed the potential use of RCM and LC-OCT to add additional findings to the clinical and dermoscopic examination.
abstract_unstemmed	Genital warts are the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Their clinical diagnosis is not always easy, and invasive skin biopsies for histological examination should be performed in these cases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis of genital warts and their imitators. We retrospectively evaluated dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and line-filed confocal microscopy (LC-OCT) images of nine patients with 19 warts of the mucous membranes and five patients with lesions that clinically mimic genital warts, including 12 molluscum contagiosum, 1 Fordyce’s spot and one case of multiple acquired lymphangiomas. Most genital warts (15; 79%) showed dilated vessels surrounded by a whitish halo at dermoscopy. RCM and the new device LC-OCT could identify near histologic features such as the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and enlarged vessels in all genital warts. However, the identification of koilocytes, which are the hallmark for the diagnosis of warts, was still difficult using both techniques. Non-invasive imaging techniques could also offer clues for the correct diagnosis of the imitators. This study confirmed the usefulness of dermoscopy in recognizing a precise pattern in warts and showed the potential use of RCM and LC-OCT to add additional findings to the clinical and dermoscopic examination.
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title_short	Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators
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author2	Lorenzo Barbarossa Giulio Cortonesi Arianna Lamberti Francesca La Marca Linda Tognetti Pietro Rubegni Jean Luc Perrot
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Non-Invasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Genital Warts and Their Imitators

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