Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization

BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Chaofan Qin [verfasserIn] Qingshuai Yu [verfasserIn] Zhongliang Deng [verfasserIn] You Zhang [verfasserIn] Mingxin Chen [verfasserIn] Xin Wang [verfasserIn] Tao Hu [verfasserIn] Bo Lei [verfasserIn] Zhengjian Yan [verfasserIn] Si Cheng [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	immune cells ankylosing spondylitis multivariable Mendelian randomization univariable Mendelian randomization bidirectional Mendelian randomization

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Immunology - Frontiers Media S.A., 2011, 15(2024)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:15 ; year:2024

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ091510139

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520			\|a BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration.
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allfields	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 doi (DE-627)DOAJ091510139 (DE-599)DOAJ3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC581-607 Chaofan Qin verfasserin aut Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration. immune cells ankylosing spondylitis multivariable Mendelian randomization univariable Mendelian randomization bidirectional Mendelian randomization Immunologic diseases. Allergy Qingshuai Yu verfasserin aut Zhongliang Deng verfasserin aut You Zhang verfasserin aut Mingxin Chen verfasserin aut Xin Wang verfasserin aut Tao Hu verfasserin aut Bo Lei verfasserin aut Zhengjian Yan verfasserin aut Si Cheng verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 15(2024) (DE-627)657998354 (DE-600)2606827-8 16643224 nnns volume:15 year:2024 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2024
spelling	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 doi (DE-627)DOAJ091510139 (DE-599)DOAJ3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC581-607 Chaofan Qin verfasserin aut Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration. immune cells ankylosing spondylitis multivariable Mendelian randomization univariable Mendelian randomization bidirectional Mendelian randomization Immunologic diseases. Allergy Qingshuai Yu verfasserin aut Zhongliang Deng verfasserin aut You Zhang verfasserin aut Mingxin Chen verfasserin aut Xin Wang verfasserin aut Tao Hu verfasserin aut Bo Lei verfasserin aut Zhengjian Yan verfasserin aut Si Cheng verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 15(2024) (DE-627)657998354 (DE-600)2606827-8 16643224 nnns volume:15 year:2024 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2024
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 doi (DE-627)DOAJ091510139 (DE-599)DOAJ3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC581-607 Chaofan Qin verfasserin aut Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration. immune cells ankylosing spondylitis multivariable Mendelian randomization univariable Mendelian randomization bidirectional Mendelian randomization Immunologic diseases. Allergy Qingshuai Yu verfasserin aut Zhongliang Deng verfasserin aut You Zhang verfasserin aut Mingxin Chen verfasserin aut Xin Wang verfasserin aut Tao Hu verfasserin aut Bo Lei verfasserin aut Zhengjian Yan verfasserin aut Si Cheng verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 15(2024) (DE-627)657998354 (DE-600)2606827-8 16643224 nnns volume:15 year:2024 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2024
allfieldsGer	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 doi (DE-627)DOAJ091510139 (DE-599)DOAJ3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC581-607 Chaofan Qin verfasserin aut Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration. immune cells ankylosing spondylitis multivariable Mendelian randomization univariable Mendelian randomization bidirectional Mendelian randomization Immunologic diseases. Allergy Qingshuai Yu verfasserin aut Zhongliang Deng verfasserin aut You Zhang verfasserin aut Mingxin Chen verfasserin aut Xin Wang verfasserin aut Tao Hu verfasserin aut Bo Lei verfasserin aut Zhengjian Yan verfasserin aut Si Cheng verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 15(2024) (DE-627)657998354 (DE-600)2606827-8 16643224 nnns volume:15 year:2024 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2024
allfieldsSound	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 doi (DE-627)DOAJ091510139 (DE-599)DOAJ3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC581-607 Chaofan Qin verfasserin aut Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration. immune cells ankylosing spondylitis multivariable Mendelian randomization univariable Mendelian randomization bidirectional Mendelian randomization Immunologic diseases. Allergy Qingshuai Yu verfasserin aut Zhongliang Deng verfasserin aut You Zhang verfasserin aut Mingxin Chen verfasserin aut Xin Wang verfasserin aut Tao Hu verfasserin aut Bo Lei verfasserin aut Zhengjian Yan verfasserin aut Si Cheng verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 15(2024) (DE-627)657998354 (DE-600)2606827-8 16643224 nnns volume:15 year:2024 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2024
language	English
source	In Frontiers in Immunology 15(2024) volume:15 year:2024
sourceStr	In Frontiers in Immunology 15(2024) volume:15 year:2024
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	immune cells ankylosing spondylitis multivariable Mendelian randomization univariable Mendelian randomization bidirectional Mendelian randomization Immunologic diseases. Allergy
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Frontiers in Immunology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Chaofan Qin @@aut@@ Qingshuai Yu @@aut@@ Zhongliang Deng @@aut@@ You Zhang @@aut@@ Mingxin Chen @@aut@@ Xin Wang @@aut@@ Tao Hu @@aut@@ Bo Lei @@aut@@ Zhengjian Yan @@aut@@ Si Cheng @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	657998354
id	DOAJ091510139
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ091510139</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240412094135.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">240412s2024 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ091510139</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJ3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">RC581-607</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chaofan Qin</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2024</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p &lt; 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. 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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Chaofan Qin
spellingShingle	Chaofan Qin misc RC581-607 misc immune cells misc ankylosing spondylitis misc multivariable Mendelian randomization misc univariable Mendelian randomization misc bidirectional Mendelian randomization misc Immunologic diseases. Allergy Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization
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topic_title	RC581-607 Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization immune cells ankylosing spondylitis multivariable Mendelian randomization univariable Mendelian randomization bidirectional Mendelian randomization
topic	misc RC581-607 misc immune cells misc ankylosing spondylitis misc multivariable Mendelian randomization misc univariable Mendelian randomization misc bidirectional Mendelian randomization misc Immunologic diseases. Allergy
topic_unstemmed	misc RC581-607 misc immune cells misc ankylosing spondylitis misc multivariable Mendelian randomization misc univariable Mendelian randomization misc bidirectional Mendelian randomization misc Immunologic diseases. Allergy
topic_browse	misc RC581-607 misc immune cells misc ankylosing spondylitis misc multivariable Mendelian randomization misc univariable Mendelian randomization misc bidirectional Mendelian randomization misc Immunologic diseases. Allergy
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title	Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization
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title_full	Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization
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author_browse	Chaofan Qin Qingshuai Yu Zhongliang Deng You Zhang Mingxin Chen Xin Wang Tao Hu Bo Lei Zhengjian Yan Si Cheng
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title_sort	causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable mendelian randomization
callnumber	RC581-607
title_auth	Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization
abstract	BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration.
abstractGer	BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration.
abstract_unstemmed	BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored.MethodsWe chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran’s Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells.ResultsOverall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E−05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E−05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289–4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E−06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260–0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E−06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210–0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable.ConclusionsOur findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration.
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title_short	Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization
url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416 https://doaj.org/article/3efe2d9f0a404942a8ecd6f185e9c6b2 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224
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Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization

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