Transposable elements potentiate radiotherapy-induced cellular immune reactions via RIG-I-mediated virus-sensing pathways
Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular im...
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| Autor*in: |
Junyan Du [verfasserIn] Shun-Ichiro Kageyama [verfasserIn] Riu Yamashita [verfasserIn] Kosuke Tanaka [verfasserIn] Masayuki Okumura [verfasserIn] Atsushi Motegi [verfasserIn] Hidehiro Hojo [verfasserIn] Masaki Nakamura [verfasserIn] Hidenari Hirata [verfasserIn] Hironori Sunakawa [verfasserIn] Daisuke Kotani [verfasserIn] Tomonori Yano [verfasserIn] Takashi Kojima [verfasserIn] Yamato Hamaya [verfasserIn] Motohiro Kojima [verfasserIn] Yuka Nakamura [verfasserIn] Ayako Suzuki [verfasserIn] Yutaka Suzuki [verfasserIn] Katsuya Tsuchihara [verfasserIn] Tetsuo Akimoto [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Communications Biology - Nature Portfolio, 2018, 6(2023), 1, Seite 13 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:6 ; year:2023 ; number:1 ; pages:13 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ092878865 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular immune response in NSCLC and ESCC cell lines. Notably, transposable elements (TEs), especially long terminal repeats (LTRs), functioned as key ligands for the RNA virus sensor RIG-I, and the mTOR–LTR–RIG-I axis induced the cellular immune response and dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration after irradiation. Moreover, RIG-I-dependent immune activation was observed in ESCC patient tissue. scRNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced the expression of LTRs, and the RNA virus sensor pathway in immune and cancer cells; this pathway was also found to mediate tumour conversion to an immunological hot state. Here, we report the upstream and ligand of the RNA virus sensor pathway functions in irradiated cancer tissues. | ||
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10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x doi (DE-627)DOAJ092878865 (DE-599)DOAJ2c635e8b72ff436290dfe707e7042414 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Junyan Du verfasserin aut Transposable elements potentiate radiotherapy-induced cellular immune reactions via RIG-I-mediated virus-sensing pathways 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular immune response in NSCLC and ESCC cell lines. Notably, transposable elements (TEs), especially long terminal repeats (LTRs), functioned as key ligands for the RNA virus sensor RIG-I, and the mTOR–LTR–RIG-I axis induced the cellular immune response and dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration after irradiation. Moreover, RIG-I-dependent immune activation was observed in ESCC patient tissue. scRNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced the expression of LTRs, and the RNA virus sensor pathway in immune and cancer cells; this pathway was also found to mediate tumour conversion to an immunological hot state. Here, we report the upstream and ligand of the RNA virus sensor pathway functions in irradiated cancer tissues. Biology (General) Shun-Ichiro Kageyama verfasserin aut Riu Yamashita verfasserin aut Kosuke Tanaka verfasserin aut Masayuki Okumura verfasserin aut Atsushi Motegi verfasserin aut Hidehiro Hojo verfasserin aut Masaki Nakamura verfasserin aut Hidenari Hirata verfasserin aut Hironori Sunakawa verfasserin aut Daisuke Kotani verfasserin aut Tomonori Yano verfasserin aut Takashi Kojima verfasserin aut Yamato Hamaya verfasserin aut Motohiro Kojima verfasserin aut Yuka Nakamura verfasserin aut Ayako Suzuki verfasserin aut Yutaka Suzuki verfasserin aut Katsuya Tsuchihara verfasserin aut Tetsuo Akimoto verfasserin aut In Communications Biology Nature Portfolio, 2018 6(2023), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)101369080X 23993642 nnns volume:6 year:2023 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2c635e8b72ff436290dfe707e7042414 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2399-3642 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023 1 13 |
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10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x doi (DE-627)DOAJ092878865 (DE-599)DOAJ2c635e8b72ff436290dfe707e7042414 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Junyan Du verfasserin aut Transposable elements potentiate radiotherapy-induced cellular immune reactions via RIG-I-mediated virus-sensing pathways 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular immune response in NSCLC and ESCC cell lines. Notably, transposable elements (TEs), especially long terminal repeats (LTRs), functioned as key ligands for the RNA virus sensor RIG-I, and the mTOR–LTR–RIG-I axis induced the cellular immune response and dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration after irradiation. Moreover, RIG-I-dependent immune activation was observed in ESCC patient tissue. scRNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced the expression of LTRs, and the RNA virus sensor pathway in immune and cancer cells; this pathway was also found to mediate tumour conversion to an immunological hot state. Here, we report the upstream and ligand of the RNA virus sensor pathway functions in irradiated cancer tissues. Biology (General) Shun-Ichiro Kageyama verfasserin aut Riu Yamashita verfasserin aut Kosuke Tanaka verfasserin aut Masayuki Okumura verfasserin aut Atsushi Motegi verfasserin aut Hidehiro Hojo verfasserin aut Masaki Nakamura verfasserin aut Hidenari Hirata verfasserin aut Hironori Sunakawa verfasserin aut Daisuke Kotani verfasserin aut Tomonori Yano verfasserin aut Takashi Kojima verfasserin aut Yamato Hamaya verfasserin aut Motohiro Kojima verfasserin aut Yuka Nakamura verfasserin aut Ayako Suzuki verfasserin aut Yutaka Suzuki verfasserin aut Katsuya Tsuchihara verfasserin aut Tetsuo Akimoto verfasserin aut In Communications Biology Nature Portfolio, 2018 6(2023), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)101369080X 23993642 nnns volume:6 year:2023 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2c635e8b72ff436290dfe707e7042414 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2399-3642 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023 1 13 |
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10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x doi (DE-627)DOAJ092878865 (DE-599)DOAJ2c635e8b72ff436290dfe707e7042414 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Junyan Du verfasserin aut Transposable elements potentiate radiotherapy-induced cellular immune reactions via RIG-I-mediated virus-sensing pathways 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular immune response in NSCLC and ESCC cell lines. Notably, transposable elements (TEs), especially long terminal repeats (LTRs), functioned as key ligands for the RNA virus sensor RIG-I, and the mTOR–LTR–RIG-I axis induced the cellular immune response and dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration after irradiation. Moreover, RIG-I-dependent immune activation was observed in ESCC patient tissue. scRNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced the expression of LTRs, and the RNA virus sensor pathway in immune and cancer cells; this pathway was also found to mediate tumour conversion to an immunological hot state. Here, we report the upstream and ligand of the RNA virus sensor pathway functions in irradiated cancer tissues. Biology (General) Shun-Ichiro Kageyama verfasserin aut Riu Yamashita verfasserin aut Kosuke Tanaka verfasserin aut Masayuki Okumura verfasserin aut Atsushi Motegi verfasserin aut Hidehiro Hojo verfasserin aut Masaki Nakamura verfasserin aut Hidenari Hirata verfasserin aut Hironori Sunakawa verfasserin aut Daisuke Kotani verfasserin aut Tomonori Yano verfasserin aut Takashi Kojima verfasserin aut Yamato Hamaya verfasserin aut Motohiro Kojima verfasserin aut Yuka Nakamura verfasserin aut Ayako Suzuki verfasserin aut Yutaka Suzuki verfasserin aut Katsuya Tsuchihara verfasserin aut Tetsuo Akimoto verfasserin aut In Communications Biology Nature Portfolio, 2018 6(2023), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)101369080X 23993642 nnns volume:6 year:2023 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2c635e8b72ff436290dfe707e7042414 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2399-3642 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023 1 13 |
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10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x doi (DE-627)DOAJ092878865 (DE-599)DOAJ2c635e8b72ff436290dfe707e7042414 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Junyan Du verfasserin aut Transposable elements potentiate radiotherapy-induced cellular immune reactions via RIG-I-mediated virus-sensing pathways 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular immune response in NSCLC and ESCC cell lines. Notably, transposable elements (TEs), especially long terminal repeats (LTRs), functioned as key ligands for the RNA virus sensor RIG-I, and the mTOR–LTR–RIG-I axis induced the cellular immune response and dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration after irradiation. Moreover, RIG-I-dependent immune activation was observed in ESCC patient tissue. scRNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced the expression of LTRs, and the RNA virus sensor pathway in immune and cancer cells; this pathway was also found to mediate tumour conversion to an immunological hot state. Here, we report the upstream and ligand of the RNA virus sensor pathway functions in irradiated cancer tissues. Biology (General) Shun-Ichiro Kageyama verfasserin aut Riu Yamashita verfasserin aut Kosuke Tanaka verfasserin aut Masayuki Okumura verfasserin aut Atsushi Motegi verfasserin aut Hidehiro Hojo verfasserin aut Masaki Nakamura verfasserin aut Hidenari Hirata verfasserin aut Hironori Sunakawa verfasserin aut Daisuke Kotani verfasserin aut Tomonori Yano verfasserin aut Takashi Kojima verfasserin aut Yamato Hamaya verfasserin aut Motohiro Kojima verfasserin aut Yuka Nakamura verfasserin aut Ayako Suzuki verfasserin aut Yutaka Suzuki verfasserin aut Katsuya Tsuchihara verfasserin aut Tetsuo Akimoto verfasserin aut In Communications Biology Nature Portfolio, 2018 6(2023), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)101369080X 23993642 nnns volume:6 year:2023 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2c635e8b72ff436290dfe707e7042414 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2399-3642 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023 1 13 |
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10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x doi (DE-627)DOAJ092878865 (DE-599)DOAJ2c635e8b72ff436290dfe707e7042414 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Junyan Du verfasserin aut Transposable elements potentiate radiotherapy-induced cellular immune reactions via RIG-I-mediated virus-sensing pathways 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular immune response in NSCLC and ESCC cell lines. Notably, transposable elements (TEs), especially long terminal repeats (LTRs), functioned as key ligands for the RNA virus sensor RIG-I, and the mTOR–LTR–RIG-I axis induced the cellular immune response and dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration after irradiation. Moreover, RIG-I-dependent immune activation was observed in ESCC patient tissue. scRNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced the expression of LTRs, and the RNA virus sensor pathway in immune and cancer cells; this pathway was also found to mediate tumour conversion to an immunological hot state. Here, we report the upstream and ligand of the RNA virus sensor pathway functions in irradiated cancer tissues. Biology (General) Shun-Ichiro Kageyama verfasserin aut Riu Yamashita verfasserin aut Kosuke Tanaka verfasserin aut Masayuki Okumura verfasserin aut Atsushi Motegi verfasserin aut Hidehiro Hojo verfasserin aut Masaki Nakamura verfasserin aut Hidenari Hirata verfasserin aut Hironori Sunakawa verfasserin aut Daisuke Kotani verfasserin aut Tomonori Yano verfasserin aut Takashi Kojima verfasserin aut Yamato Hamaya verfasserin aut Motohiro Kojima verfasserin aut Yuka Nakamura verfasserin aut Ayako Suzuki verfasserin aut Yutaka Suzuki verfasserin aut Katsuya Tsuchihara verfasserin aut Tetsuo Akimoto verfasserin aut In Communications Biology Nature Portfolio, 2018 6(2023), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)101369080X 23993642 nnns volume:6 year:2023 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2c635e8b72ff436290dfe707e7042414 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05080-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2399-3642 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023 1 13 |
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Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular immune response in NSCLC and ESCC cell lines. Notably, transposable elements (TEs), especially long terminal repeats (LTRs), functioned as key ligands for the RNA virus sensor RIG-I, and the mTOR–LTR–RIG-I axis induced the cellular immune response and dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration after irradiation. Moreover, RIG-I-dependent immune activation was observed in ESCC patient tissue. scRNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced the expression of LTRs, and the RNA virus sensor pathway in immune and cancer cells; this pathway was also found to mediate tumour conversion to an immunological hot state. Here, we report the upstream and ligand of the RNA virus sensor pathway functions in irradiated cancer tissues. |
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Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular immune response in NSCLC and ESCC cell lines. Notably, transposable elements (TEs), especially long terminal repeats (LTRs), functioned as key ligands for the RNA virus sensor RIG-I, and the mTOR–LTR–RIG-I axis induced the cellular immune response and dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration after irradiation. Moreover, RIG-I-dependent immune activation was observed in ESCC patient tissue. scRNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced the expression of LTRs, and the RNA virus sensor pathway in immune and cancer cells; this pathway was also found to mediate tumour conversion to an immunological hot state. Here, we report the upstream and ligand of the RNA virus sensor pathway functions in irradiated cancer tissues. |
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Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular immune response in NSCLC and ESCC cell lines. Notably, transposable elements (TEs), especially long terminal repeats (LTRs), functioned as key ligands for the RNA virus sensor RIG-I, and the mTOR–LTR–RIG-I axis induced the cellular immune response and dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration after irradiation. Moreover, RIG-I-dependent immune activation was observed in ESCC patient tissue. scRNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced the expression of LTRs, and the RNA virus sensor pathway in immune and cancer cells; this pathway was also found to mediate tumour conversion to an immunological hot state. Here, we report the upstream and ligand of the RNA virus sensor pathway functions in irradiated cancer tissues. |
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