Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells

The purpose of this study was to confirm the antiproliferative and apoptotic induction potential of a saccharin and caffeine combination in ovarian cancer cells. The cell line used was Ovcar-3, and the cell viability was measured through a WST-8 assay, while a Chou–Talalay assay was used to confirm...
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Autor*in:	Sun Ju Lee [verfasserIn] Sang-Yong Park [verfasserIn] Subin Bak [verfasserIn] Min-Woo Lee [verfasserIn] Dae Jin Lim [verfasserIn] Hyeong-Dong Kim [verfasserIn] Dong-Gil Kim [verfasserIn] Suhng Wook Kim [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Ovcar-3 cell saccharin caffeine synergistic effect

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences - MDPI AG, 2003, 24(2023), 14445, p 14445
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:24 ; year:2023 ; number:14445, p 14445

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ijms241914445

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ093228708

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allfields	10.3390/ijms241914445 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093228708 (DE-599)DOAJd17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Sun Ju Lee verfasserin aut Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The purpose of this study was to confirm the antiproliferative and apoptotic induction potential of a saccharin and caffeine combination in ovarian cancer cells. The cell line used was Ovcar-3, and the cell viability was measured through a WST-8 assay, while a Chou–Talalay assay was used to confirm the synergistic effect of saccharin and caffeine on the ovarian cancer cells. A clonogenic assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the expression of genes that induce colony formation, cell viability, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells treated with the saccharin–caffeine combination. It was demonstrated that both saccharin and caffeine decreased the viability of Ovcar-3 cells, and the cell viability decreased even more significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of saccharin and caffeine. The clonogenic assay results showed that the number of colonies decreased the most when saccharin and caffeine were combined, and the number of colonies also significantly decreased compared to the single-treatment groups. Based on flow cytometry analysis using annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, it was confirmed that the decrease in cell viability caused by the combination of saccharin and caffeine was correlated with the induction of apoptosis. The results of the RT-PCR confirmed that the combined treatment of saccharin and caffeine promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes. These results demonstrate that the combination of saccharin and caffeine more efficiently inhibits the proliferation of Ovcar-3 cells and induces apoptosis in vitro. Ovcar-3 cell saccharin caffeine synergistic effect Biology (General) Chemistry Sang-Yong Park verfasserin aut Subin Bak verfasserin aut Min-Woo Lee verfasserin aut Dae Jin Lim verfasserin aut Hyeong-Dong Kim verfasserin aut Dong-Gil Kim verfasserin aut Suhng Wook Kim verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 24(2023), 14445, p 14445 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:24 year:2023 number:14445, p 14445 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914445 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14445 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 24 2023 14445, p 14445
spelling	10.3390/ijms241914445 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093228708 (DE-599)DOAJd17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Sun Ju Lee verfasserin aut Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The purpose of this study was to confirm the antiproliferative and apoptotic induction potential of a saccharin and caffeine combination in ovarian cancer cells. The cell line used was Ovcar-3, and the cell viability was measured through a WST-8 assay, while a Chou–Talalay assay was used to confirm the synergistic effect of saccharin and caffeine on the ovarian cancer cells. A clonogenic assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the expression of genes that induce colony formation, cell viability, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells treated with the saccharin–caffeine combination. It was demonstrated that both saccharin and caffeine decreased the viability of Ovcar-3 cells, and the cell viability decreased even more significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of saccharin and caffeine. The clonogenic assay results showed that the number of colonies decreased the most when saccharin and caffeine were combined, and the number of colonies also significantly decreased compared to the single-treatment groups. Based on flow cytometry analysis using annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, it was confirmed that the decrease in cell viability caused by the combination of saccharin and caffeine was correlated with the induction of apoptosis. The results of the RT-PCR confirmed that the combined treatment of saccharin and caffeine promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes. These results demonstrate that the combination of saccharin and caffeine more efficiently inhibits the proliferation of Ovcar-3 cells and induces apoptosis in vitro. Ovcar-3 cell saccharin caffeine synergistic effect Biology (General) Chemistry Sang-Yong Park verfasserin aut Subin Bak verfasserin aut Min-Woo Lee verfasserin aut Dae Jin Lim verfasserin aut Hyeong-Dong Kim verfasserin aut Dong-Gil Kim verfasserin aut Suhng Wook Kim verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 24(2023), 14445, p 14445 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:24 year:2023 number:14445, p 14445 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914445 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14445 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 24 2023 14445, p 14445
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/ijms241914445 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093228708 (DE-599)DOAJd17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Sun Ju Lee verfasserin aut Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The purpose of this study was to confirm the antiproliferative and apoptotic induction potential of a saccharin and caffeine combination in ovarian cancer cells. The cell line used was Ovcar-3, and the cell viability was measured through a WST-8 assay, while a Chou–Talalay assay was used to confirm the synergistic effect of saccharin and caffeine on the ovarian cancer cells. A clonogenic assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the expression of genes that induce colony formation, cell viability, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells treated with the saccharin–caffeine combination. It was demonstrated that both saccharin and caffeine decreased the viability of Ovcar-3 cells, and the cell viability decreased even more significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of saccharin and caffeine. The clonogenic assay results showed that the number of colonies decreased the most when saccharin and caffeine were combined, and the number of colonies also significantly decreased compared to the single-treatment groups. Based on flow cytometry analysis using annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, it was confirmed that the decrease in cell viability caused by the combination of saccharin and caffeine was correlated with the induction of apoptosis. The results of the RT-PCR confirmed that the combined treatment of saccharin and caffeine promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes. These results demonstrate that the combination of saccharin and caffeine more efficiently inhibits the proliferation of Ovcar-3 cells and induces apoptosis in vitro. Ovcar-3 cell saccharin caffeine synergistic effect Biology (General) Chemistry Sang-Yong Park verfasserin aut Subin Bak verfasserin aut Min-Woo Lee verfasserin aut Dae Jin Lim verfasserin aut Hyeong-Dong Kim verfasserin aut Dong-Gil Kim verfasserin aut Suhng Wook Kim verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 24(2023), 14445, p 14445 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:24 year:2023 number:14445, p 14445 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914445 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14445 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 24 2023 14445, p 14445
allfieldsGer	10.3390/ijms241914445 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093228708 (DE-599)DOAJd17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Sun Ju Lee verfasserin aut Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The purpose of this study was to confirm the antiproliferative and apoptotic induction potential of a saccharin and caffeine combination in ovarian cancer cells. The cell line used was Ovcar-3, and the cell viability was measured through a WST-8 assay, while a Chou–Talalay assay was used to confirm the synergistic effect of saccharin and caffeine on the ovarian cancer cells. A clonogenic assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the expression of genes that induce colony formation, cell viability, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells treated with the saccharin–caffeine combination. It was demonstrated that both saccharin and caffeine decreased the viability of Ovcar-3 cells, and the cell viability decreased even more significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of saccharin and caffeine. The clonogenic assay results showed that the number of colonies decreased the most when saccharin and caffeine were combined, and the number of colonies also significantly decreased compared to the single-treatment groups. Based on flow cytometry analysis using annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, it was confirmed that the decrease in cell viability caused by the combination of saccharin and caffeine was correlated with the induction of apoptosis. The results of the RT-PCR confirmed that the combined treatment of saccharin and caffeine promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes. These results demonstrate that the combination of saccharin and caffeine more efficiently inhibits the proliferation of Ovcar-3 cells and induces apoptosis in vitro. Ovcar-3 cell saccharin caffeine synergistic effect Biology (General) Chemistry Sang-Yong Park verfasserin aut Subin Bak verfasserin aut Min-Woo Lee verfasserin aut Dae Jin Lim verfasserin aut Hyeong-Dong Kim verfasserin aut Dong-Gil Kim verfasserin aut Suhng Wook Kim verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 24(2023), 14445, p 14445 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:24 year:2023 number:14445, p 14445 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914445 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14445 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 24 2023 14445, p 14445
allfieldsSound	10.3390/ijms241914445 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093228708 (DE-599)DOAJd17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Sun Ju Lee verfasserin aut Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The purpose of this study was to confirm the antiproliferative and apoptotic induction potential of a saccharin and caffeine combination in ovarian cancer cells. The cell line used was Ovcar-3, and the cell viability was measured through a WST-8 assay, while a Chou–Talalay assay was used to confirm the synergistic effect of saccharin and caffeine on the ovarian cancer cells. A clonogenic assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the expression of genes that induce colony formation, cell viability, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells treated with the saccharin–caffeine combination. It was demonstrated that both saccharin and caffeine decreased the viability of Ovcar-3 cells, and the cell viability decreased even more significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of saccharin and caffeine. The clonogenic assay results showed that the number of colonies decreased the most when saccharin and caffeine were combined, and the number of colonies also significantly decreased compared to the single-treatment groups. Based on flow cytometry analysis using annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, it was confirmed that the decrease in cell viability caused by the combination of saccharin and caffeine was correlated with the induction of apoptosis. The results of the RT-PCR confirmed that the combined treatment of saccharin and caffeine promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes. These results demonstrate that the combination of saccharin and caffeine more efficiently inhibits the proliferation of Ovcar-3 cells and induces apoptosis in vitro. Ovcar-3 cell saccharin caffeine synergistic effect Biology (General) Chemistry Sang-Yong Park verfasserin aut Subin Bak verfasserin aut Min-Woo Lee verfasserin aut Dae Jin Lim verfasserin aut Hyeong-Dong Kim verfasserin aut Dong-Gil Kim verfasserin aut Suhng Wook Kim verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 24(2023), 14445, p 14445 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:24 year:2023 number:14445, p 14445 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914445 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14445 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 24 2023 14445, p 14445
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source	In International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(2023), 14445, p 14445 volume:24 year:2023 number:14445, p 14445
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells Ovcar-3 cell saccharin caffeine synergistic effect
topic	misc QH301-705.5 misc QD1-999 misc Ovcar-3 cell misc saccharin misc caffeine misc synergistic effect misc Biology (General) misc Chemistry
topic_unstemmed	misc QH301-705.5 misc QD1-999 misc Ovcar-3 cell misc saccharin misc caffeine misc synergistic effect misc Biology (General) misc Chemistry
topic_browse	misc QH301-705.5 misc QD1-999 misc Ovcar-3 cell misc saccharin misc caffeine misc synergistic effect misc Biology (General) misc Chemistry
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title	Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ093228708 (DE-599)DOAJd17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b
title_full	Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells
author_sort	Sun Ju Lee
journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
journalStr	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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author_browse	Sun Ju Lee Sang-Yong Park Subin Bak Min-Woo Lee Dae Jin Lim Hyeong-Dong Kim Dong-Gil Kim Suhng Wook Kim
container_volume	24
class	QH301-705.5 QD1-999
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author-letter	Sun Ju Lee
doi_str_mv	10.3390/ijms241914445
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	synergistic effect of saccharin and caffeine on antiproliferative activity in human ovarian carcinoma ovcar-3 cells
callnumber	QH301-705.5
title_auth	Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells
abstract	The purpose of this study was to confirm the antiproliferative and apoptotic induction potential of a saccharin and caffeine combination in ovarian cancer cells. The cell line used was Ovcar-3, and the cell viability was measured through a WST-8 assay, while a Chou–Talalay assay was used to confirm the synergistic effect of saccharin and caffeine on the ovarian cancer cells. A clonogenic assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the expression of genes that induce colony formation, cell viability, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells treated with the saccharin–caffeine combination. It was demonstrated that both saccharin and caffeine decreased the viability of Ovcar-3 cells, and the cell viability decreased even more significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of saccharin and caffeine. The clonogenic assay results showed that the number of colonies decreased the most when saccharin and caffeine were combined, and the number of colonies also significantly decreased compared to the single-treatment groups. Based on flow cytometry analysis using annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, it was confirmed that the decrease in cell viability caused by the combination of saccharin and caffeine was correlated with the induction of apoptosis. The results of the RT-PCR confirmed that the combined treatment of saccharin and caffeine promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes. These results demonstrate that the combination of saccharin and caffeine more efficiently inhibits the proliferation of Ovcar-3 cells and induces apoptosis in vitro.
abstractGer	The purpose of this study was to confirm the antiproliferative and apoptotic induction potential of a saccharin and caffeine combination in ovarian cancer cells. The cell line used was Ovcar-3, and the cell viability was measured through a WST-8 assay, while a Chou–Talalay assay was used to confirm the synergistic effect of saccharin and caffeine on the ovarian cancer cells. A clonogenic assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the expression of genes that induce colony formation, cell viability, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells treated with the saccharin–caffeine combination. It was demonstrated that both saccharin and caffeine decreased the viability of Ovcar-3 cells, and the cell viability decreased even more significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of saccharin and caffeine. The clonogenic assay results showed that the number of colonies decreased the most when saccharin and caffeine were combined, and the number of colonies also significantly decreased compared to the single-treatment groups. Based on flow cytometry analysis using annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, it was confirmed that the decrease in cell viability caused by the combination of saccharin and caffeine was correlated with the induction of apoptosis. The results of the RT-PCR confirmed that the combined treatment of saccharin and caffeine promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes. These results demonstrate that the combination of saccharin and caffeine more efficiently inhibits the proliferation of Ovcar-3 cells and induces apoptosis in vitro.
abstract_unstemmed	The purpose of this study was to confirm the antiproliferative and apoptotic induction potential of a saccharin and caffeine combination in ovarian cancer cells. The cell line used was Ovcar-3, and the cell viability was measured through a WST-8 assay, while a Chou–Talalay assay was used to confirm the synergistic effect of saccharin and caffeine on the ovarian cancer cells. A clonogenic assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the expression of genes that induce colony formation, cell viability, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells treated with the saccharin–caffeine combination. It was demonstrated that both saccharin and caffeine decreased the viability of Ovcar-3 cells, and the cell viability decreased even more significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of saccharin and caffeine. The clonogenic assay results showed that the number of colonies decreased the most when saccharin and caffeine were combined, and the number of colonies also significantly decreased compared to the single-treatment groups. Based on flow cytometry analysis using annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, it was confirmed that the decrease in cell viability caused by the combination of saccharin and caffeine was correlated with the induction of apoptosis. The results of the RT-PCR confirmed that the combined treatment of saccharin and caffeine promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes. These results demonstrate that the combination of saccharin and caffeine more efficiently inhibits the proliferation of Ovcar-3 cells and induces apoptosis in vitro.
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container_issue	14445, p 14445
title_short	Synergistic Effect of Saccharin and Caffeine on Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Ovcar-3 Cells
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914445 https://doaj.org/article/d17612d12b1c4e5bb063542dacfa240b https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14445 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067
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