Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia

Rainfed wheat production systems are usually characterized by low-fertility soils and frequent droughts, creating an unfavorable environment for sustainable crop production. In this study, we used a processed-based biophysical numerical model to evaluate the water balance and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils under rainfed wheat cultivation at low (219 mm, Pygery) and medium rainfall (392 mm, Yeelanna) sites in south Australia over the two seasons. Estimated evapotranspiration components and N partitioning data were used to calibrate and validate the model and to compute wheat’s water and N use efficiency. There was a large disparity in the estimated water balance components at the two sites. Plant water uptake accounted for 40–50% of rainfall, more at the low rainfall site. In contrast, leaching losses of up to 25% of seasonal rainfall at the medium rainfall site (Yeelanna) indicate a significant amount of water evading the root zone. The model-predicted N partitioning revealed that ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub<4</sub<–N) contributed little to plant N nutrition, and its concentration in the soil remained below 2 ppm throughout the crop season except immediately after the NH<sub<4</sub<–N-based fertilizer application. Nitrate–nitrogen (NO<sub<3</sub<–N) contributed to most N uptake during both seasons at both locations. The N losses from the soil at the medium rainfall site (3.5–20.5 kg ha<sup<−1</sup<) were mainly attributed to NH<sub<4</sub<–N volatilization (N<sub<v</sub<) and NO<sub<3</sub<–N leaching (N<sub<L</sub<) below the crop root zone. Water productivity (8–40 kg ha<sup<−1</sup< mm<sup<−1</sup<) and N use efficiency (31–41 kg kg<sup<−1</sup<) showed immense variability induced by climate, water availability, and N dynamics in the soil. These results suggest that combining water balance and N modeling can help manage N applications to optimize wheat production and minimize N losses in rainfed agriculture. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Vinod Phogat [verfasserIn] Jirka Šimůnek [verfasserIn] Paul Petrie [verfasserIn] Tim Pitt [verfasserIn] Vilim Filipović [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	wheat rainfed water balance nitrogen uptake water productivity nitrogen use efficiency

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Sustainability - MDPI AG, 2009, 15(2023), 13370, p 13370
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:15 ; year:2023 ; number:13370, p 13370

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/su151813370

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ093271026

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allfields	10.3390/su151813370 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093271026 (DE-599)DOAJ4729835b0b7e4e6099f4f93a970946a2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Vinod Phogat verfasserin aut Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Rainfed wheat production systems are usually characterized by low-fertility soils and frequent droughts, creating an unfavorable environment for sustainable crop production. In this study, we used a processed-based biophysical numerical model to evaluate the water balance and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils under rainfed wheat cultivation at low (219 mm, Pygery) and medium rainfall (392 mm, Yeelanna) sites in south Australia over the two seasons. Estimated evapotranspiration components and N partitioning data were used to calibrate and validate the model and to compute wheat’s water and N use efficiency. There was a large disparity in the estimated water balance components at the two sites. Plant water uptake accounted for 40–50% of rainfall, more at the low rainfall site. In contrast, leaching losses of up to 25% of seasonal rainfall at the medium rainfall site (Yeelanna) indicate a significant amount of water evading the root zone. The model-predicted N partitioning revealed that ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub<4</sub<–N) contributed little to plant N nutrition, and its concentration in the soil remained below 2 ppm throughout the crop season except immediately after the NH<sub<4</sub<–N-based fertilizer application. Nitrate–nitrogen (NO<sub<3</sub<–N) contributed to most N uptake during both seasons at both locations. The N losses from the soil at the medium rainfall site (3.5–20.5 kg ha<sup<−1</sup<) were mainly attributed to NH<sub<4</sub<–N volatilization (N<sub<v</sub<) and NO<sub<3</sub<–N leaching (N<sub<L</sub<) below the crop root zone. Water productivity (8–40 kg ha<sup<−1</sup< mm<sup<−1</sup<) and N use efficiency (31–41 kg kg<sup<−1</sup<) showed immense variability induced by climate, water availability, and N dynamics in the soil. These results suggest that combining water balance and N modeling can help manage N applications to optimize wheat production and minimize N losses in rainfed agriculture. wheat rainfed water balance nitrogen uptake water productivity nitrogen use efficiency Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Jirka Šimůnek verfasserin aut Paul Petrie verfasserin aut Tim Pitt verfasserin aut Vilim Filipović verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 15(2023), 13370, p 13370 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:15 year:2023 number:13370, p 13370 https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813370 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4729835b0b7e4e6099f4f93a970946a2 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13370 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2023 13370, p 13370
spelling	10.3390/su151813370 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093271026 (DE-599)DOAJ4729835b0b7e4e6099f4f93a970946a2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Vinod Phogat verfasserin aut Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Rainfed wheat production systems are usually characterized by low-fertility soils and frequent droughts, creating an unfavorable environment for sustainable crop production. In this study, we used a processed-based biophysical numerical model to evaluate the water balance and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils under rainfed wheat cultivation at low (219 mm, Pygery) and medium rainfall (392 mm, Yeelanna) sites in south Australia over the two seasons. Estimated evapotranspiration components and N partitioning data were used to calibrate and validate the model and to compute wheat’s water and N use efficiency. There was a large disparity in the estimated water balance components at the two sites. Plant water uptake accounted for 40–50% of rainfall, more at the low rainfall site. In contrast, leaching losses of up to 25% of seasonal rainfall at the medium rainfall site (Yeelanna) indicate a significant amount of water evading the root zone. The model-predicted N partitioning revealed that ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub<4</sub<–N) contributed little to plant N nutrition, and its concentration in the soil remained below 2 ppm throughout the crop season except immediately after the NH<sub<4</sub<–N-based fertilizer application. Nitrate–nitrogen (NO<sub<3</sub<–N) contributed to most N uptake during both seasons at both locations. The N losses from the soil at the medium rainfall site (3.5–20.5 kg ha<sup<−1</sup<) were mainly attributed to NH<sub<4</sub<–N volatilization (N<sub<v</sub<) and NO<sub<3</sub<–N leaching (N<sub<L</sub<) below the crop root zone. Water productivity (8–40 kg ha<sup<−1</sup< mm<sup<−1</sup<) and N use efficiency (31–41 kg kg<sup<−1</sup<) showed immense variability induced by climate, water availability, and N dynamics in the soil. These results suggest that combining water balance and N modeling can help manage N applications to optimize wheat production and minimize N losses in rainfed agriculture. wheat rainfed water balance nitrogen uptake water productivity nitrogen use efficiency Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Jirka Šimůnek verfasserin aut Paul Petrie verfasserin aut Tim Pitt verfasserin aut Vilim Filipović verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 15(2023), 13370, p 13370 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:15 year:2023 number:13370, p 13370 https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813370 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4729835b0b7e4e6099f4f93a970946a2 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13370 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2023 13370, p 13370
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/su151813370 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093271026 (DE-599)DOAJ4729835b0b7e4e6099f4f93a970946a2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Vinod Phogat verfasserin aut Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Rainfed wheat production systems are usually characterized by low-fertility soils and frequent droughts, creating an unfavorable environment for sustainable crop production. In this study, we used a processed-based biophysical numerical model to evaluate the water balance and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils under rainfed wheat cultivation at low (219 mm, Pygery) and medium rainfall (392 mm, Yeelanna) sites in south Australia over the two seasons. Estimated evapotranspiration components and N partitioning data were used to calibrate and validate the model and to compute wheat’s water and N use efficiency. There was a large disparity in the estimated water balance components at the two sites. Plant water uptake accounted for 40–50% of rainfall, more at the low rainfall site. In contrast, leaching losses of up to 25% of seasonal rainfall at the medium rainfall site (Yeelanna) indicate a significant amount of water evading the root zone. The model-predicted N partitioning revealed that ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub<4</sub<–N) contributed little to plant N nutrition, and its concentration in the soil remained below 2 ppm throughout the crop season except immediately after the NH<sub<4</sub<–N-based fertilizer application. Nitrate–nitrogen (NO<sub<3</sub<–N) contributed to most N uptake during both seasons at both locations. The N losses from the soil at the medium rainfall site (3.5–20.5 kg ha<sup<−1</sup<) were mainly attributed to NH<sub<4</sub<–N volatilization (N<sub<v</sub<) and NO<sub<3</sub<–N leaching (N<sub<L</sub<) below the crop root zone. Water productivity (8–40 kg ha<sup<−1</sup< mm<sup<−1</sup<) and N use efficiency (31–41 kg kg<sup<−1</sup<) showed immense variability induced by climate, water availability, and N dynamics in the soil. These results suggest that combining water balance and N modeling can help manage N applications to optimize wheat production and minimize N losses in rainfed agriculture. wheat rainfed water balance nitrogen uptake water productivity nitrogen use efficiency Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Jirka Šimůnek verfasserin aut Paul Petrie verfasserin aut Tim Pitt verfasserin aut Vilim Filipović verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 15(2023), 13370, p 13370 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:15 year:2023 number:13370, p 13370 https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813370 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4729835b0b7e4e6099f4f93a970946a2 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13370 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2023 13370, p 13370
allfieldsGer	10.3390/su151813370 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093271026 (DE-599)DOAJ4729835b0b7e4e6099f4f93a970946a2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Vinod Phogat verfasserin aut Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Rainfed wheat production systems are usually characterized by low-fertility soils and frequent droughts, creating an unfavorable environment for sustainable crop production. In this study, we used a processed-based biophysical numerical model to evaluate the water balance and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils under rainfed wheat cultivation at low (219 mm, Pygery) and medium rainfall (392 mm, Yeelanna) sites in south Australia over the two seasons. Estimated evapotranspiration components and N partitioning data were used to calibrate and validate the model and to compute wheat’s water and N use efficiency. There was a large disparity in the estimated water balance components at the two sites. Plant water uptake accounted for 40–50% of rainfall, more at the low rainfall site. In contrast, leaching losses of up to 25% of seasonal rainfall at the medium rainfall site (Yeelanna) indicate a significant amount of water evading the root zone. The model-predicted N partitioning revealed that ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub<4</sub<–N) contributed little to plant N nutrition, and its concentration in the soil remained below 2 ppm throughout the crop season except immediately after the NH<sub<4</sub<–N-based fertilizer application. Nitrate–nitrogen (NO<sub<3</sub<–N) contributed to most N uptake during both seasons at both locations. The N losses from the soil at the medium rainfall site (3.5–20.5 kg ha<sup<−1</sup<) were mainly attributed to NH<sub<4</sub<–N volatilization (N<sub<v</sub<) and NO<sub<3</sub<–N leaching (N<sub<L</sub<) below the crop root zone. Water productivity (8–40 kg ha<sup<−1</sup< mm<sup<−1</sup<) and N use efficiency (31–41 kg kg<sup<−1</sup<) showed immense variability induced by climate, water availability, and N dynamics in the soil. These results suggest that combining water balance and N modeling can help manage N applications to optimize wheat production and minimize N losses in rainfed agriculture. wheat rainfed water balance nitrogen uptake water productivity nitrogen use efficiency Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Jirka Šimůnek verfasserin aut Paul Petrie verfasserin aut Tim Pitt verfasserin aut Vilim Filipović verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 15(2023), 13370, p 13370 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:15 year:2023 number:13370, p 13370 https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813370 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4729835b0b7e4e6099f4f93a970946a2 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13370 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2023 13370, p 13370
allfieldsSound	10.3390/su151813370 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093271026 (DE-599)DOAJ4729835b0b7e4e6099f4f93a970946a2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Vinod Phogat verfasserin aut Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Rainfed wheat production systems are usually characterized by low-fertility soils and frequent droughts, creating an unfavorable environment for sustainable crop production. In this study, we used a processed-based biophysical numerical model to evaluate the water balance and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils under rainfed wheat cultivation at low (219 mm, Pygery) and medium rainfall (392 mm, Yeelanna) sites in south Australia over the two seasons. Estimated evapotranspiration components and N partitioning data were used to calibrate and validate the model and to compute wheat’s water and N use efficiency. There was a large disparity in the estimated water balance components at the two sites. Plant water uptake accounted for 40–50% of rainfall, more at the low rainfall site. In contrast, leaching losses of up to 25% of seasonal rainfall at the medium rainfall site (Yeelanna) indicate a significant amount of water evading the root zone. The model-predicted N partitioning revealed that ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub<4</sub<–N) contributed little to plant N nutrition, and its concentration in the soil remained below 2 ppm throughout the crop season except immediately after the NH<sub<4</sub<–N-based fertilizer application. Nitrate–nitrogen (NO<sub<3</sub<–N) contributed to most N uptake during both seasons at both locations. The N losses from the soil at the medium rainfall site (3.5–20.5 kg ha<sup<−1</sup<) were mainly attributed to NH<sub<4</sub<–N volatilization (N<sub<v</sub<) and NO<sub<3</sub<–N leaching (N<sub<L</sub<) below the crop root zone. Water productivity (8–40 kg ha<sup<−1</sup< mm<sup<−1</sup<) and N use efficiency (31–41 kg kg<sup<−1</sup<) showed immense variability induced by climate, water availability, and N dynamics in the soil. These results suggest that combining water balance and N modeling can help manage N applications to optimize wheat production and minimize N losses in rainfed agriculture. wheat rainfed water balance nitrogen uptake water productivity nitrogen use efficiency Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Jirka Šimůnek verfasserin aut Paul Petrie verfasserin aut Tim Pitt verfasserin aut Vilim Filipović verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 15(2023), 13370, p 13370 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:15 year:2023 number:13370, p 13370 https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813370 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4729835b0b7e4e6099f4f93a970946a2 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13370 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2023 13370, p 13370
language	English
source	In Sustainability 15(2023), 13370, p 13370 volume:15 year:2023 number:13370, p 13370
sourceStr	In Sustainability 15(2023), 13370, p 13370 volume:15 year:2023 number:13370, p 13370
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	wheat rainfed water balance nitrogen uptake water productivity nitrogen use efficiency Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences
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container_title	Sustainability
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Vinod Phogat @@aut@@ Jirka Šimůnek @@aut@@ Paul Petrie @@aut@@ Tim Pitt @@aut@@ Vilim Filipović @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Vinod Phogat
spellingShingle	Vinod Phogat misc TD194-195 misc TJ807-830 misc GE1-350 misc wheat misc rainfed misc water balance misc nitrogen uptake misc water productivity misc nitrogen use efficiency misc Environmental effects of industries and plants misc Renewable energy sources misc Environmental sciences Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia
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topic_title	TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia wheat rainfed water balance nitrogen uptake water productivity nitrogen use efficiency
topic	misc TD194-195 misc TJ807-830 misc GE1-350 misc wheat misc rainfed misc water balance misc nitrogen uptake misc water productivity misc nitrogen use efficiency misc Environmental effects of industries and plants misc Renewable energy sources misc Environmental sciences
topic_unstemmed	misc TD194-195 misc TJ807-830 misc GE1-350 misc wheat misc rainfed misc water balance misc nitrogen uptake misc water productivity misc nitrogen use efficiency misc Environmental effects of industries and plants misc Renewable energy sources misc Environmental sciences
topic_browse	misc TD194-195 misc TJ807-830 misc GE1-350 misc wheat misc rainfed misc water balance misc nitrogen uptake misc water productivity misc nitrogen use efficiency misc Environmental effects of industries and plants misc Renewable energy sources misc Environmental sciences
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title	Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia
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title_full	Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia
author_sort	Vinod Phogat
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author_browse	Vinod Phogat Jirka Šimůnek Paul Petrie Tim Pitt Vilim Filipović
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title_sort	sustainability of a rainfed wheat production system in relation to water and nitrogen dynamics in the soil in the eyre peninsula, south australia
callnumber	TD194-195
title_auth	Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia
abstract	Rainfed wheat production systems are usually characterized by low-fertility soils and frequent droughts, creating an unfavorable environment for sustainable crop production. In this study, we used a processed-based biophysical numerical model to evaluate the water balance and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils under rainfed wheat cultivation at low (219 mm, Pygery) and medium rainfall (392 mm, Yeelanna) sites in south Australia over the two seasons. Estimated evapotranspiration components and N partitioning data were used to calibrate and validate the model and to compute wheat’s water and N use efficiency. There was a large disparity in the estimated water balance components at the two sites. Plant water uptake accounted for 40–50% of rainfall, more at the low rainfall site. In contrast, leaching losses of up to 25% of seasonal rainfall at the medium rainfall site (Yeelanna) indicate a significant amount of water evading the root zone. The model-predicted N partitioning revealed that ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub<4</sub<–N) contributed little to plant N nutrition, and its concentration in the soil remained below 2 ppm throughout the crop season except immediately after the NH<sub<4</sub<–N-based fertilizer application. Nitrate–nitrogen (NO<sub<3</sub<–N) contributed to most N uptake during both seasons at both locations. The N losses from the soil at the medium rainfall site (3.5–20.5 kg ha<sup<−1</sup<) were mainly attributed to NH<sub<4</sub<–N volatilization (N<sub<v</sub<) and NO<sub<3</sub<–N leaching (N<sub<L</sub<) below the crop root zone. Water productivity (8–40 kg ha<sup<−1</sup< mm<sup<−1</sup<) and N use efficiency (31–41 kg kg<sup<−1</sup<) showed immense variability induced by climate, water availability, and N dynamics in the soil. These results suggest that combining water balance and N modeling can help manage N applications to optimize wheat production and minimize N losses in rainfed agriculture.
abstractGer	Rainfed wheat production systems are usually characterized by low-fertility soils and frequent droughts, creating an unfavorable environment for sustainable crop production. In this study, we used a processed-based biophysical numerical model to evaluate the water balance and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils under rainfed wheat cultivation at low (219 mm, Pygery) and medium rainfall (392 mm, Yeelanna) sites in south Australia over the two seasons. Estimated evapotranspiration components and N partitioning data were used to calibrate and validate the model and to compute wheat’s water and N use efficiency. There was a large disparity in the estimated water balance components at the two sites. Plant water uptake accounted for 40–50% of rainfall, more at the low rainfall site. In contrast, leaching losses of up to 25% of seasonal rainfall at the medium rainfall site (Yeelanna) indicate a significant amount of water evading the root zone. The model-predicted N partitioning revealed that ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub<4</sub<–N) contributed little to plant N nutrition, and its concentration in the soil remained below 2 ppm throughout the crop season except immediately after the NH<sub<4</sub<–N-based fertilizer application. Nitrate–nitrogen (NO<sub<3</sub<–N) contributed to most N uptake during both seasons at both locations. The N losses from the soil at the medium rainfall site (3.5–20.5 kg ha<sup<−1</sup<) were mainly attributed to NH<sub<4</sub<–N volatilization (N<sub<v</sub<) and NO<sub<3</sub<–N leaching (N<sub<L</sub<) below the crop root zone. Water productivity (8–40 kg ha<sup<−1</sup< mm<sup<−1</sup<) and N use efficiency (31–41 kg kg<sup<−1</sup<) showed immense variability induced by climate, water availability, and N dynamics in the soil. These results suggest that combining water balance and N modeling can help manage N applications to optimize wheat production and minimize N losses in rainfed agriculture.
abstract_unstemmed	Rainfed wheat production systems are usually characterized by low-fertility soils and frequent droughts, creating an unfavorable environment for sustainable crop production. In this study, we used a processed-based biophysical numerical model to evaluate the water balance and nitrogen (N) dynamics in soils under rainfed wheat cultivation at low (219 mm, Pygery) and medium rainfall (392 mm, Yeelanna) sites in south Australia over the two seasons. Estimated evapotranspiration components and N partitioning data were used to calibrate and validate the model and to compute wheat’s water and N use efficiency. There was a large disparity in the estimated water balance components at the two sites. Plant water uptake accounted for 40–50% of rainfall, more at the low rainfall site. In contrast, leaching losses of up to 25% of seasonal rainfall at the medium rainfall site (Yeelanna) indicate a significant amount of water evading the root zone. The model-predicted N partitioning revealed that ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub<4</sub<–N) contributed little to plant N nutrition, and its concentration in the soil remained below 2 ppm throughout the crop season except immediately after the NH<sub<4</sub<–N-based fertilizer application. Nitrate–nitrogen (NO<sub<3</sub<–N) contributed to most N uptake during both seasons at both locations. The N losses from the soil at the medium rainfall site (3.5–20.5 kg ha<sup<−1</sup<) were mainly attributed to NH<sub<4</sub<–N volatilization (N<sub<v</sub<) and NO<sub<3</sub<–N leaching (N<sub<L</sub<) below the crop root zone. Water productivity (8–40 kg ha<sup<−1</sup< mm<sup<−1</sup<) and N use efficiency (31–41 kg kg<sup<−1</sup<) showed immense variability induced by climate, water availability, and N dynamics in the soil. These results suggest that combining water balance and N modeling can help manage N applications to optimize wheat production and minimize N losses in rainfed agriculture.
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title_short	Sustainability of a Rainfed Wheat Production System in Relation to Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soil in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia
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