Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm

Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a benign condition, frequent in childhood, that is classified as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the fir...
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Autor*in:	Simona Barni [verfasserIn] Francesca Mori [verfasserIn] Mattia Giovannini [verfasserIn] Lucia Liotti [verfasserIn] Carla Mastrorilli [verfasserIn] Luca Pecoraro [verfasserIn] Francesca Saretta [verfasserIn] Riccardo Castagnoli [verfasserIn] Stefania Arasi [verfasserIn] Lucia Caminiti [verfasserIn] Mariannita Gelsomino [verfasserIn] Angela Klain [verfasserIn] Michele Miraglia del Giudice [verfasserIn] Elio Novembre [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	allergic proctocolitis rectal bleeding food allergy non-lgE food allergy elimination diet

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Life - MDPI AG, 2012, 13(2023), 1824, p 1824
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:13 ; year:2023 ; number:1824, p 1824

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/life13091824

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ093367465

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520			\|a Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a benign condition, frequent in childhood, that is classified as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first few months of life with the appearance of bright red blood (hematochezia), with or without mucus, in the stool of apparently healthy, thriving infants. Most cases of AP are caused by cow’s milk proteins; however, other allergens, such as soy, egg, corn, and wheat, may be potential triggers. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and on the resolution of signs and symptoms with the elimination of the suspected food antigen from the diet and their reappearance when the food is reintroduced into the diet. The treatment of AP is based on an elimination diet of the trigger food, with resolution of the symptoms within 72–96 h from the beginning of the diet. The prognosis of AP is good; it is a self-limiting condition, because most children can tolerate the trigger food within one year of life, with an excellent long-term prognosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge and recommendations in epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic terms to the pediatricians, allergists, and gastroenterologists who may find themselves managing a patient with AP.
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allfields	10.3390/life13091824 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093367465 (DE-599)DOAJa86393f01b9e4797b6a688d63f0a6661 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Simona Barni verfasserin aut Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a benign condition, frequent in childhood, that is classified as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first few months of life with the appearance of bright red blood (hematochezia), with or without mucus, in the stool of apparently healthy, thriving infants. Most cases of AP are caused by cow’s milk proteins; however, other allergens, such as soy, egg, corn, and wheat, may be potential triggers. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and on the resolution of signs and symptoms with the elimination of the suspected food antigen from the diet and their reappearance when the food is reintroduced into the diet. The treatment of AP is based on an elimination diet of the trigger food, with resolution of the symptoms within 72–96 h from the beginning of the diet. The prognosis of AP is good; it is a self-limiting condition, because most children can tolerate the trigger food within one year of life, with an excellent long-term prognosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge and recommendations in epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic terms to the pediatricians, allergists, and gastroenterologists who may find themselves managing a patient with AP. allergic proctocolitis rectal bleeding food allergy non-lgE food allergy elimination diet Science Q Francesca Mori verfasserin aut Mattia Giovannini verfasserin aut Lucia Liotti verfasserin aut Carla Mastrorilli verfasserin aut Luca Pecoraro verfasserin aut Francesca Saretta verfasserin aut Riccardo Castagnoli verfasserin aut Stefania Arasi verfasserin aut Lucia Caminiti verfasserin aut Mariannita Gelsomino verfasserin aut Angela Klain verfasserin aut Michele Miraglia del Giudice verfasserin aut Elio Novembre verfasserin aut In Life MDPI AG, 2012 13(2023), 1824, p 1824 (DE-627)718627156 (DE-600)2662250-6 20751729 nnns volume:13 year:2023 number:1824, p 1824 https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091824 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a86393f01b9e4797b6a688d63f0a6661 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/9/1824 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1729 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2023 1824, p 1824
spelling	10.3390/life13091824 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093367465 (DE-599)DOAJa86393f01b9e4797b6a688d63f0a6661 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Simona Barni verfasserin aut Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a benign condition, frequent in childhood, that is classified as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first few months of life with the appearance of bright red blood (hematochezia), with or without mucus, in the stool of apparently healthy, thriving infants. Most cases of AP are caused by cow’s milk proteins; however, other allergens, such as soy, egg, corn, and wheat, may be potential triggers. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and on the resolution of signs and symptoms with the elimination of the suspected food antigen from the diet and their reappearance when the food is reintroduced into the diet. The treatment of AP is based on an elimination diet of the trigger food, with resolution of the symptoms within 72–96 h from the beginning of the diet. The prognosis of AP is good; it is a self-limiting condition, because most children can tolerate the trigger food within one year of life, with an excellent long-term prognosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge and recommendations in epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic terms to the pediatricians, allergists, and gastroenterologists who may find themselves managing a patient with AP. allergic proctocolitis rectal bleeding food allergy non-lgE food allergy elimination diet Science Q Francesca Mori verfasserin aut Mattia Giovannini verfasserin aut Lucia Liotti verfasserin aut Carla Mastrorilli verfasserin aut Luca Pecoraro verfasserin aut Francesca Saretta verfasserin aut Riccardo Castagnoli verfasserin aut Stefania Arasi verfasserin aut Lucia Caminiti verfasserin aut Mariannita Gelsomino verfasserin aut Angela Klain verfasserin aut Michele Miraglia del Giudice verfasserin aut Elio Novembre verfasserin aut In Life MDPI AG, 2012 13(2023), 1824, p 1824 (DE-627)718627156 (DE-600)2662250-6 20751729 nnns volume:13 year:2023 number:1824, p 1824 https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091824 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a86393f01b9e4797b6a688d63f0a6661 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/9/1824 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1729 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2023 1824, p 1824
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/life13091824 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093367465 (DE-599)DOAJa86393f01b9e4797b6a688d63f0a6661 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Simona Barni verfasserin aut Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a benign condition, frequent in childhood, that is classified as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first few months of life with the appearance of bright red blood (hematochezia), with or without mucus, in the stool of apparently healthy, thriving infants. Most cases of AP are caused by cow’s milk proteins; however, other allergens, such as soy, egg, corn, and wheat, may be potential triggers. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and on the resolution of signs and symptoms with the elimination of the suspected food antigen from the diet and their reappearance when the food is reintroduced into the diet. The treatment of AP is based on an elimination diet of the trigger food, with resolution of the symptoms within 72–96 h from the beginning of the diet. The prognosis of AP is good; it is a self-limiting condition, because most children can tolerate the trigger food within one year of life, with an excellent long-term prognosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge and recommendations in epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic terms to the pediatricians, allergists, and gastroenterologists who may find themselves managing a patient with AP. allergic proctocolitis rectal bleeding food allergy non-lgE food allergy elimination diet Science Q Francesca Mori verfasserin aut Mattia Giovannini verfasserin aut Lucia Liotti verfasserin aut Carla Mastrorilli verfasserin aut Luca Pecoraro verfasserin aut Francesca Saretta verfasserin aut Riccardo Castagnoli verfasserin aut Stefania Arasi verfasserin aut Lucia Caminiti verfasserin aut Mariannita Gelsomino verfasserin aut Angela Klain verfasserin aut Michele Miraglia del Giudice verfasserin aut Elio Novembre verfasserin aut In Life MDPI AG, 2012 13(2023), 1824, p 1824 (DE-627)718627156 (DE-600)2662250-6 20751729 nnns volume:13 year:2023 number:1824, p 1824 https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091824 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a86393f01b9e4797b6a688d63f0a6661 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/9/1824 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1729 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2023 1824, p 1824
allfieldsGer	10.3390/life13091824 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093367465 (DE-599)DOAJa86393f01b9e4797b6a688d63f0a6661 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Simona Barni verfasserin aut Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a benign condition, frequent in childhood, that is classified as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first few months of life with the appearance of bright red blood (hematochezia), with or without mucus, in the stool of apparently healthy, thriving infants. Most cases of AP are caused by cow’s milk proteins; however, other allergens, such as soy, egg, corn, and wheat, may be potential triggers. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and on the resolution of signs and symptoms with the elimination of the suspected food antigen from the diet and their reappearance when the food is reintroduced into the diet. The treatment of AP is based on an elimination diet of the trigger food, with resolution of the symptoms within 72–96 h from the beginning of the diet. The prognosis of AP is good; it is a self-limiting condition, because most children can tolerate the trigger food within one year of life, with an excellent long-term prognosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge and recommendations in epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic terms to the pediatricians, allergists, and gastroenterologists who may find themselves managing a patient with AP. allergic proctocolitis rectal bleeding food allergy non-lgE food allergy elimination diet Science Q Francesca Mori verfasserin aut Mattia Giovannini verfasserin aut Lucia Liotti verfasserin aut Carla Mastrorilli verfasserin aut Luca Pecoraro verfasserin aut Francesca Saretta verfasserin aut Riccardo Castagnoli verfasserin aut Stefania Arasi verfasserin aut Lucia Caminiti verfasserin aut Mariannita Gelsomino verfasserin aut Angela Klain verfasserin aut Michele Miraglia del Giudice verfasserin aut Elio Novembre verfasserin aut In Life MDPI AG, 2012 13(2023), 1824, p 1824 (DE-627)718627156 (DE-600)2662250-6 20751729 nnns volume:13 year:2023 number:1824, p 1824 https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091824 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a86393f01b9e4797b6a688d63f0a6661 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/9/1824 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1729 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2023 1824, p 1824
allfieldsSound	10.3390/life13091824 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093367465 (DE-599)DOAJa86393f01b9e4797b6a688d63f0a6661 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Simona Barni verfasserin aut Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a benign condition, frequent in childhood, that is classified as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first few months of life with the appearance of bright red blood (hematochezia), with or without mucus, in the stool of apparently healthy, thriving infants. Most cases of AP are caused by cow’s milk proteins; however, other allergens, such as soy, egg, corn, and wheat, may be potential triggers. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and on the resolution of signs and symptoms with the elimination of the suspected food antigen from the diet and their reappearance when the food is reintroduced into the diet. The treatment of AP is based on an elimination diet of the trigger food, with resolution of the symptoms within 72–96 h from the beginning of the diet. The prognosis of AP is good; it is a self-limiting condition, because most children can tolerate the trigger food within one year of life, with an excellent long-term prognosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge and recommendations in epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic terms to the pediatricians, allergists, and gastroenterologists who may find themselves managing a patient with AP. allergic proctocolitis rectal bleeding food allergy non-lgE food allergy elimination diet Science Q Francesca Mori verfasserin aut Mattia Giovannini verfasserin aut Lucia Liotti verfasserin aut Carla Mastrorilli verfasserin aut Luca Pecoraro verfasserin aut Francesca Saretta verfasserin aut Riccardo Castagnoli verfasserin aut Stefania Arasi verfasserin aut Lucia Caminiti verfasserin aut Mariannita Gelsomino verfasserin aut Angela Klain verfasserin aut Michele Miraglia del Giudice verfasserin aut Elio Novembre verfasserin aut In Life MDPI AG, 2012 13(2023), 1824, p 1824 (DE-627)718627156 (DE-600)2662250-6 20751729 nnns volume:13 year:2023 number:1824, p 1824 https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091824 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a86393f01b9e4797b6a688d63f0a6661 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/9/1824 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1729 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2023 1824, p 1824
language	English
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Simona Barni @@aut@@ Francesca Mori @@aut@@ Mattia Giovannini @@aut@@ Lucia Liotti @@aut@@ Carla Mastrorilli @@aut@@ Luca Pecoraro @@aut@@ Francesca Saretta @@aut@@ Riccardo Castagnoli @@aut@@ Stefania Arasi @@aut@@ Lucia Caminiti @@aut@@ Mariannita Gelsomino @@aut@@ Angela Klain @@aut@@ Michele Miraglia del Giudice @@aut@@ Elio Novembre @@aut@@
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author	Simona Barni
spellingShingle	Simona Barni misc allergic proctocolitis misc rectal bleeding misc food allergy misc non-lgE food allergy misc elimination diet misc Science misc Q Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm
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topic_title	Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm allergic proctocolitis rectal bleeding food allergy non-lgE food allergy elimination diet
topic	misc allergic proctocolitis misc rectal bleeding misc food allergy misc non-lgE food allergy misc elimination diet misc Science misc Q
topic_unstemmed	misc allergic proctocolitis misc rectal bleeding misc food allergy misc non-lgE food allergy misc elimination diet misc Science misc Q
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title	Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm
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title_sort	allergic proctocolitis: literature review and proposal of a diagnostic–therapeutic algorithm
title_auth	Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm
abstract	Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a benign condition, frequent in childhood, that is classified as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first few months of life with the appearance of bright red blood (hematochezia), with or without mucus, in the stool of apparently healthy, thriving infants. Most cases of AP are caused by cow’s milk proteins; however, other allergens, such as soy, egg, corn, and wheat, may be potential triggers. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and on the resolution of signs and symptoms with the elimination of the suspected food antigen from the diet and their reappearance when the food is reintroduced into the diet. The treatment of AP is based on an elimination diet of the trigger food, with resolution of the symptoms within 72–96 h from the beginning of the diet. The prognosis of AP is good; it is a self-limiting condition, because most children can tolerate the trigger food within one year of life, with an excellent long-term prognosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge and recommendations in epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic terms to the pediatricians, allergists, and gastroenterologists who may find themselves managing a patient with AP.
abstractGer	Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a benign condition, frequent in childhood, that is classified as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first few months of life with the appearance of bright red blood (hematochezia), with or without mucus, in the stool of apparently healthy, thriving infants. Most cases of AP are caused by cow’s milk proteins; however, other allergens, such as soy, egg, corn, and wheat, may be potential triggers. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and on the resolution of signs and symptoms with the elimination of the suspected food antigen from the diet and their reappearance when the food is reintroduced into the diet. The treatment of AP is based on an elimination diet of the trigger food, with resolution of the symptoms within 72–96 h from the beginning of the diet. The prognosis of AP is good; it is a self-limiting condition, because most children can tolerate the trigger food within one year of life, with an excellent long-term prognosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge and recommendations in epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic terms to the pediatricians, allergists, and gastroenterologists who may find themselves managing a patient with AP.
abstract_unstemmed	Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a benign condition, frequent in childhood, that is classified as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first few months of life with the appearance of bright red blood (hematochezia), with or without mucus, in the stool of apparently healthy, thriving infants. Most cases of AP are caused by cow’s milk proteins; however, other allergens, such as soy, egg, corn, and wheat, may be potential triggers. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and on the resolution of signs and symptoms with the elimination of the suspected food antigen from the diet and their reappearance when the food is reintroduced into the diet. The treatment of AP is based on an elimination diet of the trigger food, with resolution of the symptoms within 72–96 h from the beginning of the diet. The prognosis of AP is good; it is a self-limiting condition, because most children can tolerate the trigger food within one year of life, with an excellent long-term prognosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge and recommendations in epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic terms to the pediatricians, allergists, and gastroenterologists who may find themselves managing a patient with AP.
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title_short	Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm
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author2Str	Francesca Mori Mattia Giovannini Lucia Liotti Carla Mastrorilli Luca Pecoraro Francesca Saretta Riccardo Castagnoli Stefania Arasi Lucia Caminiti Mariannita Gelsomino Angela Klain Michele Miraglia del Giudice Elio Novembre
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The prevalence is unknown; however, its frequency appears to be increasing, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first few months of life with the appearance of bright red blood (hematochezia), with or without mucus, in the stool of apparently healthy, thriving infants. Most cases of AP are caused by cow’s milk proteins; however, other allergens, such as soy, egg, corn, and wheat, may be potential triggers. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and on the resolution of signs and symptoms with the elimination of the suspected food antigen from the diet and their reappearance when the food is reintroduced into the diet. The treatment of AP is based on an elimination diet of the trigger food, with resolution of the symptoms within 72–96 h from the beginning of the diet. The prognosis of AP is good; it is a self-limiting condition, because most children can tolerate the trigger food within one year of life, with an excellent long-term prognosis. 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Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm

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