Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability

Here, super-macroporous cryogel from a natural polysaccharide, pullulan was synthesized using a cryo-crosslinking technique with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body fluids (pH 1.0, 7.4, and 9.0 buffer solutions) was eva...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Betul Ari [verfasserIn] Mehtap Sahiner [verfasserIn] Selin Sagbas Suner [verfasserIn] Sahin Demirci [verfasserIn] Nurettin Sahiner [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	biocompatible/degradable polysaccharide cryogel pullulan cryogel natural polymeric cryogel drug carrier ciprofloxacin release

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Micromachines - MDPI AG, 2010, 14(2023), 7, p 1323
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2023 ; number:7, p 1323

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/mi14071323

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ093858388

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allfields	10.3390/mi14071323 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093858388 (DE-599)DOAJ0253b4ca3f5e4514aa9a0bd54811db24 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TJ1-1570 Betul Ari verfasserin aut Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Here, super-macroporous cryogel from a natural polysaccharide, pullulan was synthesized using a cryo-crosslinking technique with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body fluids (pH 1.0, 7.4, and 9.0 buffer solutions) was evaluated. It was observed that the pullulan cryogel degradation was much faster in the pH 9 buffer solution than the pH 1.0 and 7.4 buffer solutions in the same time period. The weight loss of the pullulan cryogel at pH 9.0 within 28 days was determined as 31% ± 2%. To demonstrate the controllable drug delivery potential of pullulan cryogels via degradation, an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, was loaded into pullulan cryogels (pullulan-cipro), and the loading amount of drug was calculated as 105.40 ± 2.6 µg/mg. The release of ciprofloxacin from the pullulan-cipro cryogel was investigated in vitro at 37.5 °C in physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The amount of drug released within 24 h was determined as 39.26 ± 3.78 µg/mg, which is equal to 41.38% ± 3.58% of the loaded drug. Only 0.1 mg of pullulan-cipro cryogel was found to inhibit half of the growing <i<Escherichia coli</i< (<i<E. coli</i<) and <i<Staphylococcus aureus</i< (<i<S. aureus</i<) colonies for 10 min and totally eradicated within 2 h by the release of the loaded antibiotic. No significant toxicity was determined on L929 fibroblast cells for 0.1 mg drug-loaded pullulan cryogel. In contrast, even 1 mg of drug-loaded pullulan cryogel revealed slight toxicity (e.g., 66% ± 9% cell viability) because of the high concentration of released drug. biocompatible/degradable polysaccharide cryogel pullulan cryogel natural polymeric cryogel drug carrier ciprofloxacin release Mechanical engineering and machinery Mehtap Sahiner verfasserin aut Selin Sagbas Suner verfasserin aut Sahin Demirci verfasserin aut Nurettin Sahiner verfasserin aut In Micromachines MDPI AG, 2010 14(2023), 7, p 1323 (DE-627)665016069 (DE-600)2620864-7 2072666X nnns volume:14 year:2023 number:7, p 1323 https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0253b4ca3f5e4514aa9a0bd54811db24 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-666X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023 7, p 1323
spelling	10.3390/mi14071323 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093858388 (DE-599)DOAJ0253b4ca3f5e4514aa9a0bd54811db24 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TJ1-1570 Betul Ari verfasserin aut Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Here, super-macroporous cryogel from a natural polysaccharide, pullulan was synthesized using a cryo-crosslinking technique with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body fluids (pH 1.0, 7.4, and 9.0 buffer solutions) was evaluated. It was observed that the pullulan cryogel degradation was much faster in the pH 9 buffer solution than the pH 1.0 and 7.4 buffer solutions in the same time period. The weight loss of the pullulan cryogel at pH 9.0 within 28 days was determined as 31% ± 2%. To demonstrate the controllable drug delivery potential of pullulan cryogels via degradation, an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, was loaded into pullulan cryogels (pullulan-cipro), and the loading amount of drug was calculated as 105.40 ± 2.6 µg/mg. The release of ciprofloxacin from the pullulan-cipro cryogel was investigated in vitro at 37.5 °C in physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The amount of drug released within 24 h was determined as 39.26 ± 3.78 µg/mg, which is equal to 41.38% ± 3.58% of the loaded drug. Only 0.1 mg of pullulan-cipro cryogel was found to inhibit half of the growing <i<Escherichia coli</i< (<i<E. coli</i<) and <i<Staphylococcus aureus</i< (<i<S. aureus</i<) colonies for 10 min and totally eradicated within 2 h by the release of the loaded antibiotic. No significant toxicity was determined on L929 fibroblast cells for 0.1 mg drug-loaded pullulan cryogel. In contrast, even 1 mg of drug-loaded pullulan cryogel revealed slight toxicity (e.g., 66% ± 9% cell viability) because of the high concentration of released drug. biocompatible/degradable polysaccharide cryogel pullulan cryogel natural polymeric cryogel drug carrier ciprofloxacin release Mechanical engineering and machinery Mehtap Sahiner verfasserin aut Selin Sagbas Suner verfasserin aut Sahin Demirci verfasserin aut Nurettin Sahiner verfasserin aut In Micromachines MDPI AG, 2010 14(2023), 7, p 1323 (DE-627)665016069 (DE-600)2620864-7 2072666X nnns volume:14 year:2023 number:7, p 1323 https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0253b4ca3f5e4514aa9a0bd54811db24 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-666X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023 7, p 1323
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/mi14071323 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093858388 (DE-599)DOAJ0253b4ca3f5e4514aa9a0bd54811db24 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TJ1-1570 Betul Ari verfasserin aut Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Here, super-macroporous cryogel from a natural polysaccharide, pullulan was synthesized using a cryo-crosslinking technique with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body fluids (pH 1.0, 7.4, and 9.0 buffer solutions) was evaluated. It was observed that the pullulan cryogel degradation was much faster in the pH 9 buffer solution than the pH 1.0 and 7.4 buffer solutions in the same time period. The weight loss of the pullulan cryogel at pH 9.0 within 28 days was determined as 31% ± 2%. To demonstrate the controllable drug delivery potential of pullulan cryogels via degradation, an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, was loaded into pullulan cryogels (pullulan-cipro), and the loading amount of drug was calculated as 105.40 ± 2.6 µg/mg. The release of ciprofloxacin from the pullulan-cipro cryogel was investigated in vitro at 37.5 °C in physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The amount of drug released within 24 h was determined as 39.26 ± 3.78 µg/mg, which is equal to 41.38% ± 3.58% of the loaded drug. Only 0.1 mg of pullulan-cipro cryogel was found to inhibit half of the growing <i<Escherichia coli</i< (<i<E. coli</i<) and <i<Staphylococcus aureus</i< (<i<S. aureus</i<) colonies for 10 min and totally eradicated within 2 h by the release of the loaded antibiotic. No significant toxicity was determined on L929 fibroblast cells for 0.1 mg drug-loaded pullulan cryogel. In contrast, even 1 mg of drug-loaded pullulan cryogel revealed slight toxicity (e.g., 66% ± 9% cell viability) because of the high concentration of released drug. biocompatible/degradable polysaccharide cryogel pullulan cryogel natural polymeric cryogel drug carrier ciprofloxacin release Mechanical engineering and machinery Mehtap Sahiner verfasserin aut Selin Sagbas Suner verfasserin aut Sahin Demirci verfasserin aut Nurettin Sahiner verfasserin aut In Micromachines MDPI AG, 2010 14(2023), 7, p 1323 (DE-627)665016069 (DE-600)2620864-7 2072666X nnns volume:14 year:2023 number:7, p 1323 https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0253b4ca3f5e4514aa9a0bd54811db24 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-666X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023 7, p 1323
allfieldsGer	10.3390/mi14071323 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093858388 (DE-599)DOAJ0253b4ca3f5e4514aa9a0bd54811db24 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TJ1-1570 Betul Ari verfasserin aut Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Here, super-macroporous cryogel from a natural polysaccharide, pullulan was synthesized using a cryo-crosslinking technique with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body fluids (pH 1.0, 7.4, and 9.0 buffer solutions) was evaluated. It was observed that the pullulan cryogel degradation was much faster in the pH 9 buffer solution than the pH 1.0 and 7.4 buffer solutions in the same time period. The weight loss of the pullulan cryogel at pH 9.0 within 28 days was determined as 31% ± 2%. To demonstrate the controllable drug delivery potential of pullulan cryogels via degradation, an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, was loaded into pullulan cryogels (pullulan-cipro), and the loading amount of drug was calculated as 105.40 ± 2.6 µg/mg. The release of ciprofloxacin from the pullulan-cipro cryogel was investigated in vitro at 37.5 °C in physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The amount of drug released within 24 h was determined as 39.26 ± 3.78 µg/mg, which is equal to 41.38% ± 3.58% of the loaded drug. Only 0.1 mg of pullulan-cipro cryogel was found to inhibit half of the growing <i<Escherichia coli</i< (<i<E. coli</i<) and <i<Staphylococcus aureus</i< (<i<S. aureus</i<) colonies for 10 min and totally eradicated within 2 h by the release of the loaded antibiotic. No significant toxicity was determined on L929 fibroblast cells for 0.1 mg drug-loaded pullulan cryogel. In contrast, even 1 mg of drug-loaded pullulan cryogel revealed slight toxicity (e.g., 66% ± 9% cell viability) because of the high concentration of released drug. biocompatible/degradable polysaccharide cryogel pullulan cryogel natural polymeric cryogel drug carrier ciprofloxacin release Mechanical engineering and machinery Mehtap Sahiner verfasserin aut Selin Sagbas Suner verfasserin aut Sahin Demirci verfasserin aut Nurettin Sahiner verfasserin aut In Micromachines MDPI AG, 2010 14(2023), 7, p 1323 (DE-627)665016069 (DE-600)2620864-7 2072666X nnns volume:14 year:2023 number:7, p 1323 https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0253b4ca3f5e4514aa9a0bd54811db24 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-666X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023 7, p 1323
allfieldsSound	10.3390/mi14071323 doi (DE-627)DOAJ093858388 (DE-599)DOAJ0253b4ca3f5e4514aa9a0bd54811db24 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TJ1-1570 Betul Ari verfasserin aut Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Here, super-macroporous cryogel from a natural polysaccharide, pullulan was synthesized using a cryo-crosslinking technique with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body fluids (pH 1.0, 7.4, and 9.0 buffer solutions) was evaluated. It was observed that the pullulan cryogel degradation was much faster in the pH 9 buffer solution than the pH 1.0 and 7.4 buffer solutions in the same time period. The weight loss of the pullulan cryogel at pH 9.0 within 28 days was determined as 31% ± 2%. To demonstrate the controllable drug delivery potential of pullulan cryogels via degradation, an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, was loaded into pullulan cryogels (pullulan-cipro), and the loading amount of drug was calculated as 105.40 ± 2.6 µg/mg. The release of ciprofloxacin from the pullulan-cipro cryogel was investigated in vitro at 37.5 °C in physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The amount of drug released within 24 h was determined as 39.26 ± 3.78 µg/mg, which is equal to 41.38% ± 3.58% of the loaded drug. Only 0.1 mg of pullulan-cipro cryogel was found to inhibit half of the growing <i<Escherichia coli</i< (<i<E. coli</i<) and <i<Staphylococcus aureus</i< (<i<S. aureus</i<) colonies for 10 min and totally eradicated within 2 h by the release of the loaded antibiotic. No significant toxicity was determined on L929 fibroblast cells for 0.1 mg drug-loaded pullulan cryogel. In contrast, even 1 mg of drug-loaded pullulan cryogel revealed slight toxicity (e.g., 66% ± 9% cell viability) because of the high concentration of released drug. biocompatible/degradable polysaccharide cryogel pullulan cryogel natural polymeric cryogel drug carrier ciprofloxacin release Mechanical engineering and machinery Mehtap Sahiner verfasserin aut Selin Sagbas Suner verfasserin aut Sahin Demirci verfasserin aut Nurettin Sahiner verfasserin aut In Micromachines MDPI AG, 2010 14(2023), 7, p 1323 (DE-627)665016069 (DE-600)2620864-7 2072666X nnns volume:14 year:2023 number:7, p 1323 https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0253b4ca3f5e4514aa9a0bd54811db24 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-666X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023 7, p 1323
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Betul Ari
spellingShingle	Betul Ari misc TJ1-1570 misc biocompatible/degradable polysaccharide cryogel misc pullulan cryogel misc natural polymeric cryogel drug carrier misc ciprofloxacin release misc Mechanical engineering and machinery Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability
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topic_title	TJ1-1570 Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability biocompatible/degradable polysaccharide cryogel pullulan cryogel natural polymeric cryogel drug carrier ciprofloxacin release
topic	misc TJ1-1570 misc biocompatible/degradable polysaccharide cryogel misc pullulan cryogel misc natural polymeric cryogel drug carrier misc ciprofloxacin release misc Mechanical engineering and machinery
topic_unstemmed	misc TJ1-1570 misc biocompatible/degradable polysaccharide cryogel misc pullulan cryogel misc natural polymeric cryogel drug carrier misc ciprofloxacin release misc Mechanical engineering and machinery
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title	Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability
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title_full	Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability
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title_sort	super-macroporous pulluan cryogels as controlled active delivery systems with controlled degradability
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title_auth	Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability
abstract	Here, super-macroporous cryogel from a natural polysaccharide, pullulan was synthesized using a cryo-crosslinking technique with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body fluids (pH 1.0, 7.4, and 9.0 buffer solutions) was evaluated. It was observed that the pullulan cryogel degradation was much faster in the pH 9 buffer solution than the pH 1.0 and 7.4 buffer solutions in the same time period. The weight loss of the pullulan cryogel at pH 9.0 within 28 days was determined as 31% ± 2%. To demonstrate the controllable drug delivery potential of pullulan cryogels via degradation, an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, was loaded into pullulan cryogels (pullulan-cipro), and the loading amount of drug was calculated as 105.40 ± 2.6 µg/mg. The release of ciprofloxacin from the pullulan-cipro cryogel was investigated in vitro at 37.5 °C in physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The amount of drug released within 24 h was determined as 39.26 ± 3.78 µg/mg, which is equal to 41.38% ± 3.58% of the loaded drug. Only 0.1 mg of pullulan-cipro cryogel was found to inhibit half of the growing <i<Escherichia coli</i< (<i<E. coli</i<) and <i<Staphylococcus aureus</i< (<i<S. aureus</i<) colonies for 10 min and totally eradicated within 2 h by the release of the loaded antibiotic. No significant toxicity was determined on L929 fibroblast cells for 0.1 mg drug-loaded pullulan cryogel. In contrast, even 1 mg of drug-loaded pullulan cryogel revealed slight toxicity (e.g., 66% ± 9% cell viability) because of the high concentration of released drug.
abstractGer	Here, super-macroporous cryogel from a natural polysaccharide, pullulan was synthesized using a cryo-crosslinking technique with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body fluids (pH 1.0, 7.4, and 9.0 buffer solutions) was evaluated. It was observed that the pullulan cryogel degradation was much faster in the pH 9 buffer solution than the pH 1.0 and 7.4 buffer solutions in the same time period. The weight loss of the pullulan cryogel at pH 9.0 within 28 days was determined as 31% ± 2%. To demonstrate the controllable drug delivery potential of pullulan cryogels via degradation, an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, was loaded into pullulan cryogels (pullulan-cipro), and the loading amount of drug was calculated as 105.40 ± 2.6 µg/mg. The release of ciprofloxacin from the pullulan-cipro cryogel was investigated in vitro at 37.5 °C in physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The amount of drug released within 24 h was determined as 39.26 ± 3.78 µg/mg, which is equal to 41.38% ± 3.58% of the loaded drug. Only 0.1 mg of pullulan-cipro cryogel was found to inhibit half of the growing <i<Escherichia coli</i< (<i<E. coli</i<) and <i<Staphylococcus aureus</i< (<i<S. aureus</i<) colonies for 10 min and totally eradicated within 2 h by the release of the loaded antibiotic. No significant toxicity was determined on L929 fibroblast cells for 0.1 mg drug-loaded pullulan cryogel. In contrast, even 1 mg of drug-loaded pullulan cryogel revealed slight toxicity (e.g., 66% ± 9% cell viability) because of the high concentration of released drug.
abstract_unstemmed	Here, super-macroporous cryogel from a natural polysaccharide, pullulan was synthesized using a cryo-crosslinking technique with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body fluids (pH 1.0, 7.4, and 9.0 buffer solutions) was evaluated. It was observed that the pullulan cryogel degradation was much faster in the pH 9 buffer solution than the pH 1.0 and 7.4 buffer solutions in the same time period. The weight loss of the pullulan cryogel at pH 9.0 within 28 days was determined as 31% ± 2%. To demonstrate the controllable drug delivery potential of pullulan cryogels via degradation, an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, was loaded into pullulan cryogels (pullulan-cipro), and the loading amount of drug was calculated as 105.40 ± 2.6 µg/mg. The release of ciprofloxacin from the pullulan-cipro cryogel was investigated in vitro at 37.5 °C in physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The amount of drug released within 24 h was determined as 39.26 ± 3.78 µg/mg, which is equal to 41.38% ± 3.58% of the loaded drug. Only 0.1 mg of pullulan-cipro cryogel was found to inhibit half of the growing <i<Escherichia coli</i< (<i<E. coli</i<) and <i<Staphylococcus aureus</i< (<i<S. aureus</i<) colonies for 10 min and totally eradicated within 2 h by the release of the loaded antibiotic. No significant toxicity was determined on L929 fibroblast cells for 0.1 mg drug-loaded pullulan cryogel. In contrast, even 1 mg of drug-loaded pullulan cryogel revealed slight toxicity (e.g., 66% ± 9% cell viability) because of the high concentration of released drug.
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title_short	Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability
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The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body fluids (pH 1.0, 7.4, and 9.0 buffer solutions) was evaluated. It was observed that the pullulan cryogel degradation was much faster in the pH 9 buffer solution than the pH 1.0 and 7.4 buffer solutions in the same time period. The weight loss of the pullulan cryogel at pH 9.0 within 28 days was determined as 31% ± 2%. To demonstrate the controllable drug delivery potential of pullulan cryogels via degradation, an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, was loaded into pullulan cryogels (pullulan-cipro), and the loading amount of drug was calculated as 105.40 ± 2.6 µg/mg. The release of ciprofloxacin from the pullulan-cipro cryogel was investigated in vitro at 37.5 °C in physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The amount of drug released within 24 h was determined as 39.26 ± 3.78 µg/mg, which is equal to 41.38% ± 3.58% of the loaded drug. 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Super-Macroporous Pulluan Cryogels as Controlled Active Delivery Systems with Controlled Degradability

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