Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay

Stevia is a semi-perennial crop grown to obtain the diterpene glycosides in its leaves, which are processed to manufacture non-caloric sweeteners. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and fungicide application were evaluated for the management of stevia stem rot (SSR) and Septoria leaf spot (SLS) in lab and field experiments. In 2019 and 2021, experiments using carbon sources for ASD were carried out in microplots at NCSU (Clayton, NC, USA). In 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, field experiments were conducted at CSAEGRO, Mexico (MX) and CEDIT, Paraguay (PY) using a 2 × 3 factorial design with two ASD treatments and three fungicide treatments. ASD treatments included soil amended with cornmeal (MX) or wheat bran (PY) at a rate of 20.2 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, molasses at 10.1 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, and non-amended controls. Fungicide applications included chemical (azoxystrobin), organic (pyroligneous acid, PA), and a non-treated control. ASD was effective in reducing sclerotia viability of <i<Sclerotium rolfsii</i< in laboratory assays (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) and microplot trials (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in NC. During field trials, the viability of sclerotia was significantly reduced (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in soils amended with cornmeal + molasses or wheat bran + molasses as carbon sources for ASD. While there was no significant effectiveness of ASD in reducing SLS in 2020 and 2021 or SSR in MX 2020 field trials (<i<p</i< = 0.83), it did exhibit efficacy on SSR in 2021 (<i<p</i< < 0.001). The application of fungicides was significantly effective in reducing SSR (<i<p</i< = 0.01) and SLS (<i<p</i< = 0.001), with azoxystrobin being the most consistent and PA not being statistically different from the control or azoxystrobin. The effects of ASD on fresh yield were inconsistent, exhibiting significant effects in Mexican fields in 2020 but not in 2021. During Paraguayan field trials, ASD only significantly interacted with fungicide applications in the dry yield in 2022. In the 2020/21 MX and 2020 PY field trials, fungicides were significantly effective in enhancing dry leaf yields, with azoxystrobin showing the highest consistency among treatments and PA variable control. In conclusion, utilizing ASD alongside organic fungicides can be a valuable tool for stevia farmers when the use of chemical fungicides is limited. Further research is required to enhance consistency and reduce the costs associated with these treatments under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez [verfasserIn] Guillermo A. Enciso-Maldonado [verfasserIn] Marco Maidana-Ojeda [verfasserIn] Jose F. Diaz-Najera [verfasserIn] Sergio Ayvar-Serna [verfasserIn] Lindsey D. Thiessen [verfasserIn] H. David Shew [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	sweetener organic agriculture pyroligneous acid soil disinfestation azoxystrobin

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Agronomy - MDPI AG, 2012, 13(2023), 5, p 1358
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:13 ; year:2023 ; number:5, p 1358

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/agronomy13051358

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ094433100

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allfields	10.3390/agronomy13051358 doi (DE-627)DOAJ094433100 (DE-599)DOAJ7dbcd6a2e85347ba946f1c6e7229a985 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez verfasserin aut Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Stevia is a semi-perennial crop grown to obtain the diterpene glycosides in its leaves, which are processed to manufacture non-caloric sweeteners. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and fungicide application were evaluated for the management of stevia stem rot (SSR) and Septoria leaf spot (SLS) in lab and field experiments. In 2019 and 2021, experiments using carbon sources for ASD were carried out in microplots at NCSU (Clayton, NC, USA). In 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, field experiments were conducted at CSAEGRO, Mexico (MX) and CEDIT, Paraguay (PY) using a 2 × 3 factorial design with two ASD treatments and three fungicide treatments. ASD treatments included soil amended with cornmeal (MX) or wheat bran (PY) at a rate of 20.2 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, molasses at 10.1 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, and non-amended controls. Fungicide applications included chemical (azoxystrobin), organic (pyroligneous acid, PA), and a non-treated control. ASD was effective in reducing sclerotia viability of <i<Sclerotium rolfsii</i< in laboratory assays (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) and microplot trials (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in NC. During field trials, the viability of sclerotia was significantly reduced (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in soils amended with cornmeal + molasses or wheat bran + molasses as carbon sources for ASD. While there was no significant effectiveness of ASD in reducing SLS in 2020 and 2021 or SSR in MX 2020 field trials (<i<p</i< = 0.83), it did exhibit efficacy on SSR in 2021 (<i<p</i< < 0.001). The application of fungicides was significantly effective in reducing SSR (<i<p</i< = 0.01) and SLS (<i<p</i< = 0.001), with azoxystrobin being the most consistent and PA not being statistically different from the control or azoxystrobin. The effects of ASD on fresh yield were inconsistent, exhibiting significant effects in Mexican fields in 2020 but not in 2021. During Paraguayan field trials, ASD only significantly interacted with fungicide applications in the dry yield in 2022. In the 2020/21 MX and 2020 PY field trials, fungicides were significantly effective in enhancing dry leaf yields, with azoxystrobin showing the highest consistency among treatments and PA variable control. In conclusion, utilizing ASD alongside organic fungicides can be a valuable tool for stevia farmers when the use of chemical fungicides is limited. Further research is required to enhance consistency and reduce the costs associated with these treatments under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions. <i<Stevia rebaudiana</i< [Bertoni] sweetener organic agriculture pyroligneous acid soil disinfestation azoxystrobin Agriculture S Guillermo A. Enciso-Maldonado verfasserin aut Marco Maidana-Ojeda verfasserin aut Jose F. Diaz-Najera verfasserin aut Sergio Ayvar-Serna verfasserin aut Lindsey D. Thiessen verfasserin aut H. David Shew verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 13(2023), 5, p 1358 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:13 year:2023 number:5, p 1358 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051358 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7dbcd6a2e85347ba946f1c6e7229a985 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1358 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2023 5, p 1358
spelling	10.3390/agronomy13051358 doi (DE-627)DOAJ094433100 (DE-599)DOAJ7dbcd6a2e85347ba946f1c6e7229a985 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez verfasserin aut Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Stevia is a semi-perennial crop grown to obtain the diterpene glycosides in its leaves, which are processed to manufacture non-caloric sweeteners. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and fungicide application were evaluated for the management of stevia stem rot (SSR) and Septoria leaf spot (SLS) in lab and field experiments. In 2019 and 2021, experiments using carbon sources for ASD were carried out in microplots at NCSU (Clayton, NC, USA). In 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, field experiments were conducted at CSAEGRO, Mexico (MX) and CEDIT, Paraguay (PY) using a 2 × 3 factorial design with two ASD treatments and three fungicide treatments. ASD treatments included soil amended with cornmeal (MX) or wheat bran (PY) at a rate of 20.2 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, molasses at 10.1 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, and non-amended controls. Fungicide applications included chemical (azoxystrobin), organic (pyroligneous acid, PA), and a non-treated control. ASD was effective in reducing sclerotia viability of <i<Sclerotium rolfsii</i< in laboratory assays (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) and microplot trials (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in NC. During field trials, the viability of sclerotia was significantly reduced (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in soils amended with cornmeal + molasses or wheat bran + molasses as carbon sources for ASD. While there was no significant effectiveness of ASD in reducing SLS in 2020 and 2021 or SSR in MX 2020 field trials (<i<p</i< = 0.83), it did exhibit efficacy on SSR in 2021 (<i<p</i< < 0.001). The application of fungicides was significantly effective in reducing SSR (<i<p</i< = 0.01) and SLS (<i<p</i< = 0.001), with azoxystrobin being the most consistent and PA not being statistically different from the control or azoxystrobin. The effects of ASD on fresh yield were inconsistent, exhibiting significant effects in Mexican fields in 2020 but not in 2021. During Paraguayan field trials, ASD only significantly interacted with fungicide applications in the dry yield in 2022. In the 2020/21 MX and 2020 PY field trials, fungicides were significantly effective in enhancing dry leaf yields, with azoxystrobin showing the highest consistency among treatments and PA variable control. In conclusion, utilizing ASD alongside organic fungicides can be a valuable tool for stevia farmers when the use of chemical fungicides is limited. Further research is required to enhance consistency and reduce the costs associated with these treatments under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions. <i<Stevia rebaudiana</i< [Bertoni] sweetener organic agriculture pyroligneous acid soil disinfestation azoxystrobin Agriculture S Guillermo A. Enciso-Maldonado verfasserin aut Marco Maidana-Ojeda verfasserin aut Jose F. Diaz-Najera verfasserin aut Sergio Ayvar-Serna verfasserin aut Lindsey D. Thiessen verfasserin aut H. David Shew verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 13(2023), 5, p 1358 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:13 year:2023 number:5, p 1358 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051358 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7dbcd6a2e85347ba946f1c6e7229a985 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1358 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2023 5, p 1358
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/agronomy13051358 doi (DE-627)DOAJ094433100 (DE-599)DOAJ7dbcd6a2e85347ba946f1c6e7229a985 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez verfasserin aut Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Stevia is a semi-perennial crop grown to obtain the diterpene glycosides in its leaves, which are processed to manufacture non-caloric sweeteners. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and fungicide application were evaluated for the management of stevia stem rot (SSR) and Septoria leaf spot (SLS) in lab and field experiments. In 2019 and 2021, experiments using carbon sources for ASD were carried out in microplots at NCSU (Clayton, NC, USA). In 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, field experiments were conducted at CSAEGRO, Mexico (MX) and CEDIT, Paraguay (PY) using a 2 × 3 factorial design with two ASD treatments and three fungicide treatments. ASD treatments included soil amended with cornmeal (MX) or wheat bran (PY) at a rate of 20.2 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, molasses at 10.1 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, and non-amended controls. Fungicide applications included chemical (azoxystrobin), organic (pyroligneous acid, PA), and a non-treated control. ASD was effective in reducing sclerotia viability of <i<Sclerotium rolfsii</i< in laboratory assays (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) and microplot trials (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in NC. During field trials, the viability of sclerotia was significantly reduced (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in soils amended with cornmeal + molasses or wheat bran + molasses as carbon sources for ASD. While there was no significant effectiveness of ASD in reducing SLS in 2020 and 2021 or SSR in MX 2020 field trials (<i<p</i< = 0.83), it did exhibit efficacy on SSR in 2021 (<i<p</i< < 0.001). The application of fungicides was significantly effective in reducing SSR (<i<p</i< = 0.01) and SLS (<i<p</i< = 0.001), with azoxystrobin being the most consistent and PA not being statistically different from the control or azoxystrobin. The effects of ASD on fresh yield were inconsistent, exhibiting significant effects in Mexican fields in 2020 but not in 2021. During Paraguayan field trials, ASD only significantly interacted with fungicide applications in the dry yield in 2022. In the 2020/21 MX and 2020 PY field trials, fungicides were significantly effective in enhancing dry leaf yields, with azoxystrobin showing the highest consistency among treatments and PA variable control. In conclusion, utilizing ASD alongside organic fungicides can be a valuable tool for stevia farmers when the use of chemical fungicides is limited. Further research is required to enhance consistency and reduce the costs associated with these treatments under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions. <i<Stevia rebaudiana</i< [Bertoni] sweetener organic agriculture pyroligneous acid soil disinfestation azoxystrobin Agriculture S Guillermo A. Enciso-Maldonado verfasserin aut Marco Maidana-Ojeda verfasserin aut Jose F. Diaz-Najera verfasserin aut Sergio Ayvar-Serna verfasserin aut Lindsey D. Thiessen verfasserin aut H. David Shew verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 13(2023), 5, p 1358 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:13 year:2023 number:5, p 1358 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051358 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7dbcd6a2e85347ba946f1c6e7229a985 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1358 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2023 5, p 1358
allfieldsGer	10.3390/agronomy13051358 doi (DE-627)DOAJ094433100 (DE-599)DOAJ7dbcd6a2e85347ba946f1c6e7229a985 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez verfasserin aut Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Stevia is a semi-perennial crop grown to obtain the diterpene glycosides in its leaves, which are processed to manufacture non-caloric sweeteners. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and fungicide application were evaluated for the management of stevia stem rot (SSR) and Septoria leaf spot (SLS) in lab and field experiments. In 2019 and 2021, experiments using carbon sources for ASD were carried out in microplots at NCSU (Clayton, NC, USA). In 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, field experiments were conducted at CSAEGRO, Mexico (MX) and CEDIT, Paraguay (PY) using a 2 × 3 factorial design with two ASD treatments and three fungicide treatments. ASD treatments included soil amended with cornmeal (MX) or wheat bran (PY) at a rate of 20.2 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, molasses at 10.1 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, and non-amended controls. Fungicide applications included chemical (azoxystrobin), organic (pyroligneous acid, PA), and a non-treated control. ASD was effective in reducing sclerotia viability of <i<Sclerotium rolfsii</i< in laboratory assays (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) and microplot trials (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in NC. During field trials, the viability of sclerotia was significantly reduced (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in soils amended with cornmeal + molasses or wheat bran + molasses as carbon sources for ASD. While there was no significant effectiveness of ASD in reducing SLS in 2020 and 2021 or SSR in MX 2020 field trials (<i<p</i< = 0.83), it did exhibit efficacy on SSR in 2021 (<i<p</i< < 0.001). The application of fungicides was significantly effective in reducing SSR (<i<p</i< = 0.01) and SLS (<i<p</i< = 0.001), with azoxystrobin being the most consistent and PA not being statistically different from the control or azoxystrobin. The effects of ASD on fresh yield were inconsistent, exhibiting significant effects in Mexican fields in 2020 but not in 2021. During Paraguayan field trials, ASD only significantly interacted with fungicide applications in the dry yield in 2022. In the 2020/21 MX and 2020 PY field trials, fungicides were significantly effective in enhancing dry leaf yields, with azoxystrobin showing the highest consistency among treatments and PA variable control. In conclusion, utilizing ASD alongside organic fungicides can be a valuable tool for stevia farmers when the use of chemical fungicides is limited. Further research is required to enhance consistency and reduce the costs associated with these treatments under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions. <i<Stevia rebaudiana</i< [Bertoni] sweetener organic agriculture pyroligneous acid soil disinfestation azoxystrobin Agriculture S Guillermo A. Enciso-Maldonado verfasserin aut Marco Maidana-Ojeda verfasserin aut Jose F. Diaz-Najera verfasserin aut Sergio Ayvar-Serna verfasserin aut Lindsey D. Thiessen verfasserin aut H. David Shew verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 13(2023), 5, p 1358 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:13 year:2023 number:5, p 1358 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051358 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7dbcd6a2e85347ba946f1c6e7229a985 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1358 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2023 5, p 1358
allfieldsSound	10.3390/agronomy13051358 doi (DE-627)DOAJ094433100 (DE-599)DOAJ7dbcd6a2e85347ba946f1c6e7229a985 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez verfasserin aut Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Stevia is a semi-perennial crop grown to obtain the diterpene glycosides in its leaves, which are processed to manufacture non-caloric sweeteners. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and fungicide application were evaluated for the management of stevia stem rot (SSR) and Septoria leaf spot (SLS) in lab and field experiments. In 2019 and 2021, experiments using carbon sources for ASD were carried out in microplots at NCSU (Clayton, NC, USA). In 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, field experiments were conducted at CSAEGRO, Mexico (MX) and CEDIT, Paraguay (PY) using a 2 × 3 factorial design with two ASD treatments and three fungicide treatments. ASD treatments included soil amended with cornmeal (MX) or wheat bran (PY) at a rate of 20.2 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, molasses at 10.1 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, and non-amended controls. Fungicide applications included chemical (azoxystrobin), organic (pyroligneous acid, PA), and a non-treated control. ASD was effective in reducing sclerotia viability of <i<Sclerotium rolfsii</i< in laboratory assays (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) and microplot trials (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in NC. During field trials, the viability of sclerotia was significantly reduced (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in soils amended with cornmeal + molasses or wheat bran + molasses as carbon sources for ASD. While there was no significant effectiveness of ASD in reducing SLS in 2020 and 2021 or SSR in MX 2020 field trials (<i<p</i< = 0.83), it did exhibit efficacy on SSR in 2021 (<i<p</i< < 0.001). The application of fungicides was significantly effective in reducing SSR (<i<p</i< = 0.01) and SLS (<i<p</i< = 0.001), with azoxystrobin being the most consistent and PA not being statistically different from the control or azoxystrobin. The effects of ASD on fresh yield were inconsistent, exhibiting significant effects in Mexican fields in 2020 but not in 2021. During Paraguayan field trials, ASD only significantly interacted with fungicide applications in the dry yield in 2022. In the 2020/21 MX and 2020 PY field trials, fungicides were significantly effective in enhancing dry leaf yields, with azoxystrobin showing the highest consistency among treatments and PA variable control. In conclusion, utilizing ASD alongside organic fungicides can be a valuable tool for stevia farmers when the use of chemical fungicides is limited. Further research is required to enhance consistency and reduce the costs associated with these treatments under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions. <i<Stevia rebaudiana</i< [Bertoni] sweetener organic agriculture pyroligneous acid soil disinfestation azoxystrobin Agriculture S Guillermo A. Enciso-Maldonado verfasserin aut Marco Maidana-Ojeda verfasserin aut Jose F. Diaz-Najera verfasserin aut Sergio Ayvar-Serna verfasserin aut Lindsey D. Thiessen verfasserin aut H. David Shew verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 13(2023), 5, p 1358 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:13 year:2023 number:5, p 1358 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051358 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7dbcd6a2e85347ba946f1c6e7229a985 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1358 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2023 5, p 1358
language	English
source	In Agronomy 13(2023), 5, p 1358 volume:13 year:2023 number:5, p 1358
sourceStr	In Agronomy 13(2023), 5, p 1358 volume:13 year:2023 number:5, p 1358
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topic_facet	<i<Stevia rebaudiana</i< [Bertoni] sweetener organic agriculture pyroligneous acid soil disinfestation azoxystrobin Agriculture S
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container_title	Agronomy
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez @@aut@@ Guillermo A. Enciso-Maldonado @@aut@@ Marco Maidana-Ojeda @@aut@@ Jose F. Diaz-Najera @@aut@@ Sergio Ayvar-Serna @@aut@@ Lindsey D. Thiessen @@aut@@ H. David Shew @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
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Sanabria-Velazquez</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Stevia is a semi-perennial crop grown to obtain the diterpene glycosides in its leaves, which are processed to manufacture non-caloric sweeteners. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and fungicide application were evaluated for the management of stevia stem rot (SSR) and Septoria leaf spot (SLS) in lab and field experiments. In 2019 and 2021, experiments using carbon sources for ASD were carried out in microplots at NCSU (Clayton, NC, USA). In 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, field experiments were conducted at CSAEGRO, Mexico (MX) and CEDIT, Paraguay (PY) using a 2 × 3 factorial design with two ASD treatments and three fungicide treatments. ASD treatments included soil amended with cornmeal (MX) or wheat bran (PY) at a rate of 20.2 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, molasses at 10.1 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, and non-amended controls. Fungicide applications included chemical (azoxystrobin), organic (pyroligneous acid, PA), and a non-treated control. ASD was effective in reducing sclerotia viability of <i<Sclerotium rolfsii</i< in laboratory assays (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) and microplot trials (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in NC. During field trials, the viability of sclerotia was significantly reduced (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in soils amended with cornmeal + molasses or wheat bran + molasses as carbon sources for ASD. While there was no significant effectiveness of ASD in reducing SLS in 2020 and 2021 or SSR in MX 2020 field trials (<i<p</i< = 0.83), it did exhibit efficacy on SSR in 2021 (<i<p</i< < 0.001). The application of fungicides was significantly effective in reducing SSR (<i<p</i< = 0.01) and SLS (<i<p</i< = 0.001), with azoxystrobin being the most consistent and PA not being statistically different from the control or azoxystrobin. The effects of ASD on fresh yield were inconsistent, exhibiting significant effects in Mexican fields in 2020 but not in 2021. During Paraguayan field trials, ASD only significantly interacted with fungicide applications in the dry yield in 2022. 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author	Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez
spellingShingle	Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez misc <i<Stevia rebaudiana</i< [Bertoni] misc sweetener misc organic agriculture misc pyroligneous acid misc soil disinfestation misc azoxystrobin misc Agriculture misc S Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay
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topic_title	Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay <i<Stevia rebaudiana</i< [Bertoni] sweetener organic agriculture pyroligneous acid soil disinfestation azoxystrobin
topic	misc <i<Stevia rebaudiana</i< [Bertoni] misc sweetener misc organic agriculture misc pyroligneous acid misc soil disinfestation misc azoxystrobin misc Agriculture misc S
topic_unstemmed	misc <i<Stevia rebaudiana</i< [Bertoni] misc sweetener misc organic agriculture misc pyroligneous acid misc soil disinfestation misc azoxystrobin misc Agriculture misc S
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title	Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay
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title_full	Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay
author_sort	Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez
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author_browse	Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez Guillermo A. Enciso-Maldonado Marco Maidana-Ojeda Jose F. Diaz-Najera Sergio Ayvar-Serna Lindsey D. Thiessen H. David Shew
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author-letter	Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez
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title_sort	integrated pathogen management in stevia using anaerobic soil disinfestation combined with different fungicide programs in usa, mexico, and paraguay
title_auth	Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay
abstract	Stevia is a semi-perennial crop grown to obtain the diterpene glycosides in its leaves, which are processed to manufacture non-caloric sweeteners. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and fungicide application were evaluated for the management of stevia stem rot (SSR) and Septoria leaf spot (SLS) in lab and field experiments. In 2019 and 2021, experiments using carbon sources for ASD were carried out in microplots at NCSU (Clayton, NC, USA). In 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, field experiments were conducted at CSAEGRO, Mexico (MX) and CEDIT, Paraguay (PY) using a 2 × 3 factorial design with two ASD treatments and three fungicide treatments. ASD treatments included soil amended with cornmeal (MX) or wheat bran (PY) at a rate of 20.2 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, molasses at 10.1 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, and non-amended controls. Fungicide applications included chemical (azoxystrobin), organic (pyroligneous acid, PA), and a non-treated control. ASD was effective in reducing sclerotia viability of <i<Sclerotium rolfsii</i< in laboratory assays (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) and microplot trials (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in NC. During field trials, the viability of sclerotia was significantly reduced (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in soils amended with cornmeal + molasses or wheat bran + molasses as carbon sources for ASD. While there was no significant effectiveness of ASD in reducing SLS in 2020 and 2021 or SSR in MX 2020 field trials (<i<p</i< = 0.83), it did exhibit efficacy on SSR in 2021 (<i<p</i< < 0.001). The application of fungicides was significantly effective in reducing SSR (<i<p</i< = 0.01) and SLS (<i<p</i< = 0.001), with azoxystrobin being the most consistent and PA not being statistically different from the control or azoxystrobin. The effects of ASD on fresh yield were inconsistent, exhibiting significant effects in Mexican fields in 2020 but not in 2021. During Paraguayan field trials, ASD only significantly interacted with fungicide applications in the dry yield in 2022. In the 2020/21 MX and 2020 PY field trials, fungicides were significantly effective in enhancing dry leaf yields, with azoxystrobin showing the highest consistency among treatments and PA variable control. In conclusion, utilizing ASD alongside organic fungicides can be a valuable tool for stevia farmers when the use of chemical fungicides is limited. Further research is required to enhance consistency and reduce the costs associated with these treatments under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions.
abstractGer	Stevia is a semi-perennial crop grown to obtain the diterpene glycosides in its leaves, which are processed to manufacture non-caloric sweeteners. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and fungicide application were evaluated for the management of stevia stem rot (SSR) and Septoria leaf spot (SLS) in lab and field experiments. In 2019 and 2021, experiments using carbon sources for ASD were carried out in microplots at NCSU (Clayton, NC, USA). In 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, field experiments were conducted at CSAEGRO, Mexico (MX) and CEDIT, Paraguay (PY) using a 2 × 3 factorial design with two ASD treatments and three fungicide treatments. ASD treatments included soil amended with cornmeal (MX) or wheat bran (PY) at a rate of 20.2 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, molasses at 10.1 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, and non-amended controls. Fungicide applications included chemical (azoxystrobin), organic (pyroligneous acid, PA), and a non-treated control. ASD was effective in reducing sclerotia viability of <i<Sclerotium rolfsii</i< in laboratory assays (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) and microplot trials (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in NC. During field trials, the viability of sclerotia was significantly reduced (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in soils amended with cornmeal + molasses or wheat bran + molasses as carbon sources for ASD. While there was no significant effectiveness of ASD in reducing SLS in 2020 and 2021 or SSR in MX 2020 field trials (<i<p</i< = 0.83), it did exhibit efficacy on SSR in 2021 (<i<p</i< < 0.001). The application of fungicides was significantly effective in reducing SSR (<i<p</i< = 0.01) and SLS (<i<p</i< = 0.001), with azoxystrobin being the most consistent and PA not being statistically different from the control or azoxystrobin. The effects of ASD on fresh yield were inconsistent, exhibiting significant effects in Mexican fields in 2020 but not in 2021. During Paraguayan field trials, ASD only significantly interacted with fungicide applications in the dry yield in 2022. In the 2020/21 MX and 2020 PY field trials, fungicides were significantly effective in enhancing dry leaf yields, with azoxystrobin showing the highest consistency among treatments and PA variable control. In conclusion, utilizing ASD alongside organic fungicides can be a valuable tool for stevia farmers when the use of chemical fungicides is limited. Further research is required to enhance consistency and reduce the costs associated with these treatments under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions.
abstract_unstemmed	Stevia is a semi-perennial crop grown to obtain the diterpene glycosides in its leaves, which are processed to manufacture non-caloric sweeteners. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and fungicide application were evaluated for the management of stevia stem rot (SSR) and Septoria leaf spot (SLS) in lab and field experiments. In 2019 and 2021, experiments using carbon sources for ASD were carried out in microplots at NCSU (Clayton, NC, USA). In 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, field experiments were conducted at CSAEGRO, Mexico (MX) and CEDIT, Paraguay (PY) using a 2 × 3 factorial design with two ASD treatments and three fungicide treatments. ASD treatments included soil amended with cornmeal (MX) or wheat bran (PY) at a rate of 20.2 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, molasses at 10.1 Mg ha<sup<−1</sup<, and non-amended controls. Fungicide applications included chemical (azoxystrobin), organic (pyroligneous acid, PA), and a non-treated control. ASD was effective in reducing sclerotia viability of <i<Sclerotium rolfsii</i< in laboratory assays (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) and microplot trials (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in NC. During field trials, the viability of sclerotia was significantly reduced (<i<p</i< < 0.0001) in soils amended with cornmeal + molasses or wheat bran + molasses as carbon sources for ASD. While there was no significant effectiveness of ASD in reducing SLS in 2020 and 2021 or SSR in MX 2020 field trials (<i<p</i< = 0.83), it did exhibit efficacy on SSR in 2021 (<i<p</i< < 0.001). The application of fungicides was significantly effective in reducing SSR (<i<p</i< = 0.01) and SLS (<i<p</i< = 0.001), with azoxystrobin being the most consistent and PA not being statistically different from the control or azoxystrobin. The effects of ASD on fresh yield were inconsistent, exhibiting significant effects in Mexican fields in 2020 but not in 2021. During Paraguayan field trials, ASD only significantly interacted with fungicide applications in the dry yield in 2022. In the 2020/21 MX and 2020 PY field trials, fungicides were significantly effective in enhancing dry leaf yields, with azoxystrobin showing the highest consistency among treatments and PA variable control. In conclusion, utilizing ASD alongside organic fungicides can be a valuable tool for stevia farmers when the use of chemical fungicides is limited. Further research is required to enhance consistency and reduce the costs associated with these treatments under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions.
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title_short	Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay
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Integrated Pathogen Management in Stevia Using Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Combined with Different Fungicide Programs in USA, Mexico, and Paraguay

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