Fertility policy changes, maternal and foetal characteristics and birth timing patterns at a tertiary referral centre in Beijing: a ten-year retrospective study
Objective This study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Data from medical reg...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Tao Wei [verfasserIn] Jing Huang [verfasserIn] Fei Zhao [verfasserIn] Dehui Wang [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2024 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: BMJ Open - BMJ Publishing Group, 2011, 14(2024), 2 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:14 ; year:2024 ; number:2 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ094531374 |
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| 520 | |a Objective This study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Data from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.Participants We included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013–September 2023.Main outcomes The main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.Results The birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 and R¯ values close to 1, respectively).Conclusion The ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00–15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth. | ||
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10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 doi (DE-627)DOAJ094531374 (DE-599)DOAJd8d944cdb8d745f397c82290a7ffb749 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Tao Wei verfasserin aut Fertility policy changes, maternal and foetal characteristics and birth timing patterns at a tertiary referral centre in Beijing: a ten-year retrospective study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective This study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Data from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.Participants We included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013–September 2023.Main outcomes The main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.Results The birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 and R¯ values close to 1, respectively).Conclusion The ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00–15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth. Medicine R Jing Huang verfasserin aut Fei Zhao verfasserin aut Dehui Wang verfasserin aut In BMJ Open BMJ Publishing Group, 2011 14(2024), 2 (DE-627)654747075 (DE-600)2599832-8 20446055 nnns volume:14 year:2024 number:2 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d8d944cdb8d745f397c82290a7ffb749 kostenfrei https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/2/e076987.full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2044-6055 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_375 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2024 2 |
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10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 doi (DE-627)DOAJ094531374 (DE-599)DOAJd8d944cdb8d745f397c82290a7ffb749 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Tao Wei verfasserin aut Fertility policy changes, maternal and foetal characteristics and birth timing patterns at a tertiary referral centre in Beijing: a ten-year retrospective study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective This study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Data from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.Participants We included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013–September 2023.Main outcomes The main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.Results The birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 and R¯ values close to 1, respectively).Conclusion The ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00–15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth. Medicine R Jing Huang verfasserin aut Fei Zhao verfasserin aut Dehui Wang verfasserin aut In BMJ Open BMJ Publishing Group, 2011 14(2024), 2 (DE-627)654747075 (DE-600)2599832-8 20446055 nnns volume:14 year:2024 number:2 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d8d944cdb8d745f397c82290a7ffb749 kostenfrei https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/2/e076987.full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2044-6055 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_375 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2024 2 |
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10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 doi (DE-627)DOAJ094531374 (DE-599)DOAJd8d944cdb8d745f397c82290a7ffb749 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Tao Wei verfasserin aut Fertility policy changes, maternal and foetal characteristics and birth timing patterns at a tertiary referral centre in Beijing: a ten-year retrospective study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective This study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Data from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.Participants We included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013–September 2023.Main outcomes The main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.Results The birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 and R¯ values close to 1, respectively).Conclusion The ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00–15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth. Medicine R Jing Huang verfasserin aut Fei Zhao verfasserin aut Dehui Wang verfasserin aut In BMJ Open BMJ Publishing Group, 2011 14(2024), 2 (DE-627)654747075 (DE-600)2599832-8 20446055 nnns volume:14 year:2024 number:2 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d8d944cdb8d745f397c82290a7ffb749 kostenfrei https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/2/e076987.full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2044-6055 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_375 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2024 2 |
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10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 doi (DE-627)DOAJ094531374 (DE-599)DOAJd8d944cdb8d745f397c82290a7ffb749 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Tao Wei verfasserin aut Fertility policy changes, maternal and foetal characteristics and birth timing patterns at a tertiary referral centre in Beijing: a ten-year retrospective study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective This study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Data from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.Participants We included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013–September 2023.Main outcomes The main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.Results The birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 and R¯ values close to 1, respectively).Conclusion The ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00–15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth. Medicine R Jing Huang verfasserin aut Fei Zhao verfasserin aut Dehui Wang verfasserin aut In BMJ Open BMJ Publishing Group, 2011 14(2024), 2 (DE-627)654747075 (DE-600)2599832-8 20446055 nnns volume:14 year:2024 number:2 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d8d944cdb8d745f397c82290a7ffb749 kostenfrei https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/2/e076987.full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2044-6055 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_375 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2024 2 |
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10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 doi (DE-627)DOAJ094531374 (DE-599)DOAJd8d944cdb8d745f397c82290a7ffb749 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Tao Wei verfasserin aut Fertility policy changes, maternal and foetal characteristics and birth timing patterns at a tertiary referral centre in Beijing: a ten-year retrospective study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective This study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Data from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.Participants We included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013–September 2023.Main outcomes The main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.Results The birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 and R¯ values close to 1, respectively).Conclusion The ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00–15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth. Medicine R Jing Huang verfasserin aut Fei Zhao verfasserin aut Dehui Wang verfasserin aut In BMJ Open BMJ Publishing Group, 2011 14(2024), 2 (DE-627)654747075 (DE-600)2599832-8 20446055 nnns volume:14 year:2024 number:2 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076987 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d8d944cdb8d745f397c82290a7ffb749 kostenfrei https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/2/e076987.full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2044-6055 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_375 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2024 2 |
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Fertility policy changes, maternal and foetal characteristics and birth timing patterns at a tertiary referral centre in Beijing: a ten-year retrospective study |
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Objective This study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Data from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.Participants We included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013–September 2023.Main outcomes The main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.Results The birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 and R¯ values close to 1, respectively).Conclusion The ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00–15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth. |
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Objective This study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Data from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.Participants We included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013–September 2023.Main outcomes The main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.Results The birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 and R¯ values close to 1, respectively).Conclusion The ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00–15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth. |
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Objective This study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Data from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.Participants We included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013–September 2023.Main outcomes The main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.Results The birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 and R¯ values close to 1, respectively).Conclusion The ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00–15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth. |
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This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p&lt;0.001 and R¯ values close to 1, respectively).Conclusion The ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. 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