Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang

Abstract The construction of super large section (SLS) shallow buried tunnels involves challenges related to their large span, high flat rate, and complex construction process. Selecting an appropriate excavation method is crucial for ensuring stability, controlling costs, and managing the construct...
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Autor*in:	Yunteng Chen [verfasserIn] Xiaoliang Geng [verfasserIn] Jianjun Li [verfasserIn] Mingfeng Zhang [verfasserIn] Chengfeng Zhu [verfasserIn] Mingcheng Cai [verfasserIn] Wenlin Zhao [verfasserIn] Xin Zhou [verfasserIn] Tianzuo Wang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	Super large section tunnels Mechanical responses Construction optimization Field monitoring Numerical simulation

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Scientific Reports - Nature Portfolio, 2011, 14(2024), 1, Seite 13
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2024 ; number:1 ; pages:13

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ09566341X

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allfields	10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09566341X (DE-599)DOAJ47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Yunteng Chen verfasserin aut Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The construction of super large section (SLS) shallow buried tunnels involves challenges related to their large span, high flat rate, and complex construction process. Selecting an appropriate excavation method is crucial for ensuring stability, controlling costs, and managing the construction timeline. This study focuses on the selection of excavation methods and the mechanical responses of SLS tunnels in different types of surrounding rock. The research is based on the Yangjiashan tunnel project in Zhejiang Province, China, which is a four-line highway tunnel with a span of 21.3 m. Three sequential excavation methods were proposed and simulated using the three-dimensional finite difference method: the “upper first and lower later” side drift (SD) method, the central diaphragm method, and the top heading and bench (HB) method. The mechanical response characteristics of tunnel construction under these methods were investigated, including rock deformation, rock pressure, and the internal forces acting on the primary support. By comparing the performance of the three construction methods in rock masses of Grades III to V, the study aimed to determine the optimal construction method for SLS tunnels considering factors such as safety, cost, and schedule. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized construction scheme. The results of the field monitoring indicated that the “upper first and lower later” SD method in Grade V rock mass and the HB method in Grade III to IV rock mass are feasible and cost-effective under certain conditions. The research findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of SLS tunnels in complex conditions, serving as a reference for engineers and project managers. Super large section tunnels Mechanical responses Construction optimization Field monitoring Numerical simulation Medicine R Science Q Xiaoliang Geng verfasserin aut Jianjun Li verfasserin aut Mingfeng Zhang verfasserin aut Chengfeng Zhu verfasserin aut Mingcheng Cai verfasserin aut Wenlin Zhao verfasserin aut Xin Zhou verfasserin aut Tianzuo Wang verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 14(2024), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:14 year:2024 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2024 1 13
spelling	10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09566341X (DE-599)DOAJ47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Yunteng Chen verfasserin aut Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The construction of super large section (SLS) shallow buried tunnels involves challenges related to their large span, high flat rate, and complex construction process. Selecting an appropriate excavation method is crucial for ensuring stability, controlling costs, and managing the construction timeline. This study focuses on the selection of excavation methods and the mechanical responses of SLS tunnels in different types of surrounding rock. The research is based on the Yangjiashan tunnel project in Zhejiang Province, China, which is a four-line highway tunnel with a span of 21.3 m. Three sequential excavation methods were proposed and simulated using the three-dimensional finite difference method: the “upper first and lower later” side drift (SD) method, the central diaphragm method, and the top heading and bench (HB) method. The mechanical response characteristics of tunnel construction under these methods were investigated, including rock deformation, rock pressure, and the internal forces acting on the primary support. By comparing the performance of the three construction methods in rock masses of Grades III to V, the study aimed to determine the optimal construction method for SLS tunnels considering factors such as safety, cost, and schedule. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized construction scheme. The results of the field monitoring indicated that the “upper first and lower later” SD method in Grade V rock mass and the HB method in Grade III to IV rock mass are feasible and cost-effective under certain conditions. The research findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of SLS tunnels in complex conditions, serving as a reference for engineers and project managers. Super large section tunnels Mechanical responses Construction optimization Field monitoring Numerical simulation Medicine R Science Q Xiaoliang Geng verfasserin aut Jianjun Li verfasserin aut Mingfeng Zhang verfasserin aut Chengfeng Zhu verfasserin aut Mingcheng Cai verfasserin aut Wenlin Zhao verfasserin aut Xin Zhou verfasserin aut Tianzuo Wang verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 14(2024), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:14 year:2024 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2024 1 13
allfields_unstemmed	10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09566341X (DE-599)DOAJ47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Yunteng Chen verfasserin aut Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The construction of super large section (SLS) shallow buried tunnels involves challenges related to their large span, high flat rate, and complex construction process. Selecting an appropriate excavation method is crucial for ensuring stability, controlling costs, and managing the construction timeline. This study focuses on the selection of excavation methods and the mechanical responses of SLS tunnels in different types of surrounding rock. The research is based on the Yangjiashan tunnel project in Zhejiang Province, China, which is a four-line highway tunnel with a span of 21.3 m. Three sequential excavation methods were proposed and simulated using the three-dimensional finite difference method: the “upper first and lower later” side drift (SD) method, the central diaphragm method, and the top heading and bench (HB) method. The mechanical response characteristics of tunnel construction under these methods were investigated, including rock deformation, rock pressure, and the internal forces acting on the primary support. By comparing the performance of the three construction methods in rock masses of Grades III to V, the study aimed to determine the optimal construction method for SLS tunnels considering factors such as safety, cost, and schedule. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized construction scheme. The results of the field monitoring indicated that the “upper first and lower later” SD method in Grade V rock mass and the HB method in Grade III to IV rock mass are feasible and cost-effective under certain conditions. The research findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of SLS tunnels in complex conditions, serving as a reference for engineers and project managers. Super large section tunnels Mechanical responses Construction optimization Field monitoring Numerical simulation Medicine R Science Q Xiaoliang Geng verfasserin aut Jianjun Li verfasserin aut Mingfeng Zhang verfasserin aut Chengfeng Zhu verfasserin aut Mingcheng Cai verfasserin aut Wenlin Zhao verfasserin aut Xin Zhou verfasserin aut Tianzuo Wang verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 14(2024), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:14 year:2024 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2024 1 13
allfieldsGer	10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09566341X (DE-599)DOAJ47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Yunteng Chen verfasserin aut Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The construction of super large section (SLS) shallow buried tunnels involves challenges related to their large span, high flat rate, and complex construction process. Selecting an appropriate excavation method is crucial for ensuring stability, controlling costs, and managing the construction timeline. This study focuses on the selection of excavation methods and the mechanical responses of SLS tunnels in different types of surrounding rock. The research is based on the Yangjiashan tunnel project in Zhejiang Province, China, which is a four-line highway tunnel with a span of 21.3 m. Three sequential excavation methods were proposed and simulated using the three-dimensional finite difference method: the “upper first and lower later” side drift (SD) method, the central diaphragm method, and the top heading and bench (HB) method. The mechanical response characteristics of tunnel construction under these methods were investigated, including rock deformation, rock pressure, and the internal forces acting on the primary support. By comparing the performance of the three construction methods in rock masses of Grades III to V, the study aimed to determine the optimal construction method for SLS tunnels considering factors such as safety, cost, and schedule. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized construction scheme. The results of the field monitoring indicated that the “upper first and lower later” SD method in Grade V rock mass and the HB method in Grade III to IV rock mass are feasible and cost-effective under certain conditions. The research findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of SLS tunnels in complex conditions, serving as a reference for engineers and project managers. Super large section tunnels Mechanical responses Construction optimization Field monitoring Numerical simulation Medicine R Science Q Xiaoliang Geng verfasserin aut Jianjun Li verfasserin aut Mingfeng Zhang verfasserin aut Chengfeng Zhu verfasserin aut Mingcheng Cai verfasserin aut Wenlin Zhao verfasserin aut Xin Zhou verfasserin aut Tianzuo Wang verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 14(2024), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:14 year:2024 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2024 1 13
allfieldsSound	10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09566341X (DE-599)DOAJ47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Yunteng Chen verfasserin aut Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The construction of super large section (SLS) shallow buried tunnels involves challenges related to their large span, high flat rate, and complex construction process. Selecting an appropriate excavation method is crucial for ensuring stability, controlling costs, and managing the construction timeline. This study focuses on the selection of excavation methods and the mechanical responses of SLS tunnels in different types of surrounding rock. The research is based on the Yangjiashan tunnel project in Zhejiang Province, China, which is a four-line highway tunnel with a span of 21.3 m. Three sequential excavation methods were proposed and simulated using the three-dimensional finite difference method: the “upper first and lower later” side drift (SD) method, the central diaphragm method, and the top heading and bench (HB) method. The mechanical response characteristics of tunnel construction under these methods were investigated, including rock deformation, rock pressure, and the internal forces acting on the primary support. By comparing the performance of the three construction methods in rock masses of Grades III to V, the study aimed to determine the optimal construction method for SLS tunnels considering factors such as safety, cost, and schedule. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized construction scheme. The results of the field monitoring indicated that the “upper first and lower later” SD method in Grade V rock mass and the HB method in Grade III to IV rock mass are feasible and cost-effective under certain conditions. The research findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of SLS tunnels in complex conditions, serving as a reference for engineers and project managers. Super large section tunnels Mechanical responses Construction optimization Field monitoring Numerical simulation Medicine R Science Q Xiaoliang Geng verfasserin aut Jianjun Li verfasserin aut Mingfeng Zhang verfasserin aut Chengfeng Zhu verfasserin aut Mingcheng Cai verfasserin aut Wenlin Zhao verfasserin aut Xin Zhou verfasserin aut Tianzuo Wang verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 14(2024), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:14 year:2024 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2024 1 13
language	English
source	In Scientific Reports 14(2024), 1, Seite 13 volume:14 year:2024 number:1 pages:13
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Yunteng Chen @@aut@@ Xiaoliang Geng @@aut@@ Jianjun Li @@aut@@ Mingfeng Zhang @@aut@@ Chengfeng Zhu @@aut@@ Mingcheng Cai @@aut@@ Wenlin Zhao @@aut@@ Xin Zhou @@aut@@ Tianzuo Wang @@aut@@
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author	Yunteng Chen
spellingShingle	Yunteng Chen misc Super large section tunnels misc Mechanical responses misc Construction optimization misc Field monitoring misc Numerical simulation misc Medicine misc R misc Science misc Q Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang
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topic_title	Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang Super large section tunnels Mechanical responses Construction optimization Field monitoring Numerical simulation
topic	misc Super large section tunnels misc Mechanical responses misc Construction optimization misc Field monitoring misc Numerical simulation misc Medicine misc R misc Science misc Q
topic_unstemmed	misc Super large section tunnels misc Mechanical responses misc Construction optimization misc Field monitoring misc Numerical simulation misc Medicine misc R misc Science misc Q
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title	Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang
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title_sort	excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in zhejiang
title_auth	Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang
abstract	Abstract The construction of super large section (SLS) shallow buried tunnels involves challenges related to their large span, high flat rate, and complex construction process. Selecting an appropriate excavation method is crucial for ensuring stability, controlling costs, and managing the construction timeline. This study focuses on the selection of excavation methods and the mechanical responses of SLS tunnels in different types of surrounding rock. The research is based on the Yangjiashan tunnel project in Zhejiang Province, China, which is a four-line highway tunnel with a span of 21.3 m. Three sequential excavation methods were proposed and simulated using the three-dimensional finite difference method: the “upper first and lower later” side drift (SD) method, the central diaphragm method, and the top heading and bench (HB) method. The mechanical response characteristics of tunnel construction under these methods were investigated, including rock deformation, rock pressure, and the internal forces acting on the primary support. By comparing the performance of the three construction methods in rock masses of Grades III to V, the study aimed to determine the optimal construction method for SLS tunnels considering factors such as safety, cost, and schedule. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized construction scheme. The results of the field monitoring indicated that the “upper first and lower later” SD method in Grade V rock mass and the HB method in Grade III to IV rock mass are feasible and cost-effective under certain conditions. The research findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of SLS tunnels in complex conditions, serving as a reference for engineers and project managers.
abstractGer	Abstract The construction of super large section (SLS) shallow buried tunnels involves challenges related to their large span, high flat rate, and complex construction process. Selecting an appropriate excavation method is crucial for ensuring stability, controlling costs, and managing the construction timeline. This study focuses on the selection of excavation methods and the mechanical responses of SLS tunnels in different types of surrounding rock. The research is based on the Yangjiashan tunnel project in Zhejiang Province, China, which is a four-line highway tunnel with a span of 21.3 m. Three sequential excavation methods were proposed and simulated using the three-dimensional finite difference method: the “upper first and lower later” side drift (SD) method, the central diaphragm method, and the top heading and bench (HB) method. The mechanical response characteristics of tunnel construction under these methods were investigated, including rock deformation, rock pressure, and the internal forces acting on the primary support. By comparing the performance of the three construction methods in rock masses of Grades III to V, the study aimed to determine the optimal construction method for SLS tunnels considering factors such as safety, cost, and schedule. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized construction scheme. The results of the field monitoring indicated that the “upper first and lower later” SD method in Grade V rock mass and the HB method in Grade III to IV rock mass are feasible and cost-effective under certain conditions. The research findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of SLS tunnels in complex conditions, serving as a reference for engineers and project managers.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract The construction of super large section (SLS) shallow buried tunnels involves challenges related to their large span, high flat rate, and complex construction process. Selecting an appropriate excavation method is crucial for ensuring stability, controlling costs, and managing the construction timeline. This study focuses on the selection of excavation methods and the mechanical responses of SLS tunnels in different types of surrounding rock. The research is based on the Yangjiashan tunnel project in Zhejiang Province, China, which is a four-line highway tunnel with a span of 21.3 m. Three sequential excavation methods were proposed and simulated using the three-dimensional finite difference method: the “upper first and lower later” side drift (SD) method, the central diaphragm method, and the top heading and bench (HB) method. The mechanical response characteristics of tunnel construction under these methods were investigated, including rock deformation, rock pressure, and the internal forces acting on the primary support. By comparing the performance of the three construction methods in rock masses of Grades III to V, the study aimed to determine the optimal construction method for SLS tunnels considering factors such as safety, cost, and schedule. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized construction scheme. The results of the field monitoring indicated that the “upper first and lower later” SD method in Grade V rock mass and the HB method in Grade III to IV rock mass are feasible and cost-effective under certain conditions. The research findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of SLS tunnels in complex conditions, serving as a reference for engineers and project managers.
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title_short	Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang
url	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56982-7 https://doaj.org/article/47f35c7c512c4dfcaa6c9c598325f81d https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322
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Selecting an appropriate excavation method is crucial for ensuring stability, controlling costs, and managing the construction timeline. This study focuses on the selection of excavation methods and the mechanical responses of SLS tunnels in different types of surrounding rock. The research is based on the Yangjiashan tunnel project in Zhejiang Province, China, which is a four-line highway tunnel with a span of 21.3 m. Three sequential excavation methods were proposed and simulated using the three-dimensional finite difference method: the “upper first and lower later” side drift (SD) method, the central diaphragm method, and the top heading and bench (HB) method. The mechanical response characteristics of tunnel construction under these methods were investigated, including rock deformation, rock pressure, and the internal forces acting on the primary support. By comparing the performance of the three construction methods in rock masses of Grades III to V, the study aimed to determine the optimal construction method for SLS tunnels considering factors such as safety, cost, and schedule. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized construction scheme. The results of the field monitoring indicated that the “upper first and lower later” SD method in Grade V rock mass and the HB method in Grade III to IV rock mass are feasible and cost-effective under certain conditions. The research findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of SLS tunnels in complex conditions, serving as a reference for engineers and project managers.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Super large section tunnels</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Mechanical responses</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Construction optimization</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Field monitoring</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Numerical simulation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Medicine</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Science</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " 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Excavation method optimization and mechanical responses investigating of a shallow buried super large section tunnels: a case study in Zhejiang

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