Lactic Acid Salts of Nicotine Potentiate the Transfer of Toxic Metals into Electronic Cigarette Aerosols

The designs and liquid formulations of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) devices continue to rapidly evolve. Thus, it is important to monitor and characterize ENDS aerosols for changes in toxic constituents. Many ENDS liquid formulations now include the addition of organic acids in a 1 to 1...
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Autor*in:	R. Steven Pappas [verfasserIn] Naudia Gray [verfasserIn] Mary Halstead [verfasserIn] Clifford H. Watson [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	metals vaping aerosol nicotine lactic acid benzoic acid

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Toxics - MDPI AG, 2014, 12(2024), 1, p 65
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2024 ; number:1, p 65

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/toxics12010065

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ096297352

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allfieldsSound	10.3390/toxics12010065 doi (DE-627)DOAJ096297352 (DE-599)DOAJ1a6462bd739949fc8158c6d434c38734 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 R. Steven Pappas verfasserin aut Lactic Acid Salts of Nicotine Potentiate the Transfer of Toxic Metals into Electronic Cigarette Aerosols 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The designs and liquid formulations of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) devices continue to rapidly evolve. Thus, it is important to monitor and characterize ENDS aerosols for changes in toxic constituents. Many ENDS liquid formulations now include the addition of organic acids in a 1 to 1 molar ratio with nicotine. Metal concentrations in aerosols produced by ENDS devices with different nicotine salt formulations were analyzed. Aerosols from devices containing lactic acid had higher nickel, zinc, copper, and chromium concentrations than aerosols produced by devices containing benzoic acid or levulinic acid. Our scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analytical findings showed that the metals determined in the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analytical results were consistent with the metal compositions of the ENDS device components that were exposed to the liquids and that nickel is a major constituent in many ENDS internal components. As a result of the exposure of the nickel-containing components to the ENDS liquids, resulting aerosol nickel concentrations per puff were higher from devices that contained lactic acid in comparison to devices with benzoic or levulinic acid. The aerosol nickel concentrations in 10 puffs from ENDS-containing lactic acid were, in some cases, hundreds of times higher than cigarette mainstream smoke nickel deliveries. Thus, the design of an ENDS device in terms of both physical construction components and the liquid chemical formulations could directly impact potential exposures to toxic constituents such as metals. metals vaping aerosol nicotine lactic acid benzoic acid Chemical technology Naudia Gray verfasserin aut Mary Halstead verfasserin aut Clifford H. Watson verfasserin aut In Toxics MDPI AG, 2014 12(2024), 1, p 65 (DE-627)768577497 (DE-600)2733883-6 23056304 nnns volume:12 year:2024 number:1, p 65 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010065 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1a6462bd739949fc8158c6d434c38734 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/65 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2305-6304 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2024 1, p 65
language	English
source	In Toxics 12(2024), 1, p 65 volume:12 year:2024 number:1, p 65
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format_phy_str_mv	Article
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topic_facet	metals vaping aerosol nicotine lactic acid benzoic acid Chemical technology
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	R. Steven Pappas @@aut@@ Naudia Gray @@aut@@ Mary Halstead @@aut@@ Clifford H. Watson @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	R. Steven Pappas
spellingShingle	R. Steven Pappas misc TP1-1185 misc metals misc vaping misc aerosol misc nicotine misc lactic acid misc benzoic acid misc Chemical technology Lactic Acid Salts of Nicotine Potentiate the Transfer of Toxic Metals into Electronic Cigarette Aerosols
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topic_title	TP1-1185 Lactic Acid Salts of Nicotine Potentiate the Transfer of Toxic Metals into Electronic Cigarette Aerosols metals vaping aerosol nicotine lactic acid benzoic acid
topic	misc TP1-1185 misc metals misc vaping misc aerosol misc nicotine misc lactic acid misc benzoic acid misc Chemical technology
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title	Lactic Acid Salts of Nicotine Potentiate the Transfer of Toxic Metals into Electronic Cigarette Aerosols
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title_full	Lactic Acid Salts of Nicotine Potentiate the Transfer of Toxic Metals into Electronic Cigarette Aerosols
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title_sort	lactic acid salts of nicotine potentiate the transfer of toxic metals into electronic cigarette aerosols
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title_auth	Lactic Acid Salts of Nicotine Potentiate the Transfer of Toxic Metals into Electronic Cigarette Aerosols
abstract	The designs and liquid formulations of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) devices continue to rapidly evolve. Thus, it is important to monitor and characterize ENDS aerosols for changes in toxic constituents. Many ENDS liquid formulations now include the addition of organic acids in a 1 to 1 molar ratio with nicotine. Metal concentrations in aerosols produced by ENDS devices with different nicotine salt formulations were analyzed. Aerosols from devices containing lactic acid had higher nickel, zinc, copper, and chromium concentrations than aerosols produced by devices containing benzoic acid or levulinic acid. Our scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analytical findings showed that the metals determined in the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analytical results were consistent with the metal compositions of the ENDS device components that were exposed to the liquids and that nickel is a major constituent in many ENDS internal components. As a result of the exposure of the nickel-containing components to the ENDS liquids, resulting aerosol nickel concentrations per puff were higher from devices that contained lactic acid in comparison to devices with benzoic or levulinic acid. The aerosol nickel concentrations in 10 puffs from ENDS-containing lactic acid were, in some cases, hundreds of times higher than cigarette mainstream smoke nickel deliveries. Thus, the design of an ENDS device in terms of both physical construction components and the liquid chemical formulations could directly impact potential exposures to toxic constituents such as metals.
abstractGer	The designs and liquid formulations of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) devices continue to rapidly evolve. Thus, it is important to monitor and characterize ENDS aerosols for changes in toxic constituents. Many ENDS liquid formulations now include the addition of organic acids in a 1 to 1 molar ratio with nicotine. Metal concentrations in aerosols produced by ENDS devices with different nicotine salt formulations were analyzed. Aerosols from devices containing lactic acid had higher nickel, zinc, copper, and chromium concentrations than aerosols produced by devices containing benzoic acid or levulinic acid. Our scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analytical findings showed that the metals determined in the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analytical results were consistent with the metal compositions of the ENDS device components that were exposed to the liquids and that nickel is a major constituent in many ENDS internal components. As a result of the exposure of the nickel-containing components to the ENDS liquids, resulting aerosol nickel concentrations per puff were higher from devices that contained lactic acid in comparison to devices with benzoic or levulinic acid. The aerosol nickel concentrations in 10 puffs from ENDS-containing lactic acid were, in some cases, hundreds of times higher than cigarette mainstream smoke nickel deliveries. Thus, the design of an ENDS device in terms of both physical construction components and the liquid chemical formulations could directly impact potential exposures to toxic constituents such as metals.
abstract_unstemmed	The designs and liquid formulations of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) devices continue to rapidly evolve. Thus, it is important to monitor and characterize ENDS aerosols for changes in toxic constituents. Many ENDS liquid formulations now include the addition of organic acids in a 1 to 1 molar ratio with nicotine. Metal concentrations in aerosols produced by ENDS devices with different nicotine salt formulations were analyzed. Aerosols from devices containing lactic acid had higher nickel, zinc, copper, and chromium concentrations than aerosols produced by devices containing benzoic acid or levulinic acid. Our scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analytical findings showed that the metals determined in the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analytical results were consistent with the metal compositions of the ENDS device components that were exposed to the liquids and that nickel is a major constituent in many ENDS internal components. As a result of the exposure of the nickel-containing components to the ENDS liquids, resulting aerosol nickel concentrations per puff were higher from devices that contained lactic acid in comparison to devices with benzoic or levulinic acid. The aerosol nickel concentrations in 10 puffs from ENDS-containing lactic acid were, in some cases, hundreds of times higher than cigarette mainstream smoke nickel deliveries. Thus, the design of an ENDS device in terms of both physical construction components and the liquid chemical formulations could directly impact potential exposures to toxic constituents such as metals.
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title_short	Lactic Acid Salts of Nicotine Potentiate the Transfer of Toxic Metals into Electronic Cigarette Aerosols
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