The events of Black September in 1970 AD in the light of the Kissinger-Nixon correspondence
The telegrams, notes and reports exchanged between National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger and US President Richard Nixon dealt in detail with the events that took place in Jordan during the month of September of 1970 AD, which was known as (Black September) according to the Palestinian factions,...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Ahmed Alalaq [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
E-Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Arabisch ; Englisch ; Französisch |
| Erschienen: |
2015 |
|---|
| Schlagwörter: |
|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: آداب الكوفة ; 1(2015), 24 volume:1 ; year:2015 ; number:24 |
|---|
| Links: |
Link aufrufen |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.36317/kaj/2015/v1.i24.6308 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ096774827 |
|---|
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| 520 | |a The telegrams, notes and reports exchanged between National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger and US President Richard Nixon dealt in detail with the events that took place in Jordan during the month of September of 1970 AD, which was known as (Black September) according to the Palestinian factions, but we did not find this designation in Kissinger's correspondence - Nixon, as the editors of these reports were keen on accuracy in reporting the facts of the news, even if it was related to US national security or US-Arab or Israeli relations. The important thing is that the research benefited a lot from the contents of those reports, with regard to the political and military events and developments that Jordan witnessed and the positions of the organizations And international bodies such as the Red Cross, for example. The Arabs also had a clear position regarding the development of the general situation in Jordan, in addition to the manifestations of the American position and the statement of the American view of the conflict between the Jordanian government and the armed Palestinian factions. It was the first and last goal of the armed Palestinian factions that used the Jordanian lands as a starting point for their military operations against Israel. Their goal was to overthrow the rule of King Hussein, and they claimed over and over again that the throne belonged to the Palestinians, and accordingly they followed the method of armed action to extract their right, in return it was King Hussein and the American administration see that the presence of such organizations in Syria constitutes a real threat to the throne of the country on the one hand, and to Jordan's relations with the Western world, the United States of America, and Israel in particular. Therefore, we see that Jordan has often asked for American and Israeli assistance and advice, secretly and publicly, in order to put an end to the persistence of the factions. Palestinian, which is what the American reports talked about. The relevant European countries and international organizations had a position on the events of Black September and on the issue of the conflict between the Palestinian factions and the Jordanian army, and their dealings with the phenomenon of hijacking civil aircraft differed, as they followed many procedures and methods in order to end the issue of the release of the hostages, and among those methods was sending delegations And the representatives to negotiate with the leaders of the Palestinian factions, which was offered to him by the US administration and promised him a transgression of the agreements that had been concluded between them and the International Red Cross Organization, that organization that tried to follow diplomatic methods in order to end the conflict in Jordan. The United States of America tried to follow the method of negotiations and diplomatic methods in dealing with the Jordanian crisis, especially with regard to the issue of releasing the foreign hostages who fell into the hands of the Popular Front. This was the overt policy of the American administration, but in secret, the military preparations were in full swing, especially after it found Things did not go according to her vision, so she devoted herself to studying a military invasion plan as an alternative solution to the intransigence of the Palestinian factions. The positions of the US administration were not limited to dealing with the Jordanian crisis in this way, but rather went beyond it to provide military, material and humanitarian aid, in the wake of the end of the crisis, because of what the country suffered from severe food shortages and a shortage of military equipment, the US administration tried to correct the course of Its relationship with Jordan and its removal from the deteriorating situation politically and militarily, by adopting the policy of armaments and sending more military and political advisors to Jordan. | ||
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10.36317/kaj/2015/v1.i24.6308 doi (DE-627)DOAJ096774827 (DE-599)DOAJe4ac5321342c450da1a12e5204fc47a9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb ara eng fre AZ20-999 NX1-820 Ahmed Alalaq verfasserin aut The events of Black September in 1970 AD in the light of the Kissinger-Nixon correspondence 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The telegrams, notes and reports exchanged between National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger and US President Richard Nixon dealt in detail with the events that took place in Jordan during the month of September of 1970 AD, which was known as (Black September) according to the Palestinian factions, but we did not find this designation in Kissinger's correspondence - Nixon, as the editors of these reports were keen on accuracy in reporting the facts of the news, even if it was related to US national security or US-Arab or Israeli relations. The important thing is that the research benefited a lot from the contents of those reports, with regard to the political and military events and developments that Jordan witnessed and the positions of the organizations And international bodies such as the Red Cross, for example. The Arabs also had a clear position regarding the development of the general situation in Jordan, in addition to the manifestations of the American position and the statement of the American view of the conflict between the Jordanian government and the armed Palestinian factions. It was the first and last goal of the armed Palestinian factions that used the Jordanian lands as a starting point for their military operations against Israel. Their goal was to overthrow the rule of King Hussein, and they claimed over and over again that the throne belonged to the Palestinians, and accordingly they followed the method of armed action to extract their right, in return it was King Hussein and the American administration see that the presence of such organizations in Syria constitutes a real threat to the throne of the country on the one hand, and to Jordan's relations with the Western world, the United States of America, and Israel in particular. Therefore, we see that Jordan has often asked for American and Israeli assistance and advice, secretly and publicly, in order to put an end to the persistence of the factions. Palestinian, which is what the American reports talked about. The relevant European countries and international organizations had a position on the events of Black September and on the issue of the conflict between the Palestinian factions and the Jordanian army, and their dealings with the phenomenon of hijacking civil aircraft differed, as they followed many procedures and methods in order to end the issue of the release of the hostages, and among those methods was sending delegations And the representatives to negotiate with the leaders of the Palestinian factions, which was offered to him by the US administration and promised him a transgression of the agreements that had been concluded between them and the International Red Cross Organization, that organization that tried to follow diplomatic methods in order to end the conflict in Jordan. The United States of America tried to follow the method of negotiations and diplomatic methods in dealing with the Jordanian crisis, especially with regard to the issue of releasing the foreign hostages who fell into the hands of the Popular Front. This was the overt policy of the American administration, but in secret, the military preparations were in full swing, especially after it found Things did not go according to her vision, so she devoted herself to studying a military invasion plan as an alternative solution to the intransigence of the Palestinian factions. The positions of the US administration were not limited to dealing with the Jordanian crisis in this way, but rather went beyond it to provide military, material and humanitarian aid, in the wake of the end of the crisis, because of what the country suffered from severe food shortages and a shortage of military equipment, the US administration tried to correct the course of Its relationship with Jordan and its removal from the deteriorating situation politically and militarily, by adopting the policy of armaments and sending more military and political advisors to Jordan. September Washington Black September Jordan Palestine Liberation Organization Yasser Arafa History of scholarship and learning. The humanities Arts in general Language and Literature P In آداب الكوفة 1(2015), 24 volume:1 year:2015 number:24 https://doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2015/v1.i24.6308 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e4ac5321342c450da1a12e5204fc47a9 kostenfrei https://www.journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kufa_arts/article/view/6308 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1994-8999 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2664-469X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 1 2015 24 |
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Their goal was to overthrow the rule of King Hussein, and they claimed over and over again that the throne belonged to the Palestinians, and accordingly they followed the method of armed action to extract their right, in return it was King Hussein and the American administration see that the presence of such organizations in Syria constitutes a real threat to the throne of the country on the one hand, and to Jordan's relations with the Western world, the United States of America, and Israel in particular. Therefore, we see that Jordan has often asked for American and Israeli assistance and advice, secretly and publicly, in order to put an end to the persistence of the factions. Palestinian, which is what the American reports talked about. The relevant European countries and international organizations had a position on the events of Black September and on the issue of the conflict between the Palestinian factions and the Jordanian army, and their dealings with the phenomenon of hijacking civil aircraft differed, as they followed many procedures and methods in order to end the issue of the release of the hostages, and among those methods was sending delegations And the representatives to negotiate with the leaders of the Palestinian factions, which was offered to him by the US administration and promised him a transgression of the agreements that had been concluded between them and the International Red Cross Organization, that organization that tried to follow diplomatic methods in order to end the conflict in Jordan. 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The events of Black September in 1970 AD in the light of the Kissinger-Nixon correspondence |
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The telegrams, notes and reports exchanged between National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger and US President Richard Nixon dealt in detail with the events that took place in Jordan during the month of September of 1970 AD, which was known as (Black September) according to the Palestinian factions, but we did not find this designation in Kissinger's correspondence - Nixon, as the editors of these reports were keen on accuracy in reporting the facts of the news, even if it was related to US national security or US-Arab or Israeli relations. The important thing is that the research benefited a lot from the contents of those reports, with regard to the political and military events and developments that Jordan witnessed and the positions of the organizations And international bodies such as the Red Cross, for example. The Arabs also had a clear position regarding the development of the general situation in Jordan, in addition to the manifestations of the American position and the statement of the American view of the conflict between the Jordanian government and the armed Palestinian factions. It was the first and last goal of the armed Palestinian factions that used the Jordanian lands as a starting point for their military operations against Israel. Their goal was to overthrow the rule of King Hussein, and they claimed over and over again that the throne belonged to the Palestinians, and accordingly they followed the method of armed action to extract their right, in return it was King Hussein and the American administration see that the presence of such organizations in Syria constitutes a real threat to the throne of the country on the one hand, and to Jordan's relations with the Western world, the United States of America, and Israel in particular. Therefore, we see that Jordan has often asked for American and Israeli assistance and advice, secretly and publicly, in order to put an end to the persistence of the factions. Palestinian, which is what the American reports talked about. The relevant European countries and international organizations had a position on the events of Black September and on the issue of the conflict between the Palestinian factions and the Jordanian army, and their dealings with the phenomenon of hijacking civil aircraft differed, as they followed many procedures and methods in order to end the issue of the release of the hostages, and among those methods was sending delegations And the representatives to negotiate with the leaders of the Palestinian factions, which was offered to him by the US administration and promised him a transgression of the agreements that had been concluded between them and the International Red Cross Organization, that organization that tried to follow diplomatic methods in order to end the conflict in Jordan. The United States of America tried to follow the method of negotiations and diplomatic methods in dealing with the Jordanian crisis, especially with regard to the issue of releasing the foreign hostages who fell into the hands of the Popular Front. This was the overt policy of the American administration, but in secret, the military preparations were in full swing, especially after it found Things did not go according to her vision, so she devoted herself to studying a military invasion plan as an alternative solution to the intransigence of the Palestinian factions. The positions of the US administration were not limited to dealing with the Jordanian crisis in this way, but rather went beyond it to provide military, material and humanitarian aid, in the wake of the end of the crisis, because of what the country suffered from severe food shortages and a shortage of military equipment, the US administration tried to correct the course of Its relationship with Jordan and its removal from the deteriorating situation politically and militarily, by adopting the policy of armaments and sending more military and political advisors to Jordan. |
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The telegrams, notes and reports exchanged between National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger and US President Richard Nixon dealt in detail with the events that took place in Jordan during the month of September of 1970 AD, which was known as (Black September) according to the Palestinian factions, but we did not find this designation in Kissinger's correspondence - Nixon, as the editors of these reports were keen on accuracy in reporting the facts of the news, even if it was related to US national security or US-Arab or Israeli relations. The important thing is that the research benefited a lot from the contents of those reports, with regard to the political and military events and developments that Jordan witnessed and the positions of the organizations And international bodies such as the Red Cross, for example. The Arabs also had a clear position regarding the development of the general situation in Jordan, in addition to the manifestations of the American position and the statement of the American view of the conflict between the Jordanian government and the armed Palestinian factions. It was the first and last goal of the armed Palestinian factions that used the Jordanian lands as a starting point for their military operations against Israel. Their goal was to overthrow the rule of King Hussein, and they claimed over and over again that the throne belonged to the Palestinians, and accordingly they followed the method of armed action to extract their right, in return it was King Hussein and the American administration see that the presence of such organizations in Syria constitutes a real threat to the throne of the country on the one hand, and to Jordan's relations with the Western world, the United States of America, and Israel in particular. Therefore, we see that Jordan has often asked for American and Israeli assistance and advice, secretly and publicly, in order to put an end to the persistence of the factions. Palestinian, which is what the American reports talked about. The relevant European countries and international organizations had a position on the events of Black September and on the issue of the conflict between the Palestinian factions and the Jordanian army, and their dealings with the phenomenon of hijacking civil aircraft differed, as they followed many procedures and methods in order to end the issue of the release of the hostages, and among those methods was sending delegations And the representatives to negotiate with the leaders of the Palestinian factions, which was offered to him by the US administration and promised him a transgression of the agreements that had been concluded between them and the International Red Cross Organization, that organization that tried to follow diplomatic methods in order to end the conflict in Jordan. The United States of America tried to follow the method of negotiations and diplomatic methods in dealing with the Jordanian crisis, especially with regard to the issue of releasing the foreign hostages who fell into the hands of the Popular Front. This was the overt policy of the American administration, but in secret, the military preparations were in full swing, especially after it found Things did not go according to her vision, so she devoted herself to studying a military invasion plan as an alternative solution to the intransigence of the Palestinian factions. The positions of the US administration were not limited to dealing with the Jordanian crisis in this way, but rather went beyond it to provide military, material and humanitarian aid, in the wake of the end of the crisis, because of what the country suffered from severe food shortages and a shortage of military equipment, the US administration tried to correct the course of Its relationship with Jordan and its removal from the deteriorating situation politically and militarily, by adopting the policy of armaments and sending more military and political advisors to Jordan. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
The telegrams, notes and reports exchanged between National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger and US President Richard Nixon dealt in detail with the events that took place in Jordan during the month of September of 1970 AD, which was known as (Black September) according to the Palestinian factions, but we did not find this designation in Kissinger's correspondence - Nixon, as the editors of these reports were keen on accuracy in reporting the facts of the news, even if it was related to US national security or US-Arab or Israeli relations. The important thing is that the research benefited a lot from the contents of those reports, with regard to the political and military events and developments that Jordan witnessed and the positions of the organizations And international bodies such as the Red Cross, for example. The Arabs also had a clear position regarding the development of the general situation in Jordan, in addition to the manifestations of the American position and the statement of the American view of the conflict between the Jordanian government and the armed Palestinian factions. It was the first and last goal of the armed Palestinian factions that used the Jordanian lands as a starting point for their military operations against Israel. Their goal was to overthrow the rule of King Hussein, and they claimed over and over again that the throne belonged to the Palestinians, and accordingly they followed the method of armed action to extract their right, in return it was King Hussein and the American administration see that the presence of such organizations in Syria constitutes a real threat to the throne of the country on the one hand, and to Jordan's relations with the Western world, the United States of America, and Israel in particular. Therefore, we see that Jordan has often asked for American and Israeli assistance and advice, secretly and publicly, in order to put an end to the persistence of the factions. Palestinian, which is what the American reports talked about. The relevant European countries and international organizations had a position on the events of Black September and on the issue of the conflict between the Palestinian factions and the Jordanian army, and their dealings with the phenomenon of hijacking civil aircraft differed, as they followed many procedures and methods in order to end the issue of the release of the hostages, and among those methods was sending delegations And the representatives to negotiate with the leaders of the Palestinian factions, which was offered to him by the US administration and promised him a transgression of the agreements that had been concluded between them and the International Red Cross Organization, that organization that tried to follow diplomatic methods in order to end the conflict in Jordan. The United States of America tried to follow the method of negotiations and diplomatic methods in dealing with the Jordanian crisis, especially with regard to the issue of releasing the foreign hostages who fell into the hands of the Popular Front. This was the overt policy of the American administration, but in secret, the military preparations were in full swing, especially after it found Things did not go according to her vision, so she devoted herself to studying a military invasion plan as an alternative solution to the intransigence of the Palestinian factions. The positions of the US administration were not limited to dealing with the Jordanian crisis in this way, but rather went beyond it to provide military, material and humanitarian aid, in the wake of the end of the crisis, because of what the country suffered from severe food shortages and a shortage of military equipment, the US administration tried to correct the course of Its relationship with Jordan and its removal from the deteriorating situation politically and militarily, by adopting the policy of armaments and sending more military and political advisors to Jordan. |
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The United States of America tried to follow the method of negotiations and diplomatic methods in dealing with the Jordanian crisis, especially with regard to the issue of releasing the foreign hostages who fell into the hands of the Popular Front. This was the overt policy of the American administration, but in secret, the military preparations were in full swing, especially after it found Things did not go according to her vision, so she devoted herself to studying a military invasion plan as an alternative solution to the intransigence of the Palestinian factions. The positions of the US administration were not limited to dealing with the Jordanian crisis in this way, but rather went beyond it to provide military, material and humanitarian aid, in the wake of the end of the crisis, because of what the country suffered from severe food shortages and a shortage of military equipment, the US administration tried to correct the course of Its relationship with Jordan and its removal from the deteriorating situation politically and militarily, by adopting the policy of armaments and sending more military and political advisors to Jordan.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">September</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Washington</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Black September</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Jordan</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Palestine Liberation Organization</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Yasser Arafa</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">History of scholarship and learning. 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