Level of Knowledge on Acne Vulgaris and Its Treatment Among Undergraduates Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT Backgorund: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. O...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Lily Khalidatussofina Mohamad Khalid Khalid [verfasserIn] Dina Arwina Dalimunthe [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Englisch ; Indonesisch |
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2023 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Scripta Score Scientific Medical Journal - Talenta Publisher, 2022, 5(2023), 1, Seite 39-44 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:5 ; year:2023 ; number:1 ; pages:39-44 |
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Link aufrufen |
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DOI / URN: |
10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ09764238X |
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520 | |a ABSTRACT Backgorund: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients. A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. Kata Kunci: akne vulgaris, Cutibacterium acnes, over-the-counter, pengetahuan, perilaku | ||
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10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09764238X (DE-599)DOAJeacd35cc4495431bb1ef5671c621871b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng ind R5-920 Lily Khalidatussofina Mohamad Khalid Khalid verfasserin aut Level of Knowledge on Acne Vulgaris and Its Treatment Among Undergraduates Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier ABSTRACT Backgorund: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients. A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. Kata Kunci: akne vulgaris, Cutibacterium acnes, over-the-counter, pengetahuan, perilaku acne vulgaris behavior cutibacterium acnes knowledge treatment akne vulgaris pengetahuan perilaku Medicine (General) Dina Arwina Dalimunthe verfasserin aut In Scripta Score Scientific Medical Journal Talenta Publisher, 2022 5(2023), 1, Seite 39-44 (DE-627)1789923239 26860864 nnns volume:5 year:2023 number:1 pages:39-44 https://doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/eacd35cc4495431bb1ef5671c621871b kostenfrei https://talenta.usu.ac.id/scripta/article/view/12494 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2088-8686 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2686-0864 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2023 1 39-44 |
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10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09764238X (DE-599)DOAJeacd35cc4495431bb1ef5671c621871b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng ind R5-920 Lily Khalidatussofina Mohamad Khalid Khalid verfasserin aut Level of Knowledge on Acne Vulgaris and Its Treatment Among Undergraduates Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier ABSTRACT Backgorund: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients. A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. Kata Kunci: akne vulgaris, Cutibacterium acnes, over-the-counter, pengetahuan, perilaku acne vulgaris behavior cutibacterium acnes knowledge treatment akne vulgaris pengetahuan perilaku Medicine (General) Dina Arwina Dalimunthe verfasserin aut In Scripta Score Scientific Medical Journal Talenta Publisher, 2022 5(2023), 1, Seite 39-44 (DE-627)1789923239 26860864 nnns volume:5 year:2023 number:1 pages:39-44 https://doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/eacd35cc4495431bb1ef5671c621871b kostenfrei https://talenta.usu.ac.id/scripta/article/view/12494 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2088-8686 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2686-0864 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2023 1 39-44 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09764238X (DE-599)DOAJeacd35cc4495431bb1ef5671c621871b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng ind R5-920 Lily Khalidatussofina Mohamad Khalid Khalid verfasserin aut Level of Knowledge on Acne Vulgaris and Its Treatment Among Undergraduates Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier ABSTRACT Backgorund: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients. A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. Kata Kunci: akne vulgaris, Cutibacterium acnes, over-the-counter, pengetahuan, perilaku acne vulgaris behavior cutibacterium acnes knowledge treatment akne vulgaris pengetahuan perilaku Medicine (General) Dina Arwina Dalimunthe verfasserin aut In Scripta Score Scientific Medical Journal Talenta Publisher, 2022 5(2023), 1, Seite 39-44 (DE-627)1789923239 26860864 nnns volume:5 year:2023 number:1 pages:39-44 https://doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/eacd35cc4495431bb1ef5671c621871b kostenfrei https://talenta.usu.ac.id/scripta/article/view/12494 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2088-8686 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2686-0864 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2023 1 39-44 |
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10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09764238X (DE-599)DOAJeacd35cc4495431bb1ef5671c621871b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng ind R5-920 Lily Khalidatussofina Mohamad Khalid Khalid verfasserin aut Level of Knowledge on Acne Vulgaris and Its Treatment Among Undergraduates Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier ABSTRACT Backgorund: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients. A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. Kata Kunci: akne vulgaris, Cutibacterium acnes, over-the-counter, pengetahuan, perilaku acne vulgaris behavior cutibacterium acnes knowledge treatment akne vulgaris pengetahuan perilaku Medicine (General) Dina Arwina Dalimunthe verfasserin aut In Scripta Score Scientific Medical Journal Talenta Publisher, 2022 5(2023), 1, Seite 39-44 (DE-627)1789923239 26860864 nnns volume:5 year:2023 number:1 pages:39-44 https://doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/eacd35cc4495431bb1ef5671c621871b kostenfrei https://talenta.usu.ac.id/scripta/article/view/12494 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2088-8686 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2686-0864 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2023 1 39-44 |
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10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 doi (DE-627)DOAJ09764238X (DE-599)DOAJeacd35cc4495431bb1ef5671c621871b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng ind R5-920 Lily Khalidatussofina Mohamad Khalid Khalid verfasserin aut Level of Knowledge on Acne Vulgaris and Its Treatment Among Undergraduates Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier ABSTRACT Backgorund: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients. A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. Kata Kunci: akne vulgaris, Cutibacterium acnes, over-the-counter, pengetahuan, perilaku acne vulgaris behavior cutibacterium acnes knowledge treatment akne vulgaris pengetahuan perilaku Medicine (General) Dina Arwina Dalimunthe verfasserin aut In Scripta Score Scientific Medical Journal Talenta Publisher, 2022 5(2023), 1, Seite 39-44 (DE-627)1789923239 26860864 nnns volume:5 year:2023 number:1 pages:39-44 https://doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v5i1.12494 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/eacd35cc4495431bb1ef5671c621871b kostenfrei https://talenta.usu.ac.id/scripta/article/view/12494 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2088-8686 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2686-0864 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2023 1 39-44 |
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Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. 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Level of Knowledge on Acne Vulgaris and Its Treatment Among Undergraduates Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara |
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ABSTRACT Backgorund: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients. A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. Kata Kunci: akne vulgaris, Cutibacterium acnes, over-the-counter, pengetahuan, perilaku |
abstractGer |
ABSTRACT Backgorund: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients. A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. Kata Kunci: akne vulgaris, Cutibacterium acnes, over-the-counter, pengetahuan, perilaku |
abstract_unstemmed |
ABSTRACT Backgorund: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients. A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. Kata Kunci: akne vulgaris, Cutibacterium acnes, over-the-counter, pengetahuan, perilaku |
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The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients. A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. 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