A Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Yellow River Sediments and Their Impact on the Reclamation of Coal-Mined Subsided Land
Coal mining in China has resulted in numerous subsided areas, exacerbating land scarcity issues. The Yellow River carries a high sediment load of nearly 1.6 billion tons annually. Cleaning up the accumulated silt is costly and takes up land. Reusing the sediment from the Yellow River to fill and rec...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Huang Sun [verfasserIn] Zhenqi Hu [verfasserIn] Shuai Wang [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2024 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Sustainability - MDPI AG, 2009, 16(2024), 1, p 439 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:16 ; year:2024 ; number:1, p 439 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3390/su16010439 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ097764566 |
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520 | |a Coal mining in China has resulted in numerous subsided areas, exacerbating land scarcity issues. The Yellow River carries a high sediment load of nearly 1.6 billion tons annually. Cleaning up the accumulated silt is costly and takes up land. Reusing the sediment from the Yellow River to fill and reclaim the subsided areas caused by coal mining addresses both sedimentation and land reclamation issues, killing two birds with one stone. Nonetheless, technical challenges have emerged, such as machinery sinking into the soil, difficulty draining water, and poor soil quality improvement. To tackle these issues, understanding the physical and mechanical properties of Yellow River sediment is essential. Results show that the average particle size (D<sub<50</sub<) is 0.08 mm, categorized as fine-grained sandy soil with a relatively uniform particle size distribution. The permeability coefficient is 2.91 × 10<sup<−3</sup< cm·s<sup<−1</sup<, similar to that of silty soil, indicating the feasibility for filling reclamation. However, the low permeability requires drainage improvement to accelerate construction timelines. The internal friction angle of the sediment ranges from 34.67° to 31.76°, with a cohesion from 20.79 to 23.92 kPa. To ensure safe and stable construction, machinery must not sink into the fill material. It is recommended to enhance drainage to about 13% for quicker drainage and stable construction. The sediment has a compression coefficient of 0.05 <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msup<<mrow<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<P</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<a</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<1</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, indicating low compressibility. Mechanical compression is not economically viable during the reclamation process. Design elevation (H) and fill elevation (h) should account for cumulative deformation settlement. | ||
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10.3390/su16010439 doi (DE-627)DOAJ097764566 (DE-599)DOAJ64a18419808645f39f5a67572d7523f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Huang Sun verfasserin aut A Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Yellow River Sediments and Their Impact on the Reclamation of Coal-Mined Subsided Land 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Coal mining in China has resulted in numerous subsided areas, exacerbating land scarcity issues. The Yellow River carries a high sediment load of nearly 1.6 billion tons annually. Cleaning up the accumulated silt is costly and takes up land. Reusing the sediment from the Yellow River to fill and reclaim the subsided areas caused by coal mining addresses both sedimentation and land reclamation issues, killing two birds with one stone. Nonetheless, technical challenges have emerged, such as machinery sinking into the soil, difficulty draining water, and poor soil quality improvement. To tackle these issues, understanding the physical and mechanical properties of Yellow River sediment is essential. Results show that the average particle size (D<sub<50</sub<) is 0.08 mm, categorized as fine-grained sandy soil with a relatively uniform particle size distribution. The permeability coefficient is 2.91 × 10<sup<−3</sup< cm·s<sup<−1</sup<, similar to that of silty soil, indicating the feasibility for filling reclamation. However, the low permeability requires drainage improvement to accelerate construction timelines. The internal friction angle of the sediment ranges from 34.67° to 31.76°, with a cohesion from 20.79 to 23.92 kPa. To ensure safe and stable construction, machinery must not sink into the fill material. It is recommended to enhance drainage to about 13% for quicker drainage and stable construction. The sediment has a compression coefficient of 0.05 <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msup<<mrow<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<P</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<a</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<1</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, indicating low compressibility. Mechanical compression is not economically viable during the reclamation process. Design elevation (H) and fill elevation (h) should account for cumulative deformation settlement. Yellow River sediment coal-mined subsided land physical and mechanical properties filling reclamation engineering construction Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Zhenqi Hu verfasserin aut Shuai Wang verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 16(2024), 1, p 439 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:16 year:2024 number:1, p 439 https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010439 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/64a18419808645f39f5a67572d7523f5 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/1/439 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2024 1, p 439 |
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10.3390/su16010439 doi (DE-627)DOAJ097764566 (DE-599)DOAJ64a18419808645f39f5a67572d7523f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Huang Sun verfasserin aut A Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Yellow River Sediments and Their Impact on the Reclamation of Coal-Mined Subsided Land 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Coal mining in China has resulted in numerous subsided areas, exacerbating land scarcity issues. The Yellow River carries a high sediment load of nearly 1.6 billion tons annually. Cleaning up the accumulated silt is costly and takes up land. Reusing the sediment from the Yellow River to fill and reclaim the subsided areas caused by coal mining addresses both sedimentation and land reclamation issues, killing two birds with one stone. Nonetheless, technical challenges have emerged, such as machinery sinking into the soil, difficulty draining water, and poor soil quality improvement. To tackle these issues, understanding the physical and mechanical properties of Yellow River sediment is essential. Results show that the average particle size (D<sub<50</sub<) is 0.08 mm, categorized as fine-grained sandy soil with a relatively uniform particle size distribution. The permeability coefficient is 2.91 × 10<sup<−3</sup< cm·s<sup<−1</sup<, similar to that of silty soil, indicating the feasibility for filling reclamation. However, the low permeability requires drainage improvement to accelerate construction timelines. The internal friction angle of the sediment ranges from 34.67° to 31.76°, with a cohesion from 20.79 to 23.92 kPa. To ensure safe and stable construction, machinery must not sink into the fill material. It is recommended to enhance drainage to about 13% for quicker drainage and stable construction. The sediment has a compression coefficient of 0.05 <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msup<<mrow<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<P</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<a</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<1</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, indicating low compressibility. Mechanical compression is not economically viable during the reclamation process. Design elevation (H) and fill elevation (h) should account for cumulative deformation settlement. Yellow River sediment coal-mined subsided land physical and mechanical properties filling reclamation engineering construction Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Zhenqi Hu verfasserin aut Shuai Wang verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 16(2024), 1, p 439 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:16 year:2024 number:1, p 439 https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010439 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/64a18419808645f39f5a67572d7523f5 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/1/439 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2024 1, p 439 |
allfieldsGer |
10.3390/su16010439 doi (DE-627)DOAJ097764566 (DE-599)DOAJ64a18419808645f39f5a67572d7523f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Huang Sun verfasserin aut A Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Yellow River Sediments and Their Impact on the Reclamation of Coal-Mined Subsided Land 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Coal mining in China has resulted in numerous subsided areas, exacerbating land scarcity issues. The Yellow River carries a high sediment load of nearly 1.6 billion tons annually. Cleaning up the accumulated silt is costly and takes up land. Reusing the sediment from the Yellow River to fill and reclaim the subsided areas caused by coal mining addresses both sedimentation and land reclamation issues, killing two birds with one stone. Nonetheless, technical challenges have emerged, such as machinery sinking into the soil, difficulty draining water, and poor soil quality improvement. To tackle these issues, understanding the physical and mechanical properties of Yellow River sediment is essential. Results show that the average particle size (D<sub<50</sub<) is 0.08 mm, categorized as fine-grained sandy soil with a relatively uniform particle size distribution. The permeability coefficient is 2.91 × 10<sup<−3</sup< cm·s<sup<−1</sup<, similar to that of silty soil, indicating the feasibility for filling reclamation. However, the low permeability requires drainage improvement to accelerate construction timelines. The internal friction angle of the sediment ranges from 34.67° to 31.76°, with a cohesion from 20.79 to 23.92 kPa. To ensure safe and stable construction, machinery must not sink into the fill material. It is recommended to enhance drainage to about 13% for quicker drainage and stable construction. The sediment has a compression coefficient of 0.05 <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msup<<mrow<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<P</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<a</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<1</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, indicating low compressibility. Mechanical compression is not economically viable during the reclamation process. Design elevation (H) and fill elevation (h) should account for cumulative deformation settlement. Yellow River sediment coal-mined subsided land physical and mechanical properties filling reclamation engineering construction Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Zhenqi Hu verfasserin aut Shuai Wang verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 16(2024), 1, p 439 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:16 year:2024 number:1, p 439 https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010439 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/64a18419808645f39f5a67572d7523f5 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/1/439 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2024 1, p 439 |
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10.3390/su16010439 doi (DE-627)DOAJ097764566 (DE-599)DOAJ64a18419808645f39f5a67572d7523f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Huang Sun verfasserin aut A Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Yellow River Sediments and Their Impact on the Reclamation of Coal-Mined Subsided Land 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Coal mining in China has resulted in numerous subsided areas, exacerbating land scarcity issues. The Yellow River carries a high sediment load of nearly 1.6 billion tons annually. Cleaning up the accumulated silt is costly and takes up land. Reusing the sediment from the Yellow River to fill and reclaim the subsided areas caused by coal mining addresses both sedimentation and land reclamation issues, killing two birds with one stone. Nonetheless, technical challenges have emerged, such as machinery sinking into the soil, difficulty draining water, and poor soil quality improvement. To tackle these issues, understanding the physical and mechanical properties of Yellow River sediment is essential. Results show that the average particle size (D<sub<50</sub<) is 0.08 mm, categorized as fine-grained sandy soil with a relatively uniform particle size distribution. The permeability coefficient is 2.91 × 10<sup<−3</sup< cm·s<sup<−1</sup<, similar to that of silty soil, indicating the feasibility for filling reclamation. However, the low permeability requires drainage improvement to accelerate construction timelines. The internal friction angle of the sediment ranges from 34.67° to 31.76°, with a cohesion from 20.79 to 23.92 kPa. To ensure safe and stable construction, machinery must not sink into the fill material. It is recommended to enhance drainage to about 13% for quicker drainage and stable construction. The sediment has a compression coefficient of 0.05 <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msup<<mrow<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<P</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<a</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<1</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, indicating low compressibility. Mechanical compression is not economically viable during the reclamation process. Design elevation (H) and fill elevation (h) should account for cumulative deformation settlement. Yellow River sediment coal-mined subsided land physical and mechanical properties filling reclamation engineering construction Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Zhenqi Hu verfasserin aut Shuai Wang verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 16(2024), 1, p 439 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:16 year:2024 number:1, p 439 https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010439 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/64a18419808645f39f5a67572d7523f5 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/1/439 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2024 1, p 439 |
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English |
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In Sustainability 16(2024), 1, p 439 volume:16 year:2024 number:1, p 439 |
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A Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Yellow River Sediments and Their Impact on the Reclamation of Coal-Mined Subsided Land |
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Coal mining in China has resulted in numerous subsided areas, exacerbating land scarcity issues. The Yellow River carries a high sediment load of nearly 1.6 billion tons annually. Cleaning up the accumulated silt is costly and takes up land. Reusing the sediment from the Yellow River to fill and reclaim the subsided areas caused by coal mining addresses both sedimentation and land reclamation issues, killing two birds with one stone. Nonetheless, technical challenges have emerged, such as machinery sinking into the soil, difficulty draining water, and poor soil quality improvement. To tackle these issues, understanding the physical and mechanical properties of Yellow River sediment is essential. Results show that the average particle size (D<sub<50</sub<) is 0.08 mm, categorized as fine-grained sandy soil with a relatively uniform particle size distribution. The permeability coefficient is 2.91 × 10<sup<−3</sup< cm·s<sup<−1</sup<, similar to that of silty soil, indicating the feasibility for filling reclamation. However, the low permeability requires drainage improvement to accelerate construction timelines. The internal friction angle of the sediment ranges from 34.67° to 31.76°, with a cohesion from 20.79 to 23.92 kPa. To ensure safe and stable construction, machinery must not sink into the fill material. It is recommended to enhance drainage to about 13% for quicker drainage and stable construction. The sediment has a compression coefficient of 0.05 <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msup<<mrow<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<P</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<a</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<1</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, indicating low compressibility. Mechanical compression is not economically viable during the reclamation process. Design elevation (H) and fill elevation (h) should account for cumulative deformation settlement. |
abstractGer |
Coal mining in China has resulted in numerous subsided areas, exacerbating land scarcity issues. The Yellow River carries a high sediment load of nearly 1.6 billion tons annually. Cleaning up the accumulated silt is costly and takes up land. Reusing the sediment from the Yellow River to fill and reclaim the subsided areas caused by coal mining addresses both sedimentation and land reclamation issues, killing two birds with one stone. Nonetheless, technical challenges have emerged, such as machinery sinking into the soil, difficulty draining water, and poor soil quality improvement. To tackle these issues, understanding the physical and mechanical properties of Yellow River sediment is essential. Results show that the average particle size (D<sub<50</sub<) is 0.08 mm, categorized as fine-grained sandy soil with a relatively uniform particle size distribution. The permeability coefficient is 2.91 × 10<sup<−3</sup< cm·s<sup<−1</sup<, similar to that of silty soil, indicating the feasibility for filling reclamation. However, the low permeability requires drainage improvement to accelerate construction timelines. The internal friction angle of the sediment ranges from 34.67° to 31.76°, with a cohesion from 20.79 to 23.92 kPa. To ensure safe and stable construction, machinery must not sink into the fill material. It is recommended to enhance drainage to about 13% for quicker drainage and stable construction. The sediment has a compression coefficient of 0.05 <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msup<<mrow<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<P</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<a</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<1</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, indicating low compressibility. Mechanical compression is not economically viable during the reclamation process. Design elevation (H) and fill elevation (h) should account for cumulative deformation settlement. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Coal mining in China has resulted in numerous subsided areas, exacerbating land scarcity issues. The Yellow River carries a high sediment load of nearly 1.6 billion tons annually. Cleaning up the accumulated silt is costly and takes up land. Reusing the sediment from the Yellow River to fill and reclaim the subsided areas caused by coal mining addresses both sedimentation and land reclamation issues, killing two birds with one stone. Nonetheless, technical challenges have emerged, such as machinery sinking into the soil, difficulty draining water, and poor soil quality improvement. To tackle these issues, understanding the physical and mechanical properties of Yellow River sediment is essential. Results show that the average particle size (D<sub<50</sub<) is 0.08 mm, categorized as fine-grained sandy soil with a relatively uniform particle size distribution. The permeability coefficient is 2.91 × 10<sup<−3</sup< cm·s<sup<−1</sup<, similar to that of silty soil, indicating the feasibility for filling reclamation. However, the low permeability requires drainage improvement to accelerate construction timelines. The internal friction angle of the sediment ranges from 34.67° to 31.76°, with a cohesion from 20.79 to 23.92 kPa. To ensure safe and stable construction, machinery must not sink into the fill material. It is recommended to enhance drainage to about 13% for quicker drainage and stable construction. The sediment has a compression coefficient of 0.05 <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msup<<mrow<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<P</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<a</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<1</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, indicating low compressibility. Mechanical compression is not economically viable during the reclamation process. Design elevation (H) and fill elevation (h) should account for cumulative deformation settlement. |
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The Yellow River carries a high sediment load of nearly 1.6 billion tons annually. Cleaning up the accumulated silt is costly and takes up land. Reusing the sediment from the Yellow River to fill and reclaim the subsided areas caused by coal mining addresses both sedimentation and land reclamation issues, killing two birds with one stone. Nonetheless, technical challenges have emerged, such as machinery sinking into the soil, difficulty draining water, and poor soil quality improvement. To tackle these issues, understanding the physical and mechanical properties of Yellow River sediment is essential. Results show that the average particle size (D<sub<50</sub<) is 0.08 mm, categorized as fine-grained sandy soil with a relatively uniform particle size distribution. The permeability coefficient is 2.91 × 10<sup<−3</sup< cm·s<sup<−1</sup<, similar to that of silty soil, indicating the feasibility for filling reclamation. However, the low permeability requires drainage improvement to accelerate construction timelines. The internal friction angle of the sediment ranges from 34.67° to 31.76°, with a cohesion from 20.79 to 23.92 kPa. To ensure safe and stable construction, machinery must not sink into the fill material. It is recommended to enhance drainage to about 13% for quicker drainage and stable construction. The sediment has a compression coefficient of 0.05 <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msup<<mrow<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<P</mi<<mi mathvariant="normal"<a</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<1</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, indicating low compressibility. Mechanical compression is not economically viable during the reclamation process. 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