First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections

We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an increase in mortality rates related to respiratory distress was recorded in these species. Necropsy of the specimens revealed fibrin...
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Autor*in:	Yassmina Bidoudan [verfasserIn] Mohamed Mouahid [verfasserIn] Ouafaa Fassi Fihri [verfasserIn] Enrico Bollo [verfasserIn] Oumayma Arbani [verfasserIn] Mariette Ducatez [verfasserIn] Brahim Banni [verfasserIn] Noursaid Tligui [verfasserIn] Siham Fellahi [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Avian influenza H9N2 houbara bustards gamebird industry Morocco

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Viruses - MDPI AG, 2009, 15(2023), 12, p 2374
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:15 ; year:2023 ; number:12, p 2374

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/v15122374

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ098783114

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allfields	10.3390/v15122374 doi (DE-627)DOAJ098783114 (DE-599)DOAJaf2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Yassmina Bidoudan verfasserin aut First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an increase in mortality rates related to respiratory distress was recorded in these species. Necropsy of the specimens revealed fibrinous sinusitis and tracheitis with intra-bronchial fibrin casts, which are consistent with H9N2 infection in chickens; therefore, implication of the virus in these outbreaks was strongly suspected. Consequently, between January 2020 and June 2023, birds with respiratory signs were necropsied for pathological lesions, tissue samples were examined by histopathology, and samples of trachea, lungs, and cecal tonsils were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of H9N2 virus. In addition, the sequencing of isolates was performed and lastly differential diagnosis with other respiratory pathogens was carried out. During the study period, 93 samples were collected from suspected H9N2 outbreaks, of which 30 tested positive for H9N2 virus: 23 Houbara bustards, 4 partridges, 2 quails, and 1 pheasant. Moreover, sequencing of the HA gene of the virus showed 97.33% nucleotide identity with strains reported previously in broilers in Morocco in 2017 and in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Moroccan partridge isolates in the same cluster as viruses isolated in Morocco between 2016 and 2022, Algeria (2017), Burkina Faso (2017), Nigeria (2019), and Togo (2020). Additionally, 10 house sparrows from the premises of these birds were examined for the presence of H9N2 virus, revealing a 30% positivity rate. In conclusion, LPAIV H9N2 is circulating in houbara bustards and gamebirds in Morocco, and house sparrows might be a possible source of the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPAI H9N2 in the African species of houbara bustards worldwide and in gamebirds in Morocco. Avian influenza H9N2 houbara bustards <i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i< gamebird industry Morocco Microbiology Mohamed Mouahid verfasserin aut Ouafaa Fassi Fihri verfasserin aut Enrico Bollo verfasserin aut Oumayma Arbani verfasserin aut Mariette Ducatez verfasserin aut Brahim Banni verfasserin aut Noursaid Tligui verfasserin aut Siham Fellahi verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 15(2023), 12, p 2374 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:15 year:2023 number:12, p 2374 https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122374 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/af2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/12/2374 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2023 12, p 2374
spelling	10.3390/v15122374 doi (DE-627)DOAJ098783114 (DE-599)DOAJaf2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Yassmina Bidoudan verfasserin aut First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an increase in mortality rates related to respiratory distress was recorded in these species. Necropsy of the specimens revealed fibrinous sinusitis and tracheitis with intra-bronchial fibrin casts, which are consistent with H9N2 infection in chickens; therefore, implication of the virus in these outbreaks was strongly suspected. Consequently, between January 2020 and June 2023, birds with respiratory signs were necropsied for pathological lesions, tissue samples were examined by histopathology, and samples of trachea, lungs, and cecal tonsils were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of H9N2 virus. In addition, the sequencing of isolates was performed and lastly differential diagnosis with other respiratory pathogens was carried out. During the study period, 93 samples were collected from suspected H9N2 outbreaks, of which 30 tested positive for H9N2 virus: 23 Houbara bustards, 4 partridges, 2 quails, and 1 pheasant. Moreover, sequencing of the HA gene of the virus showed 97.33% nucleotide identity with strains reported previously in broilers in Morocco in 2017 and in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Moroccan partridge isolates in the same cluster as viruses isolated in Morocco between 2016 and 2022, Algeria (2017), Burkina Faso (2017), Nigeria (2019), and Togo (2020). Additionally, 10 house sparrows from the premises of these birds were examined for the presence of H9N2 virus, revealing a 30% positivity rate. In conclusion, LPAIV H9N2 is circulating in houbara bustards and gamebirds in Morocco, and house sparrows might be a possible source of the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPAI H9N2 in the African species of houbara bustards worldwide and in gamebirds in Morocco. Avian influenza H9N2 houbara bustards <i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i< gamebird industry Morocco Microbiology Mohamed Mouahid verfasserin aut Ouafaa Fassi Fihri verfasserin aut Enrico Bollo verfasserin aut Oumayma Arbani verfasserin aut Mariette Ducatez verfasserin aut Brahim Banni verfasserin aut Noursaid Tligui verfasserin aut Siham Fellahi verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 15(2023), 12, p 2374 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:15 year:2023 number:12, p 2374 https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122374 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/af2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/12/2374 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2023 12, p 2374
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/v15122374 doi (DE-627)DOAJ098783114 (DE-599)DOAJaf2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Yassmina Bidoudan verfasserin aut First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an increase in mortality rates related to respiratory distress was recorded in these species. Necropsy of the specimens revealed fibrinous sinusitis and tracheitis with intra-bronchial fibrin casts, which are consistent with H9N2 infection in chickens; therefore, implication of the virus in these outbreaks was strongly suspected. Consequently, between January 2020 and June 2023, birds with respiratory signs were necropsied for pathological lesions, tissue samples were examined by histopathology, and samples of trachea, lungs, and cecal tonsils were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of H9N2 virus. In addition, the sequencing of isolates was performed and lastly differential diagnosis with other respiratory pathogens was carried out. During the study period, 93 samples were collected from suspected H9N2 outbreaks, of which 30 tested positive for H9N2 virus: 23 Houbara bustards, 4 partridges, 2 quails, and 1 pheasant. Moreover, sequencing of the HA gene of the virus showed 97.33% nucleotide identity with strains reported previously in broilers in Morocco in 2017 and in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Moroccan partridge isolates in the same cluster as viruses isolated in Morocco between 2016 and 2022, Algeria (2017), Burkina Faso (2017), Nigeria (2019), and Togo (2020). Additionally, 10 house sparrows from the premises of these birds were examined for the presence of H9N2 virus, revealing a 30% positivity rate. In conclusion, LPAIV H9N2 is circulating in houbara bustards and gamebirds in Morocco, and house sparrows might be a possible source of the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPAI H9N2 in the African species of houbara bustards worldwide and in gamebirds in Morocco. Avian influenza H9N2 houbara bustards <i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i< gamebird industry Morocco Microbiology Mohamed Mouahid verfasserin aut Ouafaa Fassi Fihri verfasserin aut Enrico Bollo verfasserin aut Oumayma Arbani verfasserin aut Mariette Ducatez verfasserin aut Brahim Banni verfasserin aut Noursaid Tligui verfasserin aut Siham Fellahi verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 15(2023), 12, p 2374 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:15 year:2023 number:12, p 2374 https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122374 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/af2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/12/2374 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2023 12, p 2374
allfieldsGer	10.3390/v15122374 doi (DE-627)DOAJ098783114 (DE-599)DOAJaf2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Yassmina Bidoudan verfasserin aut First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an increase in mortality rates related to respiratory distress was recorded in these species. Necropsy of the specimens revealed fibrinous sinusitis and tracheitis with intra-bronchial fibrin casts, which are consistent with H9N2 infection in chickens; therefore, implication of the virus in these outbreaks was strongly suspected. Consequently, between January 2020 and June 2023, birds with respiratory signs were necropsied for pathological lesions, tissue samples were examined by histopathology, and samples of trachea, lungs, and cecal tonsils were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of H9N2 virus. In addition, the sequencing of isolates was performed and lastly differential diagnosis with other respiratory pathogens was carried out. During the study period, 93 samples were collected from suspected H9N2 outbreaks, of which 30 tested positive for H9N2 virus: 23 Houbara bustards, 4 partridges, 2 quails, and 1 pheasant. Moreover, sequencing of the HA gene of the virus showed 97.33% nucleotide identity with strains reported previously in broilers in Morocco in 2017 and in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Moroccan partridge isolates in the same cluster as viruses isolated in Morocco between 2016 and 2022, Algeria (2017), Burkina Faso (2017), Nigeria (2019), and Togo (2020). Additionally, 10 house sparrows from the premises of these birds were examined for the presence of H9N2 virus, revealing a 30% positivity rate. In conclusion, LPAIV H9N2 is circulating in houbara bustards and gamebirds in Morocco, and house sparrows might be a possible source of the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPAI H9N2 in the African species of houbara bustards worldwide and in gamebirds in Morocco. Avian influenza H9N2 houbara bustards <i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i< gamebird industry Morocco Microbiology Mohamed Mouahid verfasserin aut Ouafaa Fassi Fihri verfasserin aut Enrico Bollo verfasserin aut Oumayma Arbani verfasserin aut Mariette Ducatez verfasserin aut Brahim Banni verfasserin aut Noursaid Tligui verfasserin aut Siham Fellahi verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 15(2023), 12, p 2374 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:15 year:2023 number:12, p 2374 https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122374 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/af2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/12/2374 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2023 12, p 2374
allfieldsSound	10.3390/v15122374 doi (DE-627)DOAJ098783114 (DE-599)DOAJaf2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Yassmina Bidoudan verfasserin aut First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an increase in mortality rates related to respiratory distress was recorded in these species. Necropsy of the specimens revealed fibrinous sinusitis and tracheitis with intra-bronchial fibrin casts, which are consistent with H9N2 infection in chickens; therefore, implication of the virus in these outbreaks was strongly suspected. Consequently, between January 2020 and June 2023, birds with respiratory signs were necropsied for pathological lesions, tissue samples were examined by histopathology, and samples of trachea, lungs, and cecal tonsils were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of H9N2 virus. In addition, the sequencing of isolates was performed and lastly differential diagnosis with other respiratory pathogens was carried out. During the study period, 93 samples were collected from suspected H9N2 outbreaks, of which 30 tested positive for H9N2 virus: 23 Houbara bustards, 4 partridges, 2 quails, and 1 pheasant. Moreover, sequencing of the HA gene of the virus showed 97.33% nucleotide identity with strains reported previously in broilers in Morocco in 2017 and in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Moroccan partridge isolates in the same cluster as viruses isolated in Morocco between 2016 and 2022, Algeria (2017), Burkina Faso (2017), Nigeria (2019), and Togo (2020). Additionally, 10 house sparrows from the premises of these birds were examined for the presence of H9N2 virus, revealing a 30% positivity rate. In conclusion, LPAIV H9N2 is circulating in houbara bustards and gamebirds in Morocco, and house sparrows might be a possible source of the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPAI H9N2 in the African species of houbara bustards worldwide and in gamebirds in Morocco. Avian influenza H9N2 houbara bustards <i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i< gamebird industry Morocco Microbiology Mohamed Mouahid verfasserin aut Ouafaa Fassi Fihri verfasserin aut Enrico Bollo verfasserin aut Oumayma Arbani verfasserin aut Mariette Ducatez verfasserin aut Brahim Banni verfasserin aut Noursaid Tligui verfasserin aut Siham Fellahi verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 15(2023), 12, p 2374 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:15 year:2023 number:12, p 2374 https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122374 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/af2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/12/2374 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2023 12, p 2374
language	English
source	In Viruses 15(2023), 12, p 2374 volume:15 year:2023 number:12, p 2374
sourceStr	In Viruses 15(2023), 12, p 2374 volume:15 year:2023 number:12, p 2374
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Avian influenza H9N2 houbara bustards <i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i< gamebird industry Morocco Microbiology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Viruses
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Yassmina Bidoudan @@aut@@ Mohamed Mouahid @@aut@@ Ouafaa Fassi Fihri @@aut@@ Enrico Bollo @@aut@@ Oumayma Arbani @@aut@@ Mariette Ducatez @@aut@@ Brahim Banni @@aut@@ Noursaid Tligui @@aut@@ Siham Fellahi @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	609775871
id	DOAJ098783114
language_de	englisch
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Moreover, sequencing of the HA gene of the virus showed 97.33% nucleotide identity with strains reported previously in broilers in Morocco in 2017 and in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Moroccan partridge isolates in the same cluster as viruses isolated in Morocco between 2016 and 2022, Algeria (2017), Burkina Faso (2017), Nigeria (2019), and Togo (2020). Additionally, 10 house sparrows from the premises of these birds were examined for the presence of H9N2 virus, revealing a 30% positivity rate. In conclusion, LPAIV H9N2 is circulating in houbara bustards and gamebirds in Morocco, and house sparrows might be a possible source of the infection. 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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Yassmina Bidoudan
spellingShingle	Yassmina Bidoudan misc QR1-502 misc Avian influenza misc H9N2 misc houbara bustards misc <i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i< misc gamebird industry misc Morocco misc Microbiology First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections
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topic_title	QR1-502 First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections Avian influenza H9N2 houbara bustards <i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i< gamebird industry Morocco
topic	misc QR1-502 misc Avian influenza misc H9N2 misc houbara bustards misc <i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i< misc gamebird industry misc Morocco misc Microbiology
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title	First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ098783114 (DE-599)DOAJaf2faa7214c4465aafa3c63d78467d04
title_full	First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections
author_sort	Yassmina Bidoudan
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author_browse	Yassmina Bidoudan Mohamed Mouahid Ouafaa Fassi Fihri Enrico Bollo Oumayma Arbani Mariette Ducatez Brahim Banni Noursaid Tligui Siham Fellahi
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title_sort	first report of low pathogenic avian influenza subtype h9n2 in african houbara bustards (<i<chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and gamebirds in morocco: clinico-pathological findings, molecular characterization, and associated coinfections
callnumber	QR1-502
title_auth	First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections
abstract	We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an increase in mortality rates related to respiratory distress was recorded in these species. Necropsy of the specimens revealed fibrinous sinusitis and tracheitis with intra-bronchial fibrin casts, which are consistent with H9N2 infection in chickens; therefore, implication of the virus in these outbreaks was strongly suspected. Consequently, between January 2020 and June 2023, birds with respiratory signs were necropsied for pathological lesions, tissue samples were examined by histopathology, and samples of trachea, lungs, and cecal tonsils were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of H9N2 virus. In addition, the sequencing of isolates was performed and lastly differential diagnosis with other respiratory pathogens was carried out. During the study period, 93 samples were collected from suspected H9N2 outbreaks, of which 30 tested positive for H9N2 virus: 23 Houbara bustards, 4 partridges, 2 quails, and 1 pheasant. Moreover, sequencing of the HA gene of the virus showed 97.33% nucleotide identity with strains reported previously in broilers in Morocco in 2017 and in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Moroccan partridge isolates in the same cluster as viruses isolated in Morocco between 2016 and 2022, Algeria (2017), Burkina Faso (2017), Nigeria (2019), and Togo (2020). Additionally, 10 house sparrows from the premises of these birds were examined for the presence of H9N2 virus, revealing a 30% positivity rate. In conclusion, LPAIV H9N2 is circulating in houbara bustards and gamebirds in Morocco, and house sparrows might be a possible source of the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPAI H9N2 in the African species of houbara bustards worldwide and in gamebirds in Morocco.
abstractGer	We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an increase in mortality rates related to respiratory distress was recorded in these species. Necropsy of the specimens revealed fibrinous sinusitis and tracheitis with intra-bronchial fibrin casts, which are consistent with H9N2 infection in chickens; therefore, implication of the virus in these outbreaks was strongly suspected. Consequently, between January 2020 and June 2023, birds with respiratory signs were necropsied for pathological lesions, tissue samples were examined by histopathology, and samples of trachea, lungs, and cecal tonsils were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of H9N2 virus. In addition, the sequencing of isolates was performed and lastly differential diagnosis with other respiratory pathogens was carried out. During the study period, 93 samples were collected from suspected H9N2 outbreaks, of which 30 tested positive for H9N2 virus: 23 Houbara bustards, 4 partridges, 2 quails, and 1 pheasant. Moreover, sequencing of the HA gene of the virus showed 97.33% nucleotide identity with strains reported previously in broilers in Morocco in 2017 and in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Moroccan partridge isolates in the same cluster as viruses isolated in Morocco between 2016 and 2022, Algeria (2017), Burkina Faso (2017), Nigeria (2019), and Togo (2020). Additionally, 10 house sparrows from the premises of these birds were examined for the presence of H9N2 virus, revealing a 30% positivity rate. In conclusion, LPAIV H9N2 is circulating in houbara bustards and gamebirds in Morocco, and house sparrows might be a possible source of the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPAI H9N2 in the African species of houbara bustards worldwide and in gamebirds in Morocco.
abstract_unstemmed	We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an increase in mortality rates related to respiratory distress was recorded in these species. Necropsy of the specimens revealed fibrinous sinusitis and tracheitis with intra-bronchial fibrin casts, which are consistent with H9N2 infection in chickens; therefore, implication of the virus in these outbreaks was strongly suspected. Consequently, between January 2020 and June 2023, birds with respiratory signs were necropsied for pathological lesions, tissue samples were examined by histopathology, and samples of trachea, lungs, and cecal tonsils were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of H9N2 virus. In addition, the sequencing of isolates was performed and lastly differential diagnosis with other respiratory pathogens was carried out. During the study period, 93 samples were collected from suspected H9N2 outbreaks, of which 30 tested positive for H9N2 virus: 23 Houbara bustards, 4 partridges, 2 quails, and 1 pheasant. Moreover, sequencing of the HA gene of the virus showed 97.33% nucleotide identity with strains reported previously in broilers in Morocco in 2017 and in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Moroccan partridge isolates in the same cluster as viruses isolated in Morocco between 2016 and 2022, Algeria (2017), Burkina Faso (2017), Nigeria (2019), and Togo (2020). Additionally, 10 house sparrows from the premises of these birds were examined for the presence of H9N2 virus, revealing a 30% positivity rate. In conclusion, LPAIV H9N2 is circulating in houbara bustards and gamebirds in Morocco, and house sparrows might be a possible source of the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPAI H9N2 in the African species of houbara bustards worldwide and in gamebirds in Morocco.
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title_short	First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections
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First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (<i<Chlamydotis undulata undulata</i<) and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections

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