Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022

BackgroundThe prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and viru...
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Autor*in:	Orna Schwartz [verfasserIn] Hanan Rohana [verfasserIn] Maya Azrad [verfasserIn] Anna Shor [verfasserIn] Nir Rainy [verfasserIn] Yasmin Maor [verfasserIn] Lior Nesher [verfasserIn] Orli Sagi [verfasserIn] Shifra Ken-Dror [verfasserIn] Peter Kechker [verfasserIn] Avi Peretz [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	C. difficile CDI community-acquired C. difficile infection MLST clade

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Microbiology - Frontiers Media S.A., 2011, 14(2023)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2023

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ099077051

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520			\|a BackgroundThe prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and virulence factors of CA-CDI isolates collected across several geographical regions in Israel.MethodsStool samples of 126 CA-CDI patients were subjected to PCR and an immunoassay to identify toxin genes and proteins, respectively. Toxin loci PaLoc and PaCdt were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm production was assessed by crystal violet-based assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Etest technique or agar dilution. WGS and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to classify strains and investigate genetic diversity.ResultsSequence types (ST) 2 (17, 13.5%), ST42 (13, 10.3%), ST104 (10, 8%) and ST11 (9, 7.1%) were the most common. All (117, 92.8%) but ST11 belonged to Clade 1. No associations were found between ST and gender, geographic area or antibiotic susceptibility. Although all strains harbored toxins genes, 34 (27%) produced toxin A only, and 54 (42.9%) strains produced toxin B only; 38 (30.2%) produced both toxins. Most isolates were biofilm-producers (118, 93.6%), primarily weak producers (83/118, 70.3%). ST was significantly associated with both biofilm and toxin production.ConclusionC. difficile isolates in Israel community exhibit high ST diversity, with no dominant strain. Other factors may influence the clinical outcomes of CDI such as toxin production, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Further studies are needed to better understand the dynamics and influence of these factors on CA-CDI.
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allfields	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 doi (DE-627)DOAJ099077051 (DE-599)DOAJ3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundThe prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and virulence factors of CA-CDI isolates collected across several geographical regions in Israel.MethodsStool samples of 126 CA-CDI patients were subjected to PCR and an immunoassay to identify toxin genes and proteins, respectively. Toxin loci PaLoc and PaCdt were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm production was assessed by crystal violet-based assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Etest technique or agar dilution. WGS and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to classify strains and investigate genetic diversity.ResultsSequence types (ST) 2 (17, 13.5%), ST42 (13, 10.3%), ST104 (10, 8%) and ST11 (9, 7.1%) were the most common. All (117, 92.8%) but ST11 belonged to Clade 1. No associations were found between ST and gender, geographic area or antibiotic susceptibility. Although all strains harbored toxins genes, 34 (27%) produced toxin A only, and 54 (42.9%) strains produced toxin B only; 38 (30.2%) produced both toxins. Most isolates were biofilm-producers (118, 93.6%), primarily weak producers (83/118, 70.3%). ST was significantly associated with both biofilm and toxin production.ConclusionC. difficile isolates in Israel community exhibit high ST diversity, with no dominant strain. Other factors may influence the clinical outcomes of CDI such as toxin production, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Further studies are needed to better understand the dynamics and influence of these factors on CA-CDI. C. difficile CDI community-acquired C. difficile infection MLST clade Microbiology Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Hanan Rohana verfasserin aut Maya Azrad verfasserin aut Anna Shor verfasserin aut Nir Rainy verfasserin aut Yasmin Maor verfasserin aut Yasmin Maor verfasserin aut Lior Nesher verfasserin aut Lior Nesher verfasserin aut Orli Sagi verfasserin aut Shifra Ken-Dror verfasserin aut Peter Kechker verfasserin aut Avi Peretz verfasserin aut Avi Peretz verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 14(2023) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:14 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023
spelling	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 doi (DE-627)DOAJ099077051 (DE-599)DOAJ3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundThe prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and virulence factors of CA-CDI isolates collected across several geographical regions in Israel.MethodsStool samples of 126 CA-CDI patients were subjected to PCR and an immunoassay to identify toxin genes and proteins, respectively. Toxin loci PaLoc and PaCdt were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm production was assessed by crystal violet-based assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Etest technique or agar dilution. WGS and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to classify strains and investigate genetic diversity.ResultsSequence types (ST) 2 (17, 13.5%), ST42 (13, 10.3%), ST104 (10, 8%) and ST11 (9, 7.1%) were the most common. All (117, 92.8%) but ST11 belonged to Clade 1. No associations were found between ST and gender, geographic area or antibiotic susceptibility. Although all strains harbored toxins genes, 34 (27%) produced toxin A only, and 54 (42.9%) strains produced toxin B only; 38 (30.2%) produced both toxins. Most isolates were biofilm-producers (118, 93.6%), primarily weak producers (83/118, 70.3%). ST was significantly associated with both biofilm and toxin production.ConclusionC. difficile isolates in Israel community exhibit high ST diversity, with no dominant strain. Other factors may influence the clinical outcomes of CDI such as toxin production, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Further studies are needed to better understand the dynamics and influence of these factors on CA-CDI. C. difficile CDI community-acquired C. difficile infection MLST clade Microbiology Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Hanan Rohana verfasserin aut Maya Azrad verfasserin aut Anna Shor verfasserin aut Nir Rainy verfasserin aut Yasmin Maor verfasserin aut Yasmin Maor verfasserin aut Lior Nesher verfasserin aut Lior Nesher verfasserin aut Orli Sagi verfasserin aut Shifra Ken-Dror verfasserin aut Peter Kechker verfasserin aut Avi Peretz verfasserin aut Avi Peretz verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 14(2023) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:14 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 doi (DE-627)DOAJ099077051 (DE-599)DOAJ3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundThe prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and virulence factors of CA-CDI isolates collected across several geographical regions in Israel.MethodsStool samples of 126 CA-CDI patients were subjected to PCR and an immunoassay to identify toxin genes and proteins, respectively. Toxin loci PaLoc and PaCdt were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm production was assessed by crystal violet-based assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Etest technique or agar dilution. WGS and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to classify strains and investigate genetic diversity.ResultsSequence types (ST) 2 (17, 13.5%), ST42 (13, 10.3%), ST104 (10, 8%) and ST11 (9, 7.1%) were the most common. All (117, 92.8%) but ST11 belonged to Clade 1. No associations were found between ST and gender, geographic area or antibiotic susceptibility. Although all strains harbored toxins genes, 34 (27%) produced toxin A only, and 54 (42.9%) strains produced toxin B only; 38 (30.2%) produced both toxins. Most isolates were biofilm-producers (118, 93.6%), primarily weak producers (83/118, 70.3%). ST was significantly associated with both biofilm and toxin production.ConclusionC. difficile isolates in Israel community exhibit high ST diversity, with no dominant strain. Other factors may influence the clinical outcomes of CDI such as toxin production, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Further studies are needed to better understand the dynamics and influence of these factors on CA-CDI. C. difficile CDI community-acquired C. difficile infection MLST clade Microbiology Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Hanan Rohana verfasserin aut Maya Azrad verfasserin aut Anna Shor verfasserin aut Nir Rainy verfasserin aut Yasmin Maor verfasserin aut Yasmin Maor verfasserin aut Lior Nesher verfasserin aut Lior Nesher verfasserin aut Orli Sagi verfasserin aut Shifra Ken-Dror verfasserin aut Peter Kechker verfasserin aut Avi Peretz verfasserin aut Avi Peretz verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 14(2023) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:14 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023
allfieldsGer	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 doi (DE-627)DOAJ099077051 (DE-599)DOAJ3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundThe prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and virulence factors of CA-CDI isolates collected across several geographical regions in Israel.MethodsStool samples of 126 CA-CDI patients were subjected to PCR and an immunoassay to identify toxin genes and proteins, respectively. Toxin loci PaLoc and PaCdt were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm production was assessed by crystal violet-based assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Etest technique or agar dilution. WGS and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to classify strains and investigate genetic diversity.ResultsSequence types (ST) 2 (17, 13.5%), ST42 (13, 10.3%), ST104 (10, 8%) and ST11 (9, 7.1%) were the most common. All (117, 92.8%) but ST11 belonged to Clade 1. No associations were found between ST and gender, geographic area or antibiotic susceptibility. Although all strains harbored toxins genes, 34 (27%) produced toxin A only, and 54 (42.9%) strains produced toxin B only; 38 (30.2%) produced both toxins. Most isolates were biofilm-producers (118, 93.6%), primarily weak producers (83/118, 70.3%). ST was significantly associated with both biofilm and toxin production.ConclusionC. difficile isolates in Israel community exhibit high ST diversity, with no dominant strain. Other factors may influence the clinical outcomes of CDI such as toxin production, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Further studies are needed to better understand the dynamics and influence of these factors on CA-CDI. C. difficile CDI community-acquired C. difficile infection MLST clade Microbiology Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Hanan Rohana verfasserin aut Maya Azrad verfasserin aut Anna Shor verfasserin aut Nir Rainy verfasserin aut Yasmin Maor verfasserin aut Yasmin Maor verfasserin aut Lior Nesher verfasserin aut Lior Nesher verfasserin aut Orli Sagi verfasserin aut Shifra Ken-Dror verfasserin aut Peter Kechker verfasserin aut Avi Peretz verfasserin aut Avi Peretz verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 14(2023) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:14 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023
allfieldsSound	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 doi (DE-627)DOAJ099077051 (DE-599)DOAJ3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundThe prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and virulence factors of CA-CDI isolates collected across several geographical regions in Israel.MethodsStool samples of 126 CA-CDI patients were subjected to PCR and an immunoassay to identify toxin genes and proteins, respectively. Toxin loci PaLoc and PaCdt were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm production was assessed by crystal violet-based assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Etest technique or agar dilution. WGS and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to classify strains and investigate genetic diversity.ResultsSequence types (ST) 2 (17, 13.5%), ST42 (13, 10.3%), ST104 (10, 8%) and ST11 (9, 7.1%) were the most common. All (117, 92.8%) but ST11 belonged to Clade 1. No associations were found between ST and gender, geographic area or antibiotic susceptibility. Although all strains harbored toxins genes, 34 (27%) produced toxin A only, and 54 (42.9%) strains produced toxin B only; 38 (30.2%) produced both toxins. Most isolates were biofilm-producers (118, 93.6%), primarily weak producers (83/118, 70.3%). ST was significantly associated with both biofilm and toxin production.ConclusionC. difficile isolates in Israel community exhibit high ST diversity, with no dominant strain. Other factors may influence the clinical outcomes of CDI such as toxin production, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Further studies are needed to better understand the dynamics and influence of these factors on CA-CDI. C. difficile CDI community-acquired C. difficile infection MLST clade Microbiology Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Orna Schwartz verfasserin aut Hanan Rohana verfasserin aut Maya Azrad verfasserin aut Anna Shor verfasserin aut Nir Rainy verfasserin aut Yasmin Maor verfasserin aut Yasmin Maor verfasserin aut Lior Nesher verfasserin aut Lior Nesher verfasserin aut Orli Sagi verfasserin aut Shifra Ken-Dror verfasserin aut Peter Kechker verfasserin aut Avi Peretz verfasserin aut Avi Peretz verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 14(2023) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:14 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023
language	English
source	In Frontiers in Microbiology 14(2023) volume:14 year:2023
sourceStr	In Frontiers in Microbiology 14(2023) volume:14 year:2023
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	C. difficile CDI community-acquired C. difficile infection MLST clade Microbiology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Frontiers in Microbiology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Orna Schwartz @@aut@@ Hanan Rohana @@aut@@ Maya Azrad @@aut@@ Anna Shor @@aut@@ Nir Rainy @@aut@@ Yasmin Maor @@aut@@ Lior Nesher @@aut@@ Orli Sagi @@aut@@ Shifra Ken-Dror @@aut@@ Peter Kechker @@aut@@ Avi Peretz @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	642889384
id	DOAJ099077051
language_de	englisch
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Orna Schwartz
spellingShingle	Orna Schwartz misc QR1-502 misc C. difficile misc CDI misc community-acquired C. difficile infection misc MLST misc clade misc Microbiology Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022
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topic_title	QR1-502 Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022 C. difficile CDI community-acquired C. difficile infection MLST clade
topic	misc QR1-502 misc C. difficile misc CDI misc community-acquired C. difficile infection misc MLST misc clade misc Microbiology
topic_unstemmed	misc QR1-502 misc C. difficile misc CDI misc community-acquired C. difficile infection misc MLST misc clade misc Microbiology
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title	Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022
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title_full	Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022
author_sort	Orna Schwartz
journal	Frontiers in Microbiology
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author_browse	Orna Schwartz Hanan Rohana Maya Azrad Anna Shor Nir Rainy Yasmin Maor Lior Nesher Orli Sagi Shifra Ken-Dror Peter Kechker Avi Peretz
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author-letter	Orna Schwartz
doi_str_mv	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257
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title_sort	characterization of community-acquired clostridioides difficile strains in israel, 2020–2022
callnumber	QR1-502
title_auth	Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022
abstract	BackgroundThe prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and virulence factors of CA-CDI isolates collected across several geographical regions in Israel.MethodsStool samples of 126 CA-CDI patients were subjected to PCR and an immunoassay to identify toxin genes and proteins, respectively. Toxin loci PaLoc and PaCdt were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm production was assessed by crystal violet-based assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Etest technique or agar dilution. WGS and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to classify strains and investigate genetic diversity.ResultsSequence types (ST) 2 (17, 13.5%), ST42 (13, 10.3%), ST104 (10, 8%) and ST11 (9, 7.1%) were the most common. All (117, 92.8%) but ST11 belonged to Clade 1. No associations were found between ST and gender, geographic area or antibiotic susceptibility. Although all strains harbored toxins genes, 34 (27%) produced toxin A only, and 54 (42.9%) strains produced toxin B only; 38 (30.2%) produced both toxins. Most isolates were biofilm-producers (118, 93.6%), primarily weak producers (83/118, 70.3%). ST was significantly associated with both biofilm and toxin production.ConclusionC. difficile isolates in Israel community exhibit high ST diversity, with no dominant strain. Other factors may influence the clinical outcomes of CDI such as toxin production, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Further studies are needed to better understand the dynamics and influence of these factors on CA-CDI.
abstractGer	BackgroundThe prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and virulence factors of CA-CDI isolates collected across several geographical regions in Israel.MethodsStool samples of 126 CA-CDI patients were subjected to PCR and an immunoassay to identify toxin genes and proteins, respectively. Toxin loci PaLoc and PaCdt were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm production was assessed by crystal violet-based assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Etest technique or agar dilution. WGS and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to classify strains and investigate genetic diversity.ResultsSequence types (ST) 2 (17, 13.5%), ST42 (13, 10.3%), ST104 (10, 8%) and ST11 (9, 7.1%) were the most common. All (117, 92.8%) but ST11 belonged to Clade 1. No associations were found between ST and gender, geographic area or antibiotic susceptibility. Although all strains harbored toxins genes, 34 (27%) produced toxin A only, and 54 (42.9%) strains produced toxin B only; 38 (30.2%) produced both toxins. Most isolates were biofilm-producers (118, 93.6%), primarily weak producers (83/118, 70.3%). ST was significantly associated with both biofilm and toxin production.ConclusionC. difficile isolates in Israel community exhibit high ST diversity, with no dominant strain. Other factors may influence the clinical outcomes of CDI such as toxin production, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Further studies are needed to better understand the dynamics and influence of these factors on CA-CDI.
abstract_unstemmed	BackgroundThe prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and virulence factors of CA-CDI isolates collected across several geographical regions in Israel.MethodsStool samples of 126 CA-CDI patients were subjected to PCR and an immunoassay to identify toxin genes and proteins, respectively. Toxin loci PaLoc and PaCdt were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm production was assessed by crystal violet-based assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Etest technique or agar dilution. WGS and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to classify strains and investigate genetic diversity.ResultsSequence types (ST) 2 (17, 13.5%), ST42 (13, 10.3%), ST104 (10, 8%) and ST11 (9, 7.1%) were the most common. All (117, 92.8%) but ST11 belonged to Clade 1. No associations were found between ST and gender, geographic area or antibiotic susceptibility. Although all strains harbored toxins genes, 34 (27%) produced toxin A only, and 54 (42.9%) strains produced toxin B only; 38 (30.2%) produced both toxins. Most isolates were biofilm-producers (118, 93.6%), primarily weak producers (83/118, 70.3%). ST was significantly associated with both biofilm and toxin production.ConclusionC. difficile isolates in Israel community exhibit high ST diversity, with no dominant strain. Other factors may influence the clinical outcomes of CDI such as toxin production, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Further studies are needed to better understand the dynamics and influence of these factors on CA-CDI.
collection_details	GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700
title_short	Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022
url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257 https://doaj.org/article/3c85dcc2cfd449a98ff9704f4db78b18 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X
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author2	Orna Schwartz Hanan Rohana Maya Azrad Anna Shor Nir Rainy Yasmin Maor Lior Nesher Orli Sagi Shifra Ken-Dror Peter Kechker Avi Peretz
author2Str	Orna Schwartz Hanan Rohana Maya Azrad Anna Shor Nir Rainy Yasmin Maor Lior Nesher Orli Sagi Shifra Ken-Dror Peter Kechker Avi Peretz
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up_date	2024-07-03T20:53:21.787Z
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Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020–2022

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