Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance, especially the development of multidrug-resistant strains, is an urgent public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants have been shown to improve the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.MethodsWe verified that exogenous L-arginine promoted the killing effect...
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Autor*in:	Chunyang Zhu [verfasserIn] Yanhong Zhou [verfasserIn] Jian Kang [verfasserIn] Heng Yang [verfasserIn] Jinglin Lin [verfasserIn] Binghu Fang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Salmonella arginine gentamicin resistance proton motive force

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Microbiology - Frontiers Media S.A., 2011, 14(2023)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2023

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ099460955

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520			\|a IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance, especially the development of multidrug-resistant strains, is an urgent public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants have been shown to improve the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.MethodsWe verified that exogenous L-arginine promoted the killing effect of gentamicin against Salmonella in vitro and in vivo, and measured intracellular ATP, NADH, and PMF of bacteria. Gene expression was determined using real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThis study found that alkaline arginine significantly increased gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and apramycin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies showed that exogenous arginine was shown to increase the proton motive force, increasing the uptake of gentamicin and ultimately inducing bacterial cell death. Furthermore, in mouse infection model, arginine effectively improved gentamicin activity against Salmonella typhimurium.DiscussionThese findings confirm that arginine is a highly effective and harmless aminoglycoside adjuvant and provide important evidence for its use in combination with antimicrobial agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections.
650		4	\|a Salmonella
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650		4	\|a proton motive force
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allfields	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 doi (DE-627)DOAJ099460955 (DE-599)DOAJf5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Chunyang Zhu verfasserin aut Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance, especially the development of multidrug-resistant strains, is an urgent public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants have been shown to improve the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.MethodsWe verified that exogenous L-arginine promoted the killing effect of gentamicin against Salmonella in vitro and in vivo, and measured intracellular ATP, NADH, and PMF of bacteria. Gene expression was determined using real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThis study found that alkaline arginine significantly increased gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and apramycin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies showed that exogenous arginine was shown to increase the proton motive force, increasing the uptake of gentamicin and ultimately inducing bacterial cell death. Furthermore, in mouse infection model, arginine effectively improved gentamicin activity against Salmonella typhimurium.DiscussionThese findings confirm that arginine is a highly effective and harmless aminoglycoside adjuvant and provide important evidence for its use in combination with antimicrobial agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. Salmonella arginine gentamicin resistance proton motive force Microbiology Chunyang Zhu verfasserin aut Yanhong Zhou verfasserin aut Yanhong Zhou verfasserin aut Jian Kang verfasserin aut Heng Yang verfasserin aut Heng Yang verfasserin aut Jinglin Lin verfasserin aut Binghu Fang verfasserin aut Binghu Fang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 14(2023) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:14 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023
spelling	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 doi (DE-627)DOAJ099460955 (DE-599)DOAJf5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Chunyang Zhu verfasserin aut Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance, especially the development of multidrug-resistant strains, is an urgent public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants have been shown to improve the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.MethodsWe verified that exogenous L-arginine promoted the killing effect of gentamicin against Salmonella in vitro and in vivo, and measured intracellular ATP, NADH, and PMF of bacteria. Gene expression was determined using real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThis study found that alkaline arginine significantly increased gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and apramycin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies showed that exogenous arginine was shown to increase the proton motive force, increasing the uptake of gentamicin and ultimately inducing bacterial cell death. Furthermore, in mouse infection model, arginine effectively improved gentamicin activity against Salmonella typhimurium.DiscussionThese findings confirm that arginine is a highly effective and harmless aminoglycoside adjuvant and provide important evidence for its use in combination with antimicrobial agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. Salmonella arginine gentamicin resistance proton motive force Microbiology Chunyang Zhu verfasserin aut Yanhong Zhou verfasserin aut Yanhong Zhou verfasserin aut Jian Kang verfasserin aut Heng Yang verfasserin aut Heng Yang verfasserin aut Jinglin Lin verfasserin aut Binghu Fang verfasserin aut Binghu Fang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 14(2023) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:14 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 doi (DE-627)DOAJ099460955 (DE-599)DOAJf5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Chunyang Zhu verfasserin aut Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance, especially the development of multidrug-resistant strains, is an urgent public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants have been shown to improve the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.MethodsWe verified that exogenous L-arginine promoted the killing effect of gentamicin against Salmonella in vitro and in vivo, and measured intracellular ATP, NADH, and PMF of bacteria. Gene expression was determined using real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThis study found that alkaline arginine significantly increased gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and apramycin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies showed that exogenous arginine was shown to increase the proton motive force, increasing the uptake of gentamicin and ultimately inducing bacterial cell death. Furthermore, in mouse infection model, arginine effectively improved gentamicin activity against Salmonella typhimurium.DiscussionThese findings confirm that arginine is a highly effective and harmless aminoglycoside adjuvant and provide important evidence for its use in combination with antimicrobial agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. Salmonella arginine gentamicin resistance proton motive force Microbiology Chunyang Zhu verfasserin aut Yanhong Zhou verfasserin aut Yanhong Zhou verfasserin aut Jian Kang verfasserin aut Heng Yang verfasserin aut Heng Yang verfasserin aut Jinglin Lin verfasserin aut Binghu Fang verfasserin aut Binghu Fang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 14(2023) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:14 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023
allfieldsGer	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 doi (DE-627)DOAJ099460955 (DE-599)DOAJf5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Chunyang Zhu verfasserin aut Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance, especially the development of multidrug-resistant strains, is an urgent public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants have been shown to improve the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.MethodsWe verified that exogenous L-arginine promoted the killing effect of gentamicin against Salmonella in vitro and in vivo, and measured intracellular ATP, NADH, and PMF of bacteria. Gene expression was determined using real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThis study found that alkaline arginine significantly increased gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and apramycin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies showed that exogenous arginine was shown to increase the proton motive force, increasing the uptake of gentamicin and ultimately inducing bacterial cell death. Furthermore, in mouse infection model, arginine effectively improved gentamicin activity against Salmonella typhimurium.DiscussionThese findings confirm that arginine is a highly effective and harmless aminoglycoside adjuvant and provide important evidence for its use in combination with antimicrobial agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. Salmonella arginine gentamicin resistance proton motive force Microbiology Chunyang Zhu verfasserin aut Yanhong Zhou verfasserin aut Yanhong Zhou verfasserin aut Jian Kang verfasserin aut Heng Yang verfasserin aut Heng Yang verfasserin aut Jinglin Lin verfasserin aut Binghu Fang verfasserin aut Binghu Fang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 14(2023) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:14 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023
allfieldsSound	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 doi (DE-627)DOAJ099460955 (DE-599)DOAJf5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Chunyang Zhu verfasserin aut Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance, especially the development of multidrug-resistant strains, is an urgent public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants have been shown to improve the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.MethodsWe verified that exogenous L-arginine promoted the killing effect of gentamicin against Salmonella in vitro and in vivo, and measured intracellular ATP, NADH, and PMF of bacteria. Gene expression was determined using real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThis study found that alkaline arginine significantly increased gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and apramycin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies showed that exogenous arginine was shown to increase the proton motive force, increasing the uptake of gentamicin and ultimately inducing bacterial cell death. Furthermore, in mouse infection model, arginine effectively improved gentamicin activity against Salmonella typhimurium.DiscussionThese findings confirm that arginine is a highly effective and harmless aminoglycoside adjuvant and provide important evidence for its use in combination with antimicrobial agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. Salmonella arginine gentamicin resistance proton motive force Microbiology Chunyang Zhu verfasserin aut Yanhong Zhou verfasserin aut Yanhong Zhou verfasserin aut Jian Kang verfasserin aut Heng Yang verfasserin aut Heng Yang verfasserin aut Jinglin Lin verfasserin aut Binghu Fang verfasserin aut Binghu Fang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 14(2023) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:14 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2023
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Chunyang Zhu @@aut@@ Yanhong Zhou @@aut@@ Jian Kang @@aut@@ Heng Yang @@aut@@ Jinglin Lin @@aut@@ Binghu Fang @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Chunyang Zhu
spellingShingle	Chunyang Zhu misc QR1-502 misc Salmonella misc arginine misc gentamicin misc resistance misc proton motive force misc Microbiology Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force
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topic_title	QR1-502 Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force Salmonella arginine gentamicin resistance proton motive force
topic	misc QR1-502 misc Salmonella misc arginine misc gentamicin misc resistance misc proton motive force misc Microbiology
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title	Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force
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title_full	Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force
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title_sort	alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant salmonella by increasing nadh concentration and proton motive force
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title_auth	Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force
abstract	IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance, especially the development of multidrug-resistant strains, is an urgent public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants have been shown to improve the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.MethodsWe verified that exogenous L-arginine promoted the killing effect of gentamicin against Salmonella in vitro and in vivo, and measured intracellular ATP, NADH, and PMF of bacteria. Gene expression was determined using real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThis study found that alkaline arginine significantly increased gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and apramycin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies showed that exogenous arginine was shown to increase the proton motive force, increasing the uptake of gentamicin and ultimately inducing bacterial cell death. Furthermore, in mouse infection model, arginine effectively improved gentamicin activity against Salmonella typhimurium.DiscussionThese findings confirm that arginine is a highly effective and harmless aminoglycoside adjuvant and provide important evidence for its use in combination with antimicrobial agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections.
abstractGer	IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance, especially the development of multidrug-resistant strains, is an urgent public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants have been shown to improve the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.MethodsWe verified that exogenous L-arginine promoted the killing effect of gentamicin against Salmonella in vitro and in vivo, and measured intracellular ATP, NADH, and PMF of bacteria. Gene expression was determined using real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThis study found that alkaline arginine significantly increased gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and apramycin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies showed that exogenous arginine was shown to increase the proton motive force, increasing the uptake of gentamicin and ultimately inducing bacterial cell death. Furthermore, in mouse infection model, arginine effectively improved gentamicin activity against Salmonella typhimurium.DiscussionThese findings confirm that arginine is a highly effective and harmless aminoglycoside adjuvant and provide important evidence for its use in combination with antimicrobial agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections.
abstract_unstemmed	IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance, especially the development of multidrug-resistant strains, is an urgent public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants have been shown to improve the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.MethodsWe verified that exogenous L-arginine promoted the killing effect of gentamicin against Salmonella in vitro and in vivo, and measured intracellular ATP, NADH, and PMF of bacteria. Gene expression was determined using real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThis study found that alkaline arginine significantly increased gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and apramycin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies showed that exogenous arginine was shown to increase the proton motive force, increasing the uptake of gentamicin and ultimately inducing bacterial cell death. Furthermore, in mouse infection model, arginine effectively improved gentamicin activity against Salmonella typhimurium.DiscussionThese findings confirm that arginine is a highly effective and harmless aminoglycoside adjuvant and provide important evidence for its use in combination with antimicrobial agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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title_short	Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force
url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825 https://doaj.org/article/f5a510e1043d4008872343f1b61c67c4 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237825/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X
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Alkaline arginine promotes the gentamicin-mediated killing of drug-resistant Salmonella by increasing NADH concentration and proton motive force

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