Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia

The intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the proliferation of antibiotic. In this study,antibiotic resistantbacteria from six different aquaculture sources (pond of Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), and rivers of Kukup, Pulai, Pendas Laut, Sungai Melayu and Kong Kong) were isolat...
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Autor*in:	Kar Yern Kam [verfasserIn] Mohd Farazi Jaafar [verfasserIn] Mohd Helmi Sani [verfasserIn] Mohd Suardi Suhaimi [verfasserIn] Nor Azimah Mohd Zain [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	antibiotic resistance multiple antibiotic resistance aquaculture sources mar index value 16s rrna gene sequencing

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Tropical Life Science - University of Brawijaya, 2011, 12(2022), 2, Seite 207-218
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2022 ; number:2 ; pages:207-218

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ100189245

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520			\|a The intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the proliferation of antibiotic. In this study,antibiotic resistantbacteria from six different aquaculture sources (pond of Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), and rivers of Kukup, Pulai, Pendas Laut, Sungai Melayu and Kong Kong) were isolated. These isolates were tested for antibiotic re-sistance against sevenantibiotics via the disc diffusion method. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic identification via 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The results show that 58 out of 118 bacterial isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics. The highest isolate resistance was observed towards rifampicin (89.66%), followed by ampicillin (79.31%) and sulfafurazole (67.24%). The isolates with multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index valueswith more than 20% were sub-jected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the bacterial strains exhibit multiple antibiotic resistance, indicating that they were isolated from highly contami-nated sources based on the tested water qualities profiles, which showed the high level of turbidity and total dissolved solid (TDS) in mostsampling sites with the high num-ber of MAR bacteria obtained.
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allfields	(DE-627)DOAJ100189245 (DE-599)DOAJf26349f13ae74e0c85eac5ae4c632d42 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Kar Yern Kam verfasserin aut Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the proliferation of antibiotic. In this study,antibiotic resistantbacteria from six different aquaculture sources (pond of Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), and rivers of Kukup, Pulai, Pendas Laut, Sungai Melayu and Kong Kong) were isolated. These isolates were tested for antibiotic re-sistance against sevenantibiotics via the disc diffusion method. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic identification via 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The results show that 58 out of 118 bacterial isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics. The highest isolate resistance was observed towards rifampicin (89.66%), followed by ampicillin (79.31%) and sulfafurazole (67.24%). The isolates with multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index valueswith more than 20% were sub-jected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the bacterial strains exhibit multiple antibiotic resistance, indicating that they were isolated from highly contami-nated sources based on the tested water qualities profiles, which showed the high level of turbidity and total dissolved solid (TDS) in mostsampling sites with the high num-ber of MAR bacteria obtained. antibiotic resistance multiple antibiotic resistance aquaculture sources mar index value 16s rrna gene sequencing Biology (General) Mohd Farazi Jaafar verfasserin aut Mohd Helmi Sani verfasserin aut Mohd Suardi Suhaimi verfasserin aut Nor Azimah Mohd Zain verfasserin aut In Journal of Tropical Life Science University of Brawijaya, 2011 12(2022), 2, Seite 207-218 (DE-627)687717329 (DE-600)2651860-0 20875517 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:2 pages:207-218 http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.12.02.07 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f26349f13ae74e0c85eac5ae4c632d42 kostenfrei https://jtrolis.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtrolis/article/view/1885/584 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2087-5517 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 2 207-218
spelling	(DE-627)DOAJ100189245 (DE-599)DOAJf26349f13ae74e0c85eac5ae4c632d42 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Kar Yern Kam verfasserin aut Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the proliferation of antibiotic. In this study,antibiotic resistantbacteria from six different aquaculture sources (pond of Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), and rivers of Kukup, Pulai, Pendas Laut, Sungai Melayu and Kong Kong) were isolated. These isolates were tested for antibiotic re-sistance against sevenantibiotics via the disc diffusion method. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic identification via 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The results show that 58 out of 118 bacterial isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics. The highest isolate resistance was observed towards rifampicin (89.66%), followed by ampicillin (79.31%) and sulfafurazole (67.24%). The isolates with multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index valueswith more than 20% were sub-jected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the bacterial strains exhibit multiple antibiotic resistance, indicating that they were isolated from highly contami-nated sources based on the tested water qualities profiles, which showed the high level of turbidity and total dissolved solid (TDS) in mostsampling sites with the high num-ber of MAR bacteria obtained. antibiotic resistance multiple antibiotic resistance aquaculture sources mar index value 16s rrna gene sequencing Biology (General) Mohd Farazi Jaafar verfasserin aut Mohd Helmi Sani verfasserin aut Mohd Suardi Suhaimi verfasserin aut Nor Azimah Mohd Zain verfasserin aut In Journal of Tropical Life Science University of Brawijaya, 2011 12(2022), 2, Seite 207-218 (DE-627)687717329 (DE-600)2651860-0 20875517 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:2 pages:207-218 http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.12.02.07 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f26349f13ae74e0c85eac5ae4c632d42 kostenfrei https://jtrolis.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtrolis/article/view/1885/584 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2087-5517 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 2 207-218
allfields_unstemmed	(DE-627)DOAJ100189245 (DE-599)DOAJf26349f13ae74e0c85eac5ae4c632d42 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Kar Yern Kam verfasserin aut Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the proliferation of antibiotic. In this study,antibiotic resistantbacteria from six different aquaculture sources (pond of Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), and rivers of Kukup, Pulai, Pendas Laut, Sungai Melayu and Kong Kong) were isolated. These isolates were tested for antibiotic re-sistance against sevenantibiotics via the disc diffusion method. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic identification via 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The results show that 58 out of 118 bacterial isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics. The highest isolate resistance was observed towards rifampicin (89.66%), followed by ampicillin (79.31%) and sulfafurazole (67.24%). The isolates with multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index valueswith more than 20% were sub-jected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the bacterial strains exhibit multiple antibiotic resistance, indicating that they were isolated from highly contami-nated sources based on the tested water qualities profiles, which showed the high level of turbidity and total dissolved solid (TDS) in mostsampling sites with the high num-ber of MAR bacteria obtained. antibiotic resistance multiple antibiotic resistance aquaculture sources mar index value 16s rrna gene sequencing Biology (General) Mohd Farazi Jaafar verfasserin aut Mohd Helmi Sani verfasserin aut Mohd Suardi Suhaimi verfasserin aut Nor Azimah Mohd Zain verfasserin aut In Journal of Tropical Life Science University of Brawijaya, 2011 12(2022), 2, Seite 207-218 (DE-627)687717329 (DE-600)2651860-0 20875517 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:2 pages:207-218 http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.12.02.07 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f26349f13ae74e0c85eac5ae4c632d42 kostenfrei https://jtrolis.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtrolis/article/view/1885/584 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2087-5517 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 2 207-218
allfieldsGer	(DE-627)DOAJ100189245 (DE-599)DOAJf26349f13ae74e0c85eac5ae4c632d42 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Kar Yern Kam verfasserin aut Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the proliferation of antibiotic. In this study,antibiotic resistantbacteria from six different aquaculture sources (pond of Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), and rivers of Kukup, Pulai, Pendas Laut, Sungai Melayu and Kong Kong) were isolated. These isolates were tested for antibiotic re-sistance against sevenantibiotics via the disc diffusion method. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic identification via 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The results show that 58 out of 118 bacterial isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics. The highest isolate resistance was observed towards rifampicin (89.66%), followed by ampicillin (79.31%) and sulfafurazole (67.24%). The isolates with multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index valueswith more than 20% were sub-jected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the bacterial strains exhibit multiple antibiotic resistance, indicating that they were isolated from highly contami-nated sources based on the tested water qualities profiles, which showed the high level of turbidity and total dissolved solid (TDS) in mostsampling sites with the high num-ber of MAR bacteria obtained. antibiotic resistance multiple antibiotic resistance aquaculture sources mar index value 16s rrna gene sequencing Biology (General) Mohd Farazi Jaafar verfasserin aut Mohd Helmi Sani verfasserin aut Mohd Suardi Suhaimi verfasserin aut Nor Azimah Mohd Zain verfasserin aut In Journal of Tropical Life Science University of Brawijaya, 2011 12(2022), 2, Seite 207-218 (DE-627)687717329 (DE-600)2651860-0 20875517 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:2 pages:207-218 http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.12.02.07 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f26349f13ae74e0c85eac5ae4c632d42 kostenfrei https://jtrolis.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtrolis/article/view/1885/584 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2087-5517 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 2 207-218
allfieldsSound	(DE-627)DOAJ100189245 (DE-599)DOAJf26349f13ae74e0c85eac5ae4c632d42 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Kar Yern Kam verfasserin aut Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the proliferation of antibiotic. In this study,antibiotic resistantbacteria from six different aquaculture sources (pond of Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), and rivers of Kukup, Pulai, Pendas Laut, Sungai Melayu and Kong Kong) were isolated. These isolates were tested for antibiotic re-sistance against sevenantibiotics via the disc diffusion method. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic identification via 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The results show that 58 out of 118 bacterial isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics. The highest isolate resistance was observed towards rifampicin (89.66%), followed by ampicillin (79.31%) and sulfafurazole (67.24%). The isolates with multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index valueswith more than 20% were sub-jected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the bacterial strains exhibit multiple antibiotic resistance, indicating that they were isolated from highly contami-nated sources based on the tested water qualities profiles, which showed the high level of turbidity and total dissolved solid (TDS) in mostsampling sites with the high num-ber of MAR bacteria obtained. antibiotic resistance multiple antibiotic resistance aquaculture sources mar index value 16s rrna gene sequencing Biology (General) Mohd Farazi Jaafar verfasserin aut Mohd Helmi Sani verfasserin aut Mohd Suardi Suhaimi verfasserin aut Nor Azimah Mohd Zain verfasserin aut In Journal of Tropical Life Science University of Brawijaya, 2011 12(2022), 2, Seite 207-218 (DE-627)687717329 (DE-600)2651860-0 20875517 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:2 pages:207-218 http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.12.02.07 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f26349f13ae74e0c85eac5ae4c632d42 kostenfrei https://jtrolis.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtrolis/article/view/1885/584 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2087-5517 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 2 207-218
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source	In Journal of Tropical Life Science 12(2022), 2, Seite 207-218 volume:12 year:2022 number:2 pages:207-218
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Kar Yern Kam
spellingShingle	Kar Yern Kam misc QH301-705.5 misc antibiotic resistance misc multiple antibiotic resistance misc aquaculture sources misc mar index value misc 16s rrna gene sequencing misc Biology (General) Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia antibiotic resistance multiple antibiotic resistance aquaculture sources mar index value 16s rrna gene sequencing
topic	misc QH301-705.5 misc antibiotic resistance misc multiple antibiotic resistance misc aquaculture sources misc mar index value misc 16s rrna gene sequencing misc Biology (General)
topic_unstemmed	misc QH301-705.5 misc antibiotic resistance misc multiple antibiotic resistance misc aquaculture sources misc mar index value misc 16s rrna gene sequencing misc Biology (General)
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title	Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia
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title_full	Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia
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title_sort	prevalence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in aquaculture sources in johor, malaysia
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title_auth	Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia
abstract	The intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the proliferation of antibiotic. In this study,antibiotic resistantbacteria from six different aquaculture sources (pond of Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), and rivers of Kukup, Pulai, Pendas Laut, Sungai Melayu and Kong Kong) were isolated. These isolates were tested for antibiotic re-sistance against sevenantibiotics via the disc diffusion method. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic identification via 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The results show that 58 out of 118 bacterial isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics. The highest isolate resistance was observed towards rifampicin (89.66%), followed by ampicillin (79.31%) and sulfafurazole (67.24%). The isolates with multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index valueswith more than 20% were sub-jected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the bacterial strains exhibit multiple antibiotic resistance, indicating that they were isolated from highly contami-nated sources based on the tested water qualities profiles, which showed the high level of turbidity and total dissolved solid (TDS) in mostsampling sites with the high num-ber of MAR bacteria obtained.
abstractGer	The intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the proliferation of antibiotic. In this study,antibiotic resistantbacteria from six different aquaculture sources (pond of Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), and rivers of Kukup, Pulai, Pendas Laut, Sungai Melayu and Kong Kong) were isolated. These isolates were tested for antibiotic re-sistance against sevenantibiotics via the disc diffusion method. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic identification via 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The results show that 58 out of 118 bacterial isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics. The highest isolate resistance was observed towards rifampicin (89.66%), followed by ampicillin (79.31%) and sulfafurazole (67.24%). The isolates with multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index valueswith more than 20% were sub-jected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the bacterial strains exhibit multiple antibiotic resistance, indicating that they were isolated from highly contami-nated sources based on the tested water qualities profiles, which showed the high level of turbidity and total dissolved solid (TDS) in mostsampling sites with the high num-ber of MAR bacteria obtained.
abstract_unstemmed	The intensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the proliferation of antibiotic. In this study,antibiotic resistantbacteria from six different aquaculture sources (pond of Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), and rivers of Kukup, Pulai, Pendas Laut, Sungai Melayu and Kong Kong) were isolated. These isolates were tested for antibiotic re-sistance against sevenantibiotics via the disc diffusion method. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic identification via 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The results show that 58 out of 118 bacterial isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics. The highest isolate resistance was observed towards rifampicin (89.66%), followed by ampicillin (79.31%) and sulfafurazole (67.24%). The isolates with multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index valueswith more than 20% were sub-jected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the bacterial strains exhibit multiple antibiotic resistance, indicating that they were isolated from highly contami-nated sources based on the tested water qualities profiles, which showed the high level of turbidity and total dissolved solid (TDS) in mostsampling sites with the high num-ber of MAR bacteria obtained.
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title_short	Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Aquaculture Sources in Johor, Malaysia
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