Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization

Abstract Radiation schemes are critical components of Earth system models that need to be both efficient and accurate. Despite the use of approximations such as 1D radiative transfer, radiation can account for a large share of the runtime of expensive climate simulations. Here we seek a new state‐of...
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Autor*in:	Peter Ukkonen [verfasserIn] Robin J. Hogan [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	radiation scheme optimization

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems - American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2014, 16(2024), 1, Seite n/a-n/a
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:16 ; year:2024 ; number:1 ; pages:n/a-n/a

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1029/2023MS003932

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ10032987X

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allfields	10.1029/2023MS003932 doi (DE-627)DOAJ10032987X (DE-599)DOAJ48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng GB3-5030 GC1-1581 Peter Ukkonen verfasserin aut Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Radiation schemes are critical components of Earth system models that need to be both efficient and accurate. Despite the use of approximations such as 1D radiative transfer, radiation can account for a large share of the runtime of expensive climate simulations. Here we seek a new state‐of‐the‐art in speed and accuracy by combining code optimization with improved algorithms. To fully benefit from new spectrally reduced gas optics schemes, we restructure code to avoid short vectorized loops where possible by collapsing the spectral and vertical dimensions. Our main focus is the ecRad radiation scheme, where this requires batching of adjacent cloudy layers, trading some simplicity for improved vectorization and instruction‐level parallelism. When combined with common optimization techniques for serial code and porting widely used two‐stream kernels fully to single precision, we find that ecRad with the TripleClouds solver becomes 12 times faster than the operational radiation scheme in ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) cycle 47r3, which uses a less accurate gas optics model (RRMTG) and a more noisy solver (McICA). After applying the spectral reduction and extensive optimizations to the more sophisticated SPARTACUS solver, we find that it’s 2.5 times faster than IFS cy47r3 radiation, making cloud 3D radiative effects affordable to compute in large‐scale models. The code optimization itself gave a threefold speedup for both solvers. While SPARTACUS is still under development, preliminary experiments show slightly improved medium‐range forecasts of 2‐m temperature in the tropics, and in year‐long coupled atmosphere‐ocean simulations the 3D effects warm the surface substantially. radiation scheme optimization Physical geography Oceanography Robin J. Hogan verfasserin aut In Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2014 16(2024), 1, Seite n/a-n/a (DE-627)584406932 (DE-600)2462132-8 19422466 nnns volume:16 year:2024 number:1 pages:n/a-n/a https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2024 1 n/a-n/a
spelling	10.1029/2023MS003932 doi (DE-627)DOAJ10032987X (DE-599)DOAJ48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng GB3-5030 GC1-1581 Peter Ukkonen verfasserin aut Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Radiation schemes are critical components of Earth system models that need to be both efficient and accurate. Despite the use of approximations such as 1D radiative transfer, radiation can account for a large share of the runtime of expensive climate simulations. Here we seek a new state‐of‐the‐art in speed and accuracy by combining code optimization with improved algorithms. To fully benefit from new spectrally reduced gas optics schemes, we restructure code to avoid short vectorized loops where possible by collapsing the spectral and vertical dimensions. Our main focus is the ecRad radiation scheme, where this requires batching of adjacent cloudy layers, trading some simplicity for improved vectorization and instruction‐level parallelism. When combined with common optimization techniques for serial code and porting widely used two‐stream kernels fully to single precision, we find that ecRad with the TripleClouds solver becomes 12 times faster than the operational radiation scheme in ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) cycle 47r3, which uses a less accurate gas optics model (RRMTG) and a more noisy solver (McICA). After applying the spectral reduction and extensive optimizations to the more sophisticated SPARTACUS solver, we find that it’s 2.5 times faster than IFS cy47r3 radiation, making cloud 3D radiative effects affordable to compute in large‐scale models. The code optimization itself gave a threefold speedup for both solvers. While SPARTACUS is still under development, preliminary experiments show slightly improved medium‐range forecasts of 2‐m temperature in the tropics, and in year‐long coupled atmosphere‐ocean simulations the 3D effects warm the surface substantially. radiation scheme optimization Physical geography Oceanography Robin J. Hogan verfasserin aut In Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2014 16(2024), 1, Seite n/a-n/a (DE-627)584406932 (DE-600)2462132-8 19422466 nnns volume:16 year:2024 number:1 pages:n/a-n/a https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2024 1 n/a-n/a
allfields_unstemmed	10.1029/2023MS003932 doi (DE-627)DOAJ10032987X (DE-599)DOAJ48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng GB3-5030 GC1-1581 Peter Ukkonen verfasserin aut Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Radiation schemes are critical components of Earth system models that need to be both efficient and accurate. Despite the use of approximations such as 1D radiative transfer, radiation can account for a large share of the runtime of expensive climate simulations. Here we seek a new state‐of‐the‐art in speed and accuracy by combining code optimization with improved algorithms. To fully benefit from new spectrally reduced gas optics schemes, we restructure code to avoid short vectorized loops where possible by collapsing the spectral and vertical dimensions. Our main focus is the ecRad radiation scheme, where this requires batching of adjacent cloudy layers, trading some simplicity for improved vectorization and instruction‐level parallelism. When combined with common optimization techniques for serial code and porting widely used two‐stream kernels fully to single precision, we find that ecRad with the TripleClouds solver becomes 12 times faster than the operational radiation scheme in ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) cycle 47r3, which uses a less accurate gas optics model (RRMTG) and a more noisy solver (McICA). After applying the spectral reduction and extensive optimizations to the more sophisticated SPARTACUS solver, we find that it’s 2.5 times faster than IFS cy47r3 radiation, making cloud 3D radiative effects affordable to compute in large‐scale models. The code optimization itself gave a threefold speedup for both solvers. While SPARTACUS is still under development, preliminary experiments show slightly improved medium‐range forecasts of 2‐m temperature in the tropics, and in year‐long coupled atmosphere‐ocean simulations the 3D effects warm the surface substantially. radiation scheme optimization Physical geography Oceanography Robin J. Hogan verfasserin aut In Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2014 16(2024), 1, Seite n/a-n/a (DE-627)584406932 (DE-600)2462132-8 19422466 nnns volume:16 year:2024 number:1 pages:n/a-n/a https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2024 1 n/a-n/a
allfieldsGer	10.1029/2023MS003932 doi (DE-627)DOAJ10032987X (DE-599)DOAJ48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng GB3-5030 GC1-1581 Peter Ukkonen verfasserin aut Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Radiation schemes are critical components of Earth system models that need to be both efficient and accurate. Despite the use of approximations such as 1D radiative transfer, radiation can account for a large share of the runtime of expensive climate simulations. Here we seek a new state‐of‐the‐art in speed and accuracy by combining code optimization with improved algorithms. To fully benefit from new spectrally reduced gas optics schemes, we restructure code to avoid short vectorized loops where possible by collapsing the spectral and vertical dimensions. Our main focus is the ecRad radiation scheme, where this requires batching of adjacent cloudy layers, trading some simplicity for improved vectorization and instruction‐level parallelism. When combined with common optimization techniques for serial code and porting widely used two‐stream kernels fully to single precision, we find that ecRad with the TripleClouds solver becomes 12 times faster than the operational radiation scheme in ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) cycle 47r3, which uses a less accurate gas optics model (RRMTG) and a more noisy solver (McICA). After applying the spectral reduction and extensive optimizations to the more sophisticated SPARTACUS solver, we find that it’s 2.5 times faster than IFS cy47r3 radiation, making cloud 3D radiative effects affordable to compute in large‐scale models. The code optimization itself gave a threefold speedup for both solvers. While SPARTACUS is still under development, preliminary experiments show slightly improved medium‐range forecasts of 2‐m temperature in the tropics, and in year‐long coupled atmosphere‐ocean simulations the 3D effects warm the surface substantially. radiation scheme optimization Physical geography Oceanography Robin J. Hogan verfasserin aut In Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2014 16(2024), 1, Seite n/a-n/a (DE-627)584406932 (DE-600)2462132-8 19422466 nnns volume:16 year:2024 number:1 pages:n/a-n/a https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2024 1 n/a-n/a
allfieldsSound	10.1029/2023MS003932 doi (DE-627)DOAJ10032987X (DE-599)DOAJ48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng GB3-5030 GC1-1581 Peter Ukkonen verfasserin aut Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Radiation schemes are critical components of Earth system models that need to be both efficient and accurate. Despite the use of approximations such as 1D radiative transfer, radiation can account for a large share of the runtime of expensive climate simulations. Here we seek a new state‐of‐the‐art in speed and accuracy by combining code optimization with improved algorithms. To fully benefit from new spectrally reduced gas optics schemes, we restructure code to avoid short vectorized loops where possible by collapsing the spectral and vertical dimensions. Our main focus is the ecRad radiation scheme, where this requires batching of adjacent cloudy layers, trading some simplicity for improved vectorization and instruction‐level parallelism. When combined with common optimization techniques for serial code and porting widely used two‐stream kernels fully to single precision, we find that ecRad with the TripleClouds solver becomes 12 times faster than the operational radiation scheme in ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) cycle 47r3, which uses a less accurate gas optics model (RRMTG) and a more noisy solver (McICA). After applying the spectral reduction and extensive optimizations to the more sophisticated SPARTACUS solver, we find that it’s 2.5 times faster than IFS cy47r3 radiation, making cloud 3D radiative effects affordable to compute in large‐scale models. The code optimization itself gave a threefold speedup for both solvers. While SPARTACUS is still under development, preliminary experiments show slightly improved medium‐range forecasts of 2‐m temperature in the tropics, and in year‐long coupled atmosphere‐ocean simulations the 3D effects warm the surface substantially. radiation scheme optimization Physical geography Oceanography Robin J. Hogan verfasserin aut In Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2014 16(2024), 1, Seite n/a-n/a (DE-627)584406932 (DE-600)2462132-8 19422466 nnns volume:16 year:2024 number:1 pages:n/a-n/a https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2024 1 n/a-n/a
language	English
source	In Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16(2024), 1, Seite n/a-n/a volume:16 year:2024 number:1 pages:n/a-n/a
sourceStr	In Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16(2024), 1, Seite n/a-n/a volume:16 year:2024 number:1 pages:n/a-n/a
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	radiation scheme optimization Physical geography Oceanography
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Peter Ukkonen @@aut@@ Robin J. Hogan @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	584406932
id	DOAJ10032987X
language_de	englisch
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When combined with common optimization techniques for serial code and porting widely used two‐stream kernels fully to single precision, we find that ecRad with the TripleClouds solver becomes 12 times faster than the operational radiation scheme in ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) cycle 47r3, which uses a less accurate gas optics model (RRMTG) and a more noisy solver (McICA). After applying the spectral reduction and extensive optimizations to the more sophisticated SPARTACUS solver, we find that it’s 2.5 times faster than IFS cy47r3 radiation, making cloud 3D radiative effects affordable to compute in large‐scale models. The code optimization itself gave a threefold speedup for both solvers. 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callnumber-first	G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation
author	Peter Ukkonen
spellingShingle	Peter Ukkonen misc GB3-5030 misc GC1-1581 misc radiation scheme misc optimization misc Physical geography misc Oceanography Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization
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topic_title	GB3-5030 GC1-1581 Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization radiation scheme optimization
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title	Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization
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title_full	Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization
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title_sort	twelve times faster yet accurate: a new state‐of‐the‐art in radiation schemes via performance and spectral optimization
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title_auth	Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization
abstract	Abstract Radiation schemes are critical components of Earth system models that need to be both efficient and accurate. Despite the use of approximations such as 1D radiative transfer, radiation can account for a large share of the runtime of expensive climate simulations. Here we seek a new state‐of‐the‐art in speed and accuracy by combining code optimization with improved algorithms. To fully benefit from new spectrally reduced gas optics schemes, we restructure code to avoid short vectorized loops where possible by collapsing the spectral and vertical dimensions. Our main focus is the ecRad radiation scheme, where this requires batching of adjacent cloudy layers, trading some simplicity for improved vectorization and instruction‐level parallelism. When combined with common optimization techniques for serial code and porting widely used two‐stream kernels fully to single precision, we find that ecRad with the TripleClouds solver becomes 12 times faster than the operational radiation scheme in ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) cycle 47r3, which uses a less accurate gas optics model (RRMTG) and a more noisy solver (McICA). After applying the spectral reduction and extensive optimizations to the more sophisticated SPARTACUS solver, we find that it’s 2.5 times faster than IFS cy47r3 radiation, making cloud 3D radiative effects affordable to compute in large‐scale models. The code optimization itself gave a threefold speedup for both solvers. While SPARTACUS is still under development, preliminary experiments show slightly improved medium‐range forecasts of 2‐m temperature in the tropics, and in year‐long coupled atmosphere‐ocean simulations the 3D effects warm the surface substantially.
abstractGer	Abstract Radiation schemes are critical components of Earth system models that need to be both efficient and accurate. Despite the use of approximations such as 1D radiative transfer, radiation can account for a large share of the runtime of expensive climate simulations. Here we seek a new state‐of‐the‐art in speed and accuracy by combining code optimization with improved algorithms. To fully benefit from new spectrally reduced gas optics schemes, we restructure code to avoid short vectorized loops where possible by collapsing the spectral and vertical dimensions. Our main focus is the ecRad radiation scheme, where this requires batching of adjacent cloudy layers, trading some simplicity for improved vectorization and instruction‐level parallelism. When combined with common optimization techniques for serial code and porting widely used two‐stream kernels fully to single precision, we find that ecRad with the TripleClouds solver becomes 12 times faster than the operational radiation scheme in ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) cycle 47r3, which uses a less accurate gas optics model (RRMTG) and a more noisy solver (McICA). After applying the spectral reduction and extensive optimizations to the more sophisticated SPARTACUS solver, we find that it’s 2.5 times faster than IFS cy47r3 radiation, making cloud 3D radiative effects affordable to compute in large‐scale models. The code optimization itself gave a threefold speedup for both solvers. While SPARTACUS is still under development, preliminary experiments show slightly improved medium‐range forecasts of 2‐m temperature in the tropics, and in year‐long coupled atmosphere‐ocean simulations the 3D effects warm the surface substantially.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Radiation schemes are critical components of Earth system models that need to be both efficient and accurate. Despite the use of approximations such as 1D radiative transfer, radiation can account for a large share of the runtime of expensive climate simulations. Here we seek a new state‐of‐the‐art in speed and accuracy by combining code optimization with improved algorithms. To fully benefit from new spectrally reduced gas optics schemes, we restructure code to avoid short vectorized loops where possible by collapsing the spectral and vertical dimensions. Our main focus is the ecRad radiation scheme, where this requires batching of adjacent cloudy layers, trading some simplicity for improved vectorization and instruction‐level parallelism. When combined with common optimization techniques for serial code and porting widely used two‐stream kernels fully to single precision, we find that ecRad with the TripleClouds solver becomes 12 times faster than the operational radiation scheme in ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) cycle 47r3, which uses a less accurate gas optics model (RRMTG) and a more noisy solver (McICA). After applying the spectral reduction and extensive optimizations to the more sophisticated SPARTACUS solver, we find that it’s 2.5 times faster than IFS cy47r3 radiation, making cloud 3D radiative effects affordable to compute in large‐scale models. The code optimization itself gave a threefold speedup for both solvers. While SPARTACUS is still under development, preliminary experiments show slightly improved medium‐range forecasts of 2‐m temperature in the tropics, and in year‐long coupled atmosphere‐ocean simulations the 3D effects warm the surface substantially.
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title_short	Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization
url	https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003932 https://doaj.org/article/48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466
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up_date	2024-07-03T14:04:17.037Z
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fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ10032987X</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240414091441.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">240414s2024 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1029/2023MS003932</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ10032987X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJ48f34b484d9c42b79939cfa4a60fbdcb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">GB3-5030</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">GC1-1581</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Peter Ukkonen</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2024</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract Radiation schemes are critical components of Earth system models that need to be both efficient and accurate. 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When combined with common optimization techniques for serial code and porting widely used two‐stream kernels fully to single precision, we find that ecRad with the TripleClouds solver becomes 12 times faster than the operational radiation scheme in ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) cycle 47r3, which uses a less accurate gas optics model (RRMTG) and a more noisy solver (McICA). After applying the spectral reduction and extensive optimizations to the more sophisticated SPARTACUS solver, we find that it’s 2.5 times faster than IFS cy47r3 radiation, making cloud 3D radiative effects affordable to compute in large‐scale models. The code optimization itself gave a threefold speedup for both solvers. 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Twelve Times Faster yet Accurate: A New State‐Of‐The‐Art in Radiation Schemes via Performance and Spectral Optimization

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