Extrahepatic Vitamin K-Dependent Gla-Proteins–Potential Cardiometabolic Biomarkers

One mechanism to regulate pathological vascular calcification (VC) is its active inhibition. Loss or inactivation of endogenic inhibitors is a major inductor of VC. Such inhibitors are proteins rich in gamma-glutamyl residues (Gla-proteins), whose function strongly depends on vitamin K. The current...
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Autor*in:	Bistra Galunska [verfasserIn] Yoto Yotov [verfasserIn] Miglena Nikolova [verfasserIn] Atanas Angelov [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	vascular calcification cardiometabolic Gla-proteins osteocalcin matrix Gla-protein Gla-rich protein

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences - MDPI AG, 2003, 25(2024), 6, p 3517
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:25 ; year:2024 ; number:6, p 3517

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ijms25063517

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ100491804

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allfieldsSound	10.3390/ijms25063517 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100491804 (DE-599)DOAJ1800d130cec349a6ac4c7e5f81f80908 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Bistra Galunska verfasserin aut Extrahepatic Vitamin K-Dependent Gla-Proteins–Potential Cardiometabolic Biomarkers 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier One mechanism to regulate pathological vascular calcification (VC) is its active inhibition. Loss or inactivation of endogenic inhibitors is a major inductor of VC. Such inhibitors are proteins rich in gamma-glutamyl residues (Gla-proteins), whose function strongly depends on vitamin K. The current narrative review is focused on discussing the role of extrahepatic vitamin K-dependent Gla-proteins (osteocalcin, OC; matrix Gla-protein, MGP; Gla-rich protein, GRP) in cardio-vascular pathology. Gla-proteins possess several functionally active forms whose role in the pathogenesis of VC is still unclear. It is assumed that low circulating non-phosphorylated MGP is an indicator of active calcification and could be a novel biomarker of prevalent VC. High circulating completely inactive MGP is proposed as a novel risk factor for cardio-vascular events, disease progression, mortality, and vitamin K deficiency. The ratio between uncarboxylated (ucOC) and carboxylated (cOC) OC is considered as an indicator of vitamin K status indirectly reflecting arterial calcium. Despite the evidence that OC is an important energy metabolic regulator, its role on global cardio-vascular risk remains unclear. GRP acts as a molecular mediator between inflammation and calcification and may emerge as a novel biomarker playing a key role in these processes. Gla-proteins benefit clinical practice as inhibitors of VC, modifiable by dietary factors. vascular calcification cardiometabolic Gla-proteins osteocalcin matrix Gla-protein Gla-rich protein Biology (General) Chemistry Yoto Yotov verfasserin aut Miglena Nikolova verfasserin aut Atanas Angelov verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 25(2024), 6, p 3517 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:25 year:2024 number:6, p 3517 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063517 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1800d130cec349a6ac4c7e5f81f80908 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/6/3517 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2024 6, p 3517
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author	Bistra Galunska
spellingShingle	Bistra Galunska misc QH301-705.5 misc QD1-999 misc vascular calcification misc cardiometabolic misc Gla-proteins misc osteocalcin misc matrix Gla-protein misc Gla-rich protein misc Biology (General) misc Chemistry Extrahepatic Vitamin K-Dependent Gla-Proteins–Potential Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Extrahepatic Vitamin K-Dependent Gla-Proteins–Potential Cardiometabolic Biomarkers vascular calcification cardiometabolic Gla-proteins osteocalcin matrix Gla-protein Gla-rich protein
topic	misc QH301-705.5 misc QD1-999 misc vascular calcification misc cardiometabolic misc Gla-proteins misc osteocalcin misc matrix Gla-protein misc Gla-rich protein misc Biology (General) misc Chemistry
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title	Extrahepatic Vitamin K-Dependent Gla-Proteins–Potential Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
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title_sort	extrahepatic vitamin k-dependent gla-proteins–potential cardiometabolic biomarkers
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title_auth	Extrahepatic Vitamin K-Dependent Gla-Proteins–Potential Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
abstract	One mechanism to regulate pathological vascular calcification (VC) is its active inhibition. Loss or inactivation of endogenic inhibitors is a major inductor of VC. Such inhibitors are proteins rich in gamma-glutamyl residues (Gla-proteins), whose function strongly depends on vitamin K. The current narrative review is focused on discussing the role of extrahepatic vitamin K-dependent Gla-proteins (osteocalcin, OC; matrix Gla-protein, MGP; Gla-rich protein, GRP) in cardio-vascular pathology. Gla-proteins possess several functionally active forms whose role in the pathogenesis of VC is still unclear. It is assumed that low circulating non-phosphorylated MGP is an indicator of active calcification and could be a novel biomarker of prevalent VC. High circulating completely inactive MGP is proposed as a novel risk factor for cardio-vascular events, disease progression, mortality, and vitamin K deficiency. The ratio between uncarboxylated (ucOC) and carboxylated (cOC) OC is considered as an indicator of vitamin K status indirectly reflecting arterial calcium. Despite the evidence that OC is an important energy metabolic regulator, its role on global cardio-vascular risk remains unclear. GRP acts as a molecular mediator between inflammation and calcification and may emerge as a novel biomarker playing a key role in these processes. Gla-proteins benefit clinical practice as inhibitors of VC, modifiable by dietary factors.
abstractGer	One mechanism to regulate pathological vascular calcification (VC) is its active inhibition. Loss or inactivation of endogenic inhibitors is a major inductor of VC. Such inhibitors are proteins rich in gamma-glutamyl residues (Gla-proteins), whose function strongly depends on vitamin K. The current narrative review is focused on discussing the role of extrahepatic vitamin K-dependent Gla-proteins (osteocalcin, OC; matrix Gla-protein, MGP; Gla-rich protein, GRP) in cardio-vascular pathology. Gla-proteins possess several functionally active forms whose role in the pathogenesis of VC is still unclear. It is assumed that low circulating non-phosphorylated MGP is an indicator of active calcification and could be a novel biomarker of prevalent VC. High circulating completely inactive MGP is proposed as a novel risk factor for cardio-vascular events, disease progression, mortality, and vitamin K deficiency. The ratio between uncarboxylated (ucOC) and carboxylated (cOC) OC is considered as an indicator of vitamin K status indirectly reflecting arterial calcium. Despite the evidence that OC is an important energy metabolic regulator, its role on global cardio-vascular risk remains unclear. GRP acts as a molecular mediator between inflammation and calcification and may emerge as a novel biomarker playing a key role in these processes. Gla-proteins benefit clinical practice as inhibitors of VC, modifiable by dietary factors.
abstract_unstemmed	One mechanism to regulate pathological vascular calcification (VC) is its active inhibition. Loss or inactivation of endogenic inhibitors is a major inductor of VC. Such inhibitors are proteins rich in gamma-glutamyl residues (Gla-proteins), whose function strongly depends on vitamin K. The current narrative review is focused on discussing the role of extrahepatic vitamin K-dependent Gla-proteins (osteocalcin, OC; matrix Gla-protein, MGP; Gla-rich protein, GRP) in cardio-vascular pathology. Gla-proteins possess several functionally active forms whose role in the pathogenesis of VC is still unclear. It is assumed that low circulating non-phosphorylated MGP is an indicator of active calcification and could be a novel biomarker of prevalent VC. High circulating completely inactive MGP is proposed as a novel risk factor for cardio-vascular events, disease progression, mortality, and vitamin K deficiency. The ratio between uncarboxylated (ucOC) and carboxylated (cOC) OC is considered as an indicator of vitamin K status indirectly reflecting arterial calcium. Despite the evidence that OC is an important energy metabolic regulator, its role on global cardio-vascular risk remains unclear. GRP acts as a molecular mediator between inflammation and calcification and may emerge as a novel biomarker playing a key role in these processes. Gla-proteins benefit clinical practice as inhibitors of VC, modifiable by dietary factors.
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title_short	Extrahepatic Vitamin K-Dependent Gla-Proteins–Potential Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
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