The Effects of Mixed Foliar Nutrients of Calcium and Magnesium on the Major Bypass Respiratory Pathways in the Pulp of ‘Feizixiao’ Litchi

During the period of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit pericarp’s full coloring, there is a phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the pulp, and the mixed foliar nutrients of calcium and magnesium (Ca+Mg) can effectively overcome this phenomenon. One of the reasons for this may be that it is related to the influence of the mixed nutrients of Ca+Mg on the bypass respiratory pathways of the pulp. The major fruit quality indicators, the rates of cytochrome and cyanide-resistant respiratory pathways (CP and AP) in the pulp and the activities of their key enzymes, were observed continuously in 2021 and 2022, and the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the two bypass respiratory pathways in the pulp were screened by RNA-seq analysis, with a qPCR of the random genes performed to verify the results. Ca+Mg treatment kept the content of the total soluble sugar in the pulp stable and higher than that the control in the ripening stage; Ca+Mg treatment increased the activities of electron-transferring enzymes in the electron transport chain, such as NADH dehydrogenase (ND), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome bc1 complex, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) through up-regulating their gene expression. In terms of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pulp, Ca+Mg treatment increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase (<i<COX</i<) in the CP pathway by up-regulating the expression of <i<COX</i< genes, then increased the CP respiratory rate and inhibited the CP respiratory rate decrease; meanwhile, it also inhibited the activity of <i<AOX</i< (alternate oxidase) in the pulp in the AP pathway by down-regulating the expression of <i<AOX</i< genes, then inhibited the increase in the AP respiration rate. The qPCR validation of randomly selected DEGs showed a significant unitary linear correlation between their expression levels and the results of the RNA-seq analysis. Therefore, one of the physiological mechanisms on the mixed foliar nutrients of Ca and Mg overcoming the phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the ‘Feizixiao’ litchi pulp could be to promote CP and to inhibit AP, and then to delay the ripening and senescence of the pulp. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Shaopu Shi [verfasserIn] Jingjia Du [verfasserIn] Junjie Peng [verfasserIn] Kaibing Zhou [verfasserIn] Wuqiang Ma [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	sugar withdrawal phenomenon bypass breathing pathway

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Horticulturae - MDPI AG, 2017, 10(2024), 3, p 248
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:10 ; year:2024 ; number:3, p 248

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/horticulturae10030248

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ100497853

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allfields	10.3390/horticulturae10030248 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100497853 (DE-599)DOAJ683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Shaopu Shi verfasserin aut The Effects of Mixed Foliar Nutrients of Calcium and Magnesium on the Major Bypass Respiratory Pathways in the Pulp of ‘Feizixiao’ Litchi 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier During the period of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit pericarp’s full coloring, there is a phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the pulp, and the mixed foliar nutrients of calcium and magnesium (Ca+Mg) can effectively overcome this phenomenon. One of the reasons for this may be that it is related to the influence of the mixed nutrients of Ca+Mg on the bypass respiratory pathways of the pulp. The major fruit quality indicators, the rates of cytochrome and cyanide-resistant respiratory pathways (CP and AP) in the pulp and the activities of their key enzymes, were observed continuously in 2021 and 2022, and the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the two bypass respiratory pathways in the pulp were screened by RNA-seq analysis, with a qPCR of the random genes performed to verify the results. Ca+Mg treatment kept the content of the total soluble sugar in the pulp stable and higher than that the control in the ripening stage; Ca+Mg treatment increased the activities of electron-transferring enzymes in the electron transport chain, such as NADH dehydrogenase (ND), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome bc1 complex, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) through up-regulating their gene expression. In terms of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pulp, Ca+Mg treatment increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase (<i<COX</i<) in the CP pathway by up-regulating the expression of <i<COX</i< genes, then increased the CP respiratory rate and inhibited the CP respiratory rate decrease; meanwhile, it also inhibited the activity of <i<AOX</i< (alternate oxidase) in the pulp in the AP pathway by down-regulating the expression of <i<AOX</i< genes, then inhibited the increase in the AP respiration rate. The qPCR validation of randomly selected DEGs showed a significant unitary linear correlation between their expression levels and the results of the RNA-seq analysis. Therefore, one of the physiological mechanisms on the mixed foliar nutrients of Ca and Mg overcoming the phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the ‘Feizixiao’ litchi pulp could be to promote CP and to inhibit AP, and then to delay the ripening and senescence of the pulp. sugar withdrawal phenomenon bypass breathing pathway Plant culture Jingjia Du verfasserin aut Junjie Peng verfasserin aut Kaibing Zhou verfasserin aut Wuqiang Ma verfasserin aut In Horticulturae MDPI AG, 2017 10(2024), 3, p 248 (DE-627)820684155 (DE-600)2813983-5 23117524 nnns volume:10 year:2024 number:3, p 248 https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030248 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/3/248 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7524 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2024 3, p 248
spelling	10.3390/horticulturae10030248 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100497853 (DE-599)DOAJ683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Shaopu Shi verfasserin aut The Effects of Mixed Foliar Nutrients of Calcium and Magnesium on the Major Bypass Respiratory Pathways in the Pulp of ‘Feizixiao’ Litchi 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier During the period of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit pericarp’s full coloring, there is a phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the pulp, and the mixed foliar nutrients of calcium and magnesium (Ca+Mg) can effectively overcome this phenomenon. One of the reasons for this may be that it is related to the influence of the mixed nutrients of Ca+Mg on the bypass respiratory pathways of the pulp. The major fruit quality indicators, the rates of cytochrome and cyanide-resistant respiratory pathways (CP and AP) in the pulp and the activities of their key enzymes, were observed continuously in 2021 and 2022, and the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the two bypass respiratory pathways in the pulp were screened by RNA-seq analysis, with a qPCR of the random genes performed to verify the results. Ca+Mg treatment kept the content of the total soluble sugar in the pulp stable and higher than that the control in the ripening stage; Ca+Mg treatment increased the activities of electron-transferring enzymes in the electron transport chain, such as NADH dehydrogenase (ND), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome bc1 complex, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) through up-regulating their gene expression. In terms of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pulp, Ca+Mg treatment increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase (<i<COX</i<) in the CP pathway by up-regulating the expression of <i<COX</i< genes, then increased the CP respiratory rate and inhibited the CP respiratory rate decrease; meanwhile, it also inhibited the activity of <i<AOX</i< (alternate oxidase) in the pulp in the AP pathway by down-regulating the expression of <i<AOX</i< genes, then inhibited the increase in the AP respiration rate. The qPCR validation of randomly selected DEGs showed a significant unitary linear correlation between their expression levels and the results of the RNA-seq analysis. Therefore, one of the physiological mechanisms on the mixed foliar nutrients of Ca and Mg overcoming the phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the ‘Feizixiao’ litchi pulp could be to promote CP and to inhibit AP, and then to delay the ripening and senescence of the pulp. sugar withdrawal phenomenon bypass breathing pathway Plant culture Jingjia Du verfasserin aut Junjie Peng verfasserin aut Kaibing Zhou verfasserin aut Wuqiang Ma verfasserin aut In Horticulturae MDPI AG, 2017 10(2024), 3, p 248 (DE-627)820684155 (DE-600)2813983-5 23117524 nnns volume:10 year:2024 number:3, p 248 https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030248 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/3/248 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7524 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2024 3, p 248
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/horticulturae10030248 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100497853 (DE-599)DOAJ683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Shaopu Shi verfasserin aut The Effects of Mixed Foliar Nutrients of Calcium and Magnesium on the Major Bypass Respiratory Pathways in the Pulp of ‘Feizixiao’ Litchi 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier During the period of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit pericarp’s full coloring, there is a phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the pulp, and the mixed foliar nutrients of calcium and magnesium (Ca+Mg) can effectively overcome this phenomenon. One of the reasons for this may be that it is related to the influence of the mixed nutrients of Ca+Mg on the bypass respiratory pathways of the pulp. The major fruit quality indicators, the rates of cytochrome and cyanide-resistant respiratory pathways (CP and AP) in the pulp and the activities of their key enzymes, were observed continuously in 2021 and 2022, and the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the two bypass respiratory pathways in the pulp were screened by RNA-seq analysis, with a qPCR of the random genes performed to verify the results. Ca+Mg treatment kept the content of the total soluble sugar in the pulp stable and higher than that the control in the ripening stage; Ca+Mg treatment increased the activities of electron-transferring enzymes in the electron transport chain, such as NADH dehydrogenase (ND), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome bc1 complex, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) through up-regulating their gene expression. In terms of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pulp, Ca+Mg treatment increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase (<i<COX</i<) in the CP pathway by up-regulating the expression of <i<COX</i< genes, then increased the CP respiratory rate and inhibited the CP respiratory rate decrease; meanwhile, it also inhibited the activity of <i<AOX</i< (alternate oxidase) in the pulp in the AP pathway by down-regulating the expression of <i<AOX</i< genes, then inhibited the increase in the AP respiration rate. The qPCR validation of randomly selected DEGs showed a significant unitary linear correlation between their expression levels and the results of the RNA-seq analysis. Therefore, one of the physiological mechanisms on the mixed foliar nutrients of Ca and Mg overcoming the phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the ‘Feizixiao’ litchi pulp could be to promote CP and to inhibit AP, and then to delay the ripening and senescence of the pulp. sugar withdrawal phenomenon bypass breathing pathway Plant culture Jingjia Du verfasserin aut Junjie Peng verfasserin aut Kaibing Zhou verfasserin aut Wuqiang Ma verfasserin aut In Horticulturae MDPI AG, 2017 10(2024), 3, p 248 (DE-627)820684155 (DE-600)2813983-5 23117524 nnns volume:10 year:2024 number:3, p 248 https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030248 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/3/248 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7524 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2024 3, p 248
allfieldsGer	10.3390/horticulturae10030248 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100497853 (DE-599)DOAJ683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Shaopu Shi verfasserin aut The Effects of Mixed Foliar Nutrients of Calcium and Magnesium on the Major Bypass Respiratory Pathways in the Pulp of ‘Feizixiao’ Litchi 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier During the period of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit pericarp’s full coloring, there is a phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the pulp, and the mixed foliar nutrients of calcium and magnesium (Ca+Mg) can effectively overcome this phenomenon. One of the reasons for this may be that it is related to the influence of the mixed nutrients of Ca+Mg on the bypass respiratory pathways of the pulp. The major fruit quality indicators, the rates of cytochrome and cyanide-resistant respiratory pathways (CP and AP) in the pulp and the activities of their key enzymes, were observed continuously in 2021 and 2022, and the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the two bypass respiratory pathways in the pulp were screened by RNA-seq analysis, with a qPCR of the random genes performed to verify the results. Ca+Mg treatment kept the content of the total soluble sugar in the pulp stable and higher than that the control in the ripening stage; Ca+Mg treatment increased the activities of electron-transferring enzymes in the electron transport chain, such as NADH dehydrogenase (ND), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome bc1 complex, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) through up-regulating their gene expression. In terms of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pulp, Ca+Mg treatment increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase (<i<COX</i<) in the CP pathway by up-regulating the expression of <i<COX</i< genes, then increased the CP respiratory rate and inhibited the CP respiratory rate decrease; meanwhile, it also inhibited the activity of <i<AOX</i< (alternate oxidase) in the pulp in the AP pathway by down-regulating the expression of <i<AOX</i< genes, then inhibited the increase in the AP respiration rate. The qPCR validation of randomly selected DEGs showed a significant unitary linear correlation between their expression levels and the results of the RNA-seq analysis. Therefore, one of the physiological mechanisms on the mixed foliar nutrients of Ca and Mg overcoming the phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the ‘Feizixiao’ litchi pulp could be to promote CP and to inhibit AP, and then to delay the ripening and senescence of the pulp. sugar withdrawal phenomenon bypass breathing pathway Plant culture Jingjia Du verfasserin aut Junjie Peng verfasserin aut Kaibing Zhou verfasserin aut Wuqiang Ma verfasserin aut In Horticulturae MDPI AG, 2017 10(2024), 3, p 248 (DE-627)820684155 (DE-600)2813983-5 23117524 nnns volume:10 year:2024 number:3, p 248 https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030248 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/3/248 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7524 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2024 3, p 248
allfieldsSound	10.3390/horticulturae10030248 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100497853 (DE-599)DOAJ683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Shaopu Shi verfasserin aut The Effects of Mixed Foliar Nutrients of Calcium and Magnesium on the Major Bypass Respiratory Pathways in the Pulp of ‘Feizixiao’ Litchi 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier During the period of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit pericarp’s full coloring, there is a phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the pulp, and the mixed foliar nutrients of calcium and magnesium (Ca+Mg) can effectively overcome this phenomenon. One of the reasons for this may be that it is related to the influence of the mixed nutrients of Ca+Mg on the bypass respiratory pathways of the pulp. The major fruit quality indicators, the rates of cytochrome and cyanide-resistant respiratory pathways (CP and AP) in the pulp and the activities of their key enzymes, were observed continuously in 2021 and 2022, and the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the two bypass respiratory pathways in the pulp were screened by RNA-seq analysis, with a qPCR of the random genes performed to verify the results. Ca+Mg treatment kept the content of the total soluble sugar in the pulp stable and higher than that the control in the ripening stage; Ca+Mg treatment increased the activities of electron-transferring enzymes in the electron transport chain, such as NADH dehydrogenase (ND), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome bc1 complex, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) through up-regulating their gene expression. In terms of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pulp, Ca+Mg treatment increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase (<i<COX</i<) in the CP pathway by up-regulating the expression of <i<COX</i< genes, then increased the CP respiratory rate and inhibited the CP respiratory rate decrease; meanwhile, it also inhibited the activity of <i<AOX</i< (alternate oxidase) in the pulp in the AP pathway by down-regulating the expression of <i<AOX</i< genes, then inhibited the increase in the AP respiration rate. The qPCR validation of randomly selected DEGs showed a significant unitary linear correlation between their expression levels and the results of the RNA-seq analysis. Therefore, one of the physiological mechanisms on the mixed foliar nutrients of Ca and Mg overcoming the phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the ‘Feizixiao’ litchi pulp could be to promote CP and to inhibit AP, and then to delay the ripening and senescence of the pulp. sugar withdrawal phenomenon bypass breathing pathway Plant culture Jingjia Du verfasserin aut Junjie Peng verfasserin aut Kaibing Zhou verfasserin aut Wuqiang Ma verfasserin aut In Horticulturae MDPI AG, 2017 10(2024), 3, p 248 (DE-627)820684155 (DE-600)2813983-5 23117524 nnns volume:10 year:2024 number:3, p 248 https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030248 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/3/248 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7524 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2024 3, p 248
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title_auth	The Effects of Mixed Foliar Nutrients of Calcium and Magnesium on the Major Bypass Respiratory Pathways in the Pulp of ‘Feizixiao’ Litchi
abstract	During the period of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit pericarp’s full coloring, there is a phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the pulp, and the mixed foliar nutrients of calcium and magnesium (Ca+Mg) can effectively overcome this phenomenon. One of the reasons for this may be that it is related to the influence of the mixed nutrients of Ca+Mg on the bypass respiratory pathways of the pulp. The major fruit quality indicators, the rates of cytochrome and cyanide-resistant respiratory pathways (CP and AP) in the pulp and the activities of their key enzymes, were observed continuously in 2021 and 2022, and the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the two bypass respiratory pathways in the pulp were screened by RNA-seq analysis, with a qPCR of the random genes performed to verify the results. Ca+Mg treatment kept the content of the total soluble sugar in the pulp stable and higher than that the control in the ripening stage; Ca+Mg treatment increased the activities of electron-transferring enzymes in the electron transport chain, such as NADH dehydrogenase (ND), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome bc1 complex, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) through up-regulating their gene expression. In terms of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pulp, Ca+Mg treatment increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase (<i<COX</i<) in the CP pathway by up-regulating the expression of <i<COX</i< genes, then increased the CP respiratory rate and inhibited the CP respiratory rate decrease; meanwhile, it also inhibited the activity of <i<AOX</i< (alternate oxidase) in the pulp in the AP pathway by down-regulating the expression of <i<AOX</i< genes, then inhibited the increase in the AP respiration rate. The qPCR validation of randomly selected DEGs showed a significant unitary linear correlation between their expression levels and the results of the RNA-seq analysis. Therefore, one of the physiological mechanisms on the mixed foliar nutrients of Ca and Mg overcoming the phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the ‘Feizixiao’ litchi pulp could be to promote CP and to inhibit AP, and then to delay the ripening and senescence of the pulp.
abstractGer	During the period of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit pericarp’s full coloring, there is a phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the pulp, and the mixed foliar nutrients of calcium and magnesium (Ca+Mg) can effectively overcome this phenomenon. One of the reasons for this may be that it is related to the influence of the mixed nutrients of Ca+Mg on the bypass respiratory pathways of the pulp. The major fruit quality indicators, the rates of cytochrome and cyanide-resistant respiratory pathways (CP and AP) in the pulp and the activities of their key enzymes, were observed continuously in 2021 and 2022, and the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the two bypass respiratory pathways in the pulp were screened by RNA-seq analysis, with a qPCR of the random genes performed to verify the results. Ca+Mg treatment kept the content of the total soluble sugar in the pulp stable and higher than that the control in the ripening stage; Ca+Mg treatment increased the activities of electron-transferring enzymes in the electron transport chain, such as NADH dehydrogenase (ND), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome bc1 complex, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) through up-regulating their gene expression. In terms of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pulp, Ca+Mg treatment increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase (<i<COX</i<) in the CP pathway by up-regulating the expression of <i<COX</i< genes, then increased the CP respiratory rate and inhibited the CP respiratory rate decrease; meanwhile, it also inhibited the activity of <i<AOX</i< (alternate oxidase) in the pulp in the AP pathway by down-regulating the expression of <i<AOX</i< genes, then inhibited the increase in the AP respiration rate. The qPCR validation of randomly selected DEGs showed a significant unitary linear correlation between their expression levels and the results of the RNA-seq analysis. Therefore, one of the physiological mechanisms on the mixed foliar nutrients of Ca and Mg overcoming the phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the ‘Feizixiao’ litchi pulp could be to promote CP and to inhibit AP, and then to delay the ripening and senescence of the pulp.
abstract_unstemmed	During the period of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit pericarp’s full coloring, there is a phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the pulp, and the mixed foliar nutrients of calcium and magnesium (Ca+Mg) can effectively overcome this phenomenon. One of the reasons for this may be that it is related to the influence of the mixed nutrients of Ca+Mg on the bypass respiratory pathways of the pulp. The major fruit quality indicators, the rates of cytochrome and cyanide-resistant respiratory pathways (CP and AP) in the pulp and the activities of their key enzymes, were observed continuously in 2021 and 2022, and the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the two bypass respiratory pathways in the pulp were screened by RNA-seq analysis, with a qPCR of the random genes performed to verify the results. Ca+Mg treatment kept the content of the total soluble sugar in the pulp stable and higher than that the control in the ripening stage; Ca+Mg treatment increased the activities of electron-transferring enzymes in the electron transport chain, such as NADH dehydrogenase (ND), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome bc1 complex, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) through up-regulating their gene expression. In terms of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pulp, Ca+Mg treatment increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase (<i<COX</i<) in the CP pathway by up-regulating the expression of <i<COX</i< genes, then increased the CP respiratory rate and inhibited the CP respiratory rate decrease; meanwhile, it also inhibited the activity of <i<AOX</i< (alternate oxidase) in the pulp in the AP pathway by down-regulating the expression of <i<AOX</i< genes, then inhibited the increase in the AP respiration rate. The qPCR validation of randomly selected DEGs showed a significant unitary linear correlation between their expression levels and the results of the RNA-seq analysis. Therefore, one of the physiological mechanisms on the mixed foliar nutrients of Ca and Mg overcoming the phenomenon of “sugar withdrawal” in the ‘Feizixiao’ litchi pulp could be to promote CP and to inhibit AP, and then to delay the ripening and senescence of the pulp.
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container_issue	3, p 248
title_short	The Effects of Mixed Foliar Nutrients of Calcium and Magnesium on the Major Bypass Respiratory Pathways in the Pulp of ‘Feizixiao’ Litchi
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030248 https://doaj.org/article/683267899e58401f9a16e8bc8a669eb2 https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/3/248 https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7524
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author2	Jingjia Du Junjie Peng Kaibing Zhou Wuqiang Ma
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up_date	2024-07-03T15:02:24.377Z
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The Effects of Mixed Foliar Nutrients of Calcium and Magnesium on the Major Bypass Respiratory Pathways in the Pulp of ‘Feizixiao’ Litchi

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