An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Zambia’s adult HIV prevalence is high at 11% and faces challenges in achieving UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for HIV, with a national viral load suppression of 86.2% falling short of the required 95%. North-Western Province has the lowest viral load suppression at 77.5%. Our study investigated the role of...
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Autor*in:	Doreen Mainza Shempela [verfasserIn] Jay Sikalima [verfasserIn] Jim Mwandia [verfasserIn] Ernest Mwila [verfasserIn] Rodgers Chilyabanyama [verfasserIn] Mike Masona [verfasserIn] Cynthia Banda Kasonde [verfasserIn] Andrew Mwandila [verfasserIn] Hector Kamalamba [verfasserIn] Maisa Kasanga [verfasserIn] Imukusi Mutanekelwa [verfasserIn] Steward Mudenda [verfasserIn] Franco Jordan Kandama [verfasserIn] Fatim Cham [verfasserIn] Michael Njuguna [verfasserIn] Paul McCarrick [verfasserIn] Linden Morrison [verfasserIn] Victor Daka [verfasserIn] Karen Sichinga [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	HIV viral load coverage turnaround time sample referral system Zambia

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Healthcare - MDPI AG, 2013, 12(2024), 6, p 618
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2024 ; number:6, p 618

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/healthcare12060618

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ100500145

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allfields	10.3390/healthcare12060618 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100500145 (DE-599)DOAJ5d486d89c2d542968fb741cc94c62c88 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Doreen Mainza Shempela verfasserin aut An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Zambia’s adult HIV prevalence is high at 11% and faces challenges in achieving UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for HIV, with a national viral load suppression of 86.2% falling short of the required 95%. North-Western Province has the lowest viral load suppression at 77.5%. Our study investigated the role of an integrated sample referral system in optimizing HIV viral load coverage and Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time in the province. Using electronic data from the DISA Laboratory Information System and Smartcare, a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, involving 160,922 viral load and Early Infant Diagnosis results. The chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used for analysis. Following the implementation of the integrated sample referral system, viral load coverage consistently increased monthly (<i<p</i< < 0.001), Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time improved by 47.7%, and sample volume increased by 25%. The study identifies associations between various factors and testing outcomes. These findings demonstrate improvements in viral load coverage and the Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time and suggest targeting modifiable factors to further optimize the referral system. We recommend continued strengthening of the referral system and more deliberate demand-creation implementation strategies. HIV viral load coverage turnaround time sample referral system Zambia Medicine R Jay Sikalima verfasserin aut Jim Mwandia verfasserin aut Ernest Mwila verfasserin aut Rodgers Chilyabanyama verfasserin aut Mike Masona verfasserin aut Cynthia Banda Kasonde verfasserin aut Andrew Mwandila verfasserin aut Hector Kamalamba verfasserin aut Maisa Kasanga verfasserin aut Imukusi Mutanekelwa verfasserin aut Steward Mudenda verfasserin aut Franco Jordan Kandama verfasserin aut Fatim Cham verfasserin aut Michael Njuguna verfasserin aut Paul McCarrick verfasserin aut Linden Morrison verfasserin aut Victor Daka verfasserin aut Karen Sichinga verfasserin aut In Healthcare MDPI AG, 2013 12(2024), 6, p 618 (DE-627)750371544 (DE-600)2721009-1 22279032 nnns volume:12 year:2024 number:6, p 618 https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12060618 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5d486d89c2d542968fb741cc94c62c88 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/6/618 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9032 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2024 6, p 618
spelling	10.3390/healthcare12060618 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100500145 (DE-599)DOAJ5d486d89c2d542968fb741cc94c62c88 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Doreen Mainza Shempela verfasserin aut An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Zambia’s adult HIV prevalence is high at 11% and faces challenges in achieving UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for HIV, with a national viral load suppression of 86.2% falling short of the required 95%. North-Western Province has the lowest viral load suppression at 77.5%. Our study investigated the role of an integrated sample referral system in optimizing HIV viral load coverage and Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time in the province. Using electronic data from the DISA Laboratory Information System and Smartcare, a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, involving 160,922 viral load and Early Infant Diagnosis results. The chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used for analysis. Following the implementation of the integrated sample referral system, viral load coverage consistently increased monthly (<i<p</i< < 0.001), Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time improved by 47.7%, and sample volume increased by 25%. The study identifies associations between various factors and testing outcomes. These findings demonstrate improvements in viral load coverage and the Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time and suggest targeting modifiable factors to further optimize the referral system. We recommend continued strengthening of the referral system and more deliberate demand-creation implementation strategies. HIV viral load coverage turnaround time sample referral system Zambia Medicine R Jay Sikalima verfasserin aut Jim Mwandia verfasserin aut Ernest Mwila verfasserin aut Rodgers Chilyabanyama verfasserin aut Mike Masona verfasserin aut Cynthia Banda Kasonde verfasserin aut Andrew Mwandila verfasserin aut Hector Kamalamba verfasserin aut Maisa Kasanga verfasserin aut Imukusi Mutanekelwa verfasserin aut Steward Mudenda verfasserin aut Franco Jordan Kandama verfasserin aut Fatim Cham verfasserin aut Michael Njuguna verfasserin aut Paul McCarrick verfasserin aut Linden Morrison verfasserin aut Victor Daka verfasserin aut Karen Sichinga verfasserin aut In Healthcare MDPI AG, 2013 12(2024), 6, p 618 (DE-627)750371544 (DE-600)2721009-1 22279032 nnns volume:12 year:2024 number:6, p 618 https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12060618 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5d486d89c2d542968fb741cc94c62c88 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/6/618 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9032 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2024 6, p 618
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allfieldsSound	10.3390/healthcare12060618 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100500145 (DE-599)DOAJ5d486d89c2d542968fb741cc94c62c88 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Doreen Mainza Shempela verfasserin aut An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Zambia’s adult HIV prevalence is high at 11% and faces challenges in achieving UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for HIV, with a national viral load suppression of 86.2% falling short of the required 95%. North-Western Province has the lowest viral load suppression at 77.5%. Our study investigated the role of an integrated sample referral system in optimizing HIV viral load coverage and Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time in the province. Using electronic data from the DISA Laboratory Information System and Smartcare, a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, involving 160,922 viral load and Early Infant Diagnosis results. The chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used for analysis. Following the implementation of the integrated sample referral system, viral load coverage consistently increased monthly (<i<p</i< < 0.001), Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time improved by 47.7%, and sample volume increased by 25%. The study identifies associations between various factors and testing outcomes. These findings demonstrate improvements in viral load coverage and the Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time and suggest targeting modifiable factors to further optimize the referral system. We recommend continued strengthening of the referral system and more deliberate demand-creation implementation strategies. HIV viral load coverage turnaround time sample referral system Zambia Medicine R Jay Sikalima verfasserin aut Jim Mwandia verfasserin aut Ernest Mwila verfasserin aut Rodgers Chilyabanyama verfasserin aut Mike Masona verfasserin aut Cynthia Banda Kasonde verfasserin aut Andrew Mwandila verfasserin aut Hector Kamalamba verfasserin aut Maisa Kasanga verfasserin aut Imukusi Mutanekelwa verfasserin aut Steward Mudenda verfasserin aut Franco Jordan Kandama verfasserin aut Fatim Cham verfasserin aut Michael Njuguna verfasserin aut Paul McCarrick verfasserin aut Linden Morrison verfasserin aut Victor Daka verfasserin aut Karen Sichinga verfasserin aut In Healthcare MDPI AG, 2013 12(2024), 6, p 618 (DE-627)750371544 (DE-600)2721009-1 22279032 nnns volume:12 year:2024 number:6, p 618 https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12060618 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5d486d89c2d542968fb741cc94c62c88 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/6/618 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9032 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2024 6, p 618
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author	Doreen Mainza Shempela
spellingShingle	Doreen Mainza Shempela misc HIV viral load misc coverage misc turnaround time misc sample referral system misc Zambia misc Medicine misc R An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
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topic_title	An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study HIV viral load coverage turnaround time sample referral system Zambia
topic	misc HIV viral load misc coverage misc turnaround time misc sample referral system misc Zambia misc Medicine misc R
topic_unstemmed	misc HIV viral load misc coverage misc turnaround time misc sample referral system misc Zambia misc Medicine misc R
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title	An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
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title_full	An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
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title_sort	integrated sample referral system for hiv viral load and early infant diagnosis in north-western province, zambia—a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_auth	An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
abstract	Zambia’s adult HIV prevalence is high at 11% and faces challenges in achieving UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for HIV, with a national viral load suppression of 86.2% falling short of the required 95%. North-Western Province has the lowest viral load suppression at 77.5%. Our study investigated the role of an integrated sample referral system in optimizing HIV viral load coverage and Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time in the province. Using electronic data from the DISA Laboratory Information System and Smartcare, a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, involving 160,922 viral load and Early Infant Diagnosis results. The chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used for analysis. Following the implementation of the integrated sample referral system, viral load coverage consistently increased monthly (<i<p</i< < 0.001), Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time improved by 47.7%, and sample volume increased by 25%. The study identifies associations between various factors and testing outcomes. These findings demonstrate improvements in viral load coverage and the Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time and suggest targeting modifiable factors to further optimize the referral system. We recommend continued strengthening of the referral system and more deliberate demand-creation implementation strategies.
abstractGer	Zambia’s adult HIV prevalence is high at 11% and faces challenges in achieving UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for HIV, with a national viral load suppression of 86.2% falling short of the required 95%. North-Western Province has the lowest viral load suppression at 77.5%. Our study investigated the role of an integrated sample referral system in optimizing HIV viral load coverage and Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time in the province. Using electronic data from the DISA Laboratory Information System and Smartcare, a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, involving 160,922 viral load and Early Infant Diagnosis results. The chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used for analysis. Following the implementation of the integrated sample referral system, viral load coverage consistently increased monthly (<i<p</i< < 0.001), Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time improved by 47.7%, and sample volume increased by 25%. The study identifies associations between various factors and testing outcomes. These findings demonstrate improvements in viral load coverage and the Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time and suggest targeting modifiable factors to further optimize the referral system. We recommend continued strengthening of the referral system and more deliberate demand-creation implementation strategies.
abstract_unstemmed	Zambia’s adult HIV prevalence is high at 11% and faces challenges in achieving UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for HIV, with a national viral load suppression of 86.2% falling short of the required 95%. North-Western Province has the lowest viral load suppression at 77.5%. Our study investigated the role of an integrated sample referral system in optimizing HIV viral load coverage and Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time in the province. Using electronic data from the DISA Laboratory Information System and Smartcare, a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, involving 160,922 viral load and Early Infant Diagnosis results. The chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used for analysis. Following the implementation of the integrated sample referral system, viral load coverage consistently increased monthly (<i<p</i< < 0.001), Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time improved by 47.7%, and sample volume increased by 25%. The study identifies associations between various factors and testing outcomes. These findings demonstrate improvements in viral load coverage and the Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time and suggest targeting modifiable factors to further optimize the referral system. We recommend continued strengthening of the referral system and more deliberate demand-creation implementation strategies.
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title_short	An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
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North-Western Province has the lowest viral load suppression at 77.5%. Our study investigated the role of an integrated sample referral system in optimizing HIV viral load coverage and Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time in the province. Using electronic data from the DISA Laboratory Information System and Smartcare, a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, involving 160,922 viral load and Early Infant Diagnosis results. The chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used for analysis. Following the implementation of the integrated sample referral system, viral load coverage consistently increased monthly (<i<p</i< < 0.001), Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time improved by 47.7%, and sample volume increased by 25%. The study identifies associations between various factors and testing outcomes. These findings demonstrate improvements in viral load coverage and the Early Infant Diagnosis turnaround time and suggest targeting modifiable factors to further optimize the referral system. 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An Integrated Sample Referral System for HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis in North-Western Province, Zambia—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

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