Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study

Background: The lack of resources limits the treatment of craniomaxillofacial fractures (CMF) in low-income countries (LIC). Therefore, Barton bandages and/or interdental wiring are considered in these regions. Fracture reduction is maintained by permanent occlusion for 6 weeks, which often leads to...
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Autor*in:	Florian Wichlas [verfasserIn] Marco Necchi [verfasserIn] Teresa Gruber [verfasserIn] Valeska Hofmann [verfasserIn] Susanne Deininger [verfasserIn] Sebastian Hubertus Markus Deininger [verfasserIn] Amelie Deluca [verfasserIn] Eva Steidle-Kloc [verfasserIn] Jan Pruszak [verfasserIn] Jörn Wittig [verfasserIn] Christian Deininger [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	biomechanical evaluation craniomaxillofacial fracture CT scan external fixator feasibility study on the cadaver low-income countries

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Bioengineering - MDPI AG, 2014, 11(2024), 3, p 279
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2024 ; number:3, p 279

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/bioengineering11030279

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ100550118

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spelling	10.3390/bioengineering11030279 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100550118 (DE-599)DOAJ5fa7ba37c3e946da95e36d5c10eac3af DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Florian Wichlas verfasserin aut Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: The lack of resources limits the treatment of craniomaxillofacial fractures (CMF) in low-income countries (LIC). Therefore, Barton bandages and/or interdental wiring are considered in these regions. Fracture reduction is maintained by permanent occlusion for 6 weeks, which often leads to limited compliance and dissatisfying results. The aim of this cadaver-based study is to evaluate the feasibility of the use of an external face fixator (EFF) for the treatment of CMF, its biomechanical values and to define the optimal pin insertion points and angles. Materials and Methods: An AO hand fixator was used. CMF of types Le Fort 1–3 with split fractures of the hard palate were treated with EFF on 13 anatomical specimens. Fractures were created using a chisel, and pins were placed in specific anatomical regions. The maximal pull-out force [N] of pins was analysed by a tensile force gauge, and Fmax of the mandibular pins was evaluated. Computer tomography scans were performed on the healthy, fractured and EFF-treated skulls. Results: The pull-out forces for the single pins were mandibular pins (n = 15, median 488.0 N), supraorbital pins (n = 15, median 455.0 N), zygomatic pins (n = 14, median 269.1 N), medial hard palate pins (n = 12, median 208.4 N) and lateral hard palate pins (n = 8, median 49.6 N). Conclusions: The results indicate that the operation technique is feasible, and the stability of the EFF is sufficient for maintaining the reduction. The required pins can safely be inserted into the described areas with good reduction results. Using EFF offers a feasible alternative to the non-surgical treatment of CMF in LIC. biomechanical evaluation craniomaxillofacial fracture CT scan external fixator feasibility study on the cadaver low-income countries Technology T Biology (General) Marco Necchi verfasserin aut Teresa Gruber verfasserin aut Valeska Hofmann verfasserin aut Susanne Deininger verfasserin aut Sebastian Hubertus Markus Deininger verfasserin aut Amelie Deluca verfasserin aut Eva Steidle-Kloc verfasserin aut Jan Pruszak verfasserin aut Jörn Wittig verfasserin aut Christian Deininger verfasserin aut In Bioengineering MDPI AG, 2014 11(2024), 3, p 279 (DE-627)774814020 (DE-600)2746191-9 23065354 nnns volume:11 year:2024 number:3, p 279 https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11030279 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5fa7ba37c3e946da95e36d5c10eac3af kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/3/279 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2306-5354 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2024 3, p 279
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/bioengineering11030279 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100550118 (DE-599)DOAJ5fa7ba37c3e946da95e36d5c10eac3af DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Florian Wichlas verfasserin aut Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: The lack of resources limits the treatment of craniomaxillofacial fractures (CMF) in low-income countries (LIC). Therefore, Barton bandages and/or interdental wiring are considered in these regions. Fracture reduction is maintained by permanent occlusion for 6 weeks, which often leads to limited compliance and dissatisfying results. The aim of this cadaver-based study is to evaluate the feasibility of the use of an external face fixator (EFF) for the treatment of CMF, its biomechanical values and to define the optimal pin insertion points and angles. Materials and Methods: An AO hand fixator was used. CMF of types Le Fort 1–3 with split fractures of the hard palate were treated with EFF on 13 anatomical specimens. Fractures were created using a chisel, and pins were placed in specific anatomical regions. The maximal pull-out force [N] of pins was analysed by a tensile force gauge, and Fmax of the mandibular pins was evaluated. Computer tomography scans were performed on the healthy, fractured and EFF-treated skulls. Results: The pull-out forces for the single pins were mandibular pins (n = 15, median 488.0 N), supraorbital pins (n = 15, median 455.0 N), zygomatic pins (n = 14, median 269.1 N), medial hard palate pins (n = 12, median 208.4 N) and lateral hard palate pins (n = 8, median 49.6 N). Conclusions: The results indicate that the operation technique is feasible, and the stability of the EFF is sufficient for maintaining the reduction. The required pins can safely be inserted into the described areas with good reduction results. Using EFF offers a feasible alternative to the non-surgical treatment of CMF in LIC. biomechanical evaluation craniomaxillofacial fracture CT scan external fixator feasibility study on the cadaver low-income countries Technology T Biology (General) Marco Necchi verfasserin aut Teresa Gruber verfasserin aut Valeska Hofmann verfasserin aut Susanne Deininger verfasserin aut Sebastian Hubertus Markus Deininger verfasserin aut Amelie Deluca verfasserin aut Eva Steidle-Kloc verfasserin aut Jan Pruszak verfasserin aut Jörn Wittig verfasserin aut Christian Deininger verfasserin aut In Bioengineering MDPI AG, 2014 11(2024), 3, p 279 (DE-627)774814020 (DE-600)2746191-9 23065354 nnns volume:11 year:2024 number:3, p 279 https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11030279 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5fa7ba37c3e946da95e36d5c10eac3af kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/3/279 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2306-5354 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2024 3, p 279
allfieldsGer	10.3390/bioengineering11030279 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100550118 (DE-599)DOAJ5fa7ba37c3e946da95e36d5c10eac3af DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Florian Wichlas verfasserin aut Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: The lack of resources limits the treatment of craniomaxillofacial fractures (CMF) in low-income countries (LIC). Therefore, Barton bandages and/or interdental wiring are considered in these regions. Fracture reduction is maintained by permanent occlusion for 6 weeks, which often leads to limited compliance and dissatisfying results. The aim of this cadaver-based study is to evaluate the feasibility of the use of an external face fixator (EFF) for the treatment of CMF, its biomechanical values and to define the optimal pin insertion points and angles. Materials and Methods: An AO hand fixator was used. CMF of types Le Fort 1–3 with split fractures of the hard palate were treated with EFF on 13 anatomical specimens. Fractures were created using a chisel, and pins were placed in specific anatomical regions. The maximal pull-out force [N] of pins was analysed by a tensile force gauge, and Fmax of the mandibular pins was evaluated. Computer tomography scans were performed on the healthy, fractured and EFF-treated skulls. Results: The pull-out forces for the single pins were mandibular pins (n = 15, median 488.0 N), supraorbital pins (n = 15, median 455.0 N), zygomatic pins (n = 14, median 269.1 N), medial hard palate pins (n = 12, median 208.4 N) and lateral hard palate pins (n = 8, median 49.6 N). Conclusions: The results indicate that the operation technique is feasible, and the stability of the EFF is sufficient for maintaining the reduction. The required pins can safely be inserted into the described areas with good reduction results. Using EFF offers a feasible alternative to the non-surgical treatment of CMF in LIC. biomechanical evaluation craniomaxillofacial fracture CT scan external fixator feasibility study on the cadaver low-income countries Technology T Biology (General) Marco Necchi verfasserin aut Teresa Gruber verfasserin aut Valeska Hofmann verfasserin aut Susanne Deininger verfasserin aut Sebastian Hubertus Markus Deininger verfasserin aut Amelie Deluca verfasserin aut Eva Steidle-Kloc verfasserin aut Jan Pruszak verfasserin aut Jörn Wittig verfasserin aut Christian Deininger verfasserin aut In Bioengineering MDPI AG, 2014 11(2024), 3, p 279 (DE-627)774814020 (DE-600)2746191-9 23065354 nnns volume:11 year:2024 number:3, p 279 https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11030279 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5fa7ba37c3e946da95e36d5c10eac3af kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/3/279 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2306-5354 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2024 3, p 279
allfieldsSound	10.3390/bioengineering11030279 doi (DE-627)DOAJ100550118 (DE-599)DOAJ5fa7ba37c3e946da95e36d5c10eac3af DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Florian Wichlas verfasserin aut Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: The lack of resources limits the treatment of craniomaxillofacial fractures (CMF) in low-income countries (LIC). Therefore, Barton bandages and/or interdental wiring are considered in these regions. Fracture reduction is maintained by permanent occlusion for 6 weeks, which often leads to limited compliance and dissatisfying results. The aim of this cadaver-based study is to evaluate the feasibility of the use of an external face fixator (EFF) for the treatment of CMF, its biomechanical values and to define the optimal pin insertion points and angles. Materials and Methods: An AO hand fixator was used. CMF of types Le Fort 1–3 with split fractures of the hard palate were treated with EFF on 13 anatomical specimens. Fractures were created using a chisel, and pins were placed in specific anatomical regions. The maximal pull-out force [N] of pins was analysed by a tensile force gauge, and Fmax of the mandibular pins was evaluated. Computer tomography scans were performed on the healthy, fractured and EFF-treated skulls. Results: The pull-out forces for the single pins were mandibular pins (n = 15, median 488.0 N), supraorbital pins (n = 15, median 455.0 N), zygomatic pins (n = 14, median 269.1 N), medial hard palate pins (n = 12, median 208.4 N) and lateral hard palate pins (n = 8, median 49.6 N). Conclusions: The results indicate that the operation technique is feasible, and the stability of the EFF is sufficient for maintaining the reduction. The required pins can safely be inserted into the described areas with good reduction results. Using EFF offers a feasible alternative to the non-surgical treatment of CMF in LIC. biomechanical evaluation craniomaxillofacial fracture CT scan external fixator feasibility study on the cadaver low-income countries Technology T Biology (General) Marco Necchi verfasserin aut Teresa Gruber verfasserin aut Valeska Hofmann verfasserin aut Susanne Deininger verfasserin aut Sebastian Hubertus Markus Deininger verfasserin aut Amelie Deluca verfasserin aut Eva Steidle-Kloc verfasserin aut Jan Pruszak verfasserin aut Jörn Wittig verfasserin aut Christian Deininger verfasserin aut In Bioengineering MDPI AG, 2014 11(2024), 3, p 279 (DE-627)774814020 (DE-600)2746191-9 23065354 nnns volume:11 year:2024 number:3, p 279 https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11030279 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5fa7ba37c3e946da95e36d5c10eac3af kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/3/279 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2306-5354 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2024 3, p 279
language	English
source	In Bioengineering 11(2024), 3, p 279 volume:11 year:2024 number:3, p 279
sourceStr	In Bioengineering 11(2024), 3, p 279 volume:11 year:2024 number:3, p 279
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	biomechanical evaluation craniomaxillofacial fracture CT scan external fixator feasibility study on the cadaver low-income countries Technology T Biology (General)
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Bioengineering
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Florian Wichlas @@aut@@ Marco Necchi @@aut@@ Teresa Gruber @@aut@@ Valeska Hofmann @@aut@@ Susanne Deininger @@aut@@ Sebastian Hubertus Markus Deininger @@aut@@ Amelie Deluca @@aut@@ Eva Steidle-Kloc @@aut@@ Jan Pruszak @@aut@@ Jörn Wittig @@aut@@ Christian Deininger @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	774814020
id	DOAJ100550118
language_de	englisch
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Florian Wichlas
spellingShingle	Florian Wichlas misc QH301-705.5 misc biomechanical evaluation misc craniomaxillofacial fracture misc CT scan misc external fixator misc feasibility study on the cadaver misc low-income countries misc Technology misc T misc Biology (General) Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study biomechanical evaluation craniomaxillofacial fracture CT scan external fixator feasibility study on the cadaver low-income countries
topic	misc QH301-705.5 misc biomechanical evaluation misc craniomaxillofacial fracture misc CT scan misc external fixator misc feasibility study on the cadaver misc low-income countries misc Technology misc T misc Biology (General)
topic_unstemmed	misc QH301-705.5 misc biomechanical evaluation misc craniomaxillofacial fracture misc CT scan misc external fixator misc feasibility study on the cadaver misc low-income countries misc Technology misc T misc Biology (General)
topic_browse	misc QH301-705.5 misc biomechanical evaluation misc craniomaxillofacial fracture misc CT scan misc external fixator misc feasibility study on the cadaver misc low-income countries misc Technology misc T misc Biology (General)
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title	Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study
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title_full	Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study
author_sort	Florian Wichlas
journal	Bioengineering
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author_browse	Florian Wichlas Marco Necchi Teresa Gruber Valeska Hofmann Susanne Deininger Sebastian Hubertus Markus Deininger Amelie Deluca Eva Steidle-Kloc Jan Pruszak Jörn Wittig Christian Deininger
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author-letter	Florian Wichlas
doi_str_mv	10.3390/bioengineering11030279
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title_sort	off-label use of an external hand fixator for craniomaxillofacial fractures—an anatomical feasibility study
callnumber	QH301-705.5
title_auth	Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study
abstract	Background: The lack of resources limits the treatment of craniomaxillofacial fractures (CMF) in low-income countries (LIC). Therefore, Barton bandages and/or interdental wiring are considered in these regions. Fracture reduction is maintained by permanent occlusion for 6 weeks, which often leads to limited compliance and dissatisfying results. The aim of this cadaver-based study is to evaluate the feasibility of the use of an external face fixator (EFF) for the treatment of CMF, its biomechanical values and to define the optimal pin insertion points and angles. Materials and Methods: An AO hand fixator was used. CMF of types Le Fort 1–3 with split fractures of the hard palate were treated with EFF on 13 anatomical specimens. Fractures were created using a chisel, and pins were placed in specific anatomical regions. The maximal pull-out force [N] of pins was analysed by a tensile force gauge, and Fmax of the mandibular pins was evaluated. Computer tomography scans were performed on the healthy, fractured and EFF-treated skulls. Results: The pull-out forces for the single pins were mandibular pins (n = 15, median 488.0 N), supraorbital pins (n = 15, median 455.0 N), zygomatic pins (n = 14, median 269.1 N), medial hard palate pins (n = 12, median 208.4 N) and lateral hard palate pins (n = 8, median 49.6 N). Conclusions: The results indicate that the operation technique is feasible, and the stability of the EFF is sufficient for maintaining the reduction. The required pins can safely be inserted into the described areas with good reduction results. Using EFF offers a feasible alternative to the non-surgical treatment of CMF in LIC.
abstractGer	Background: The lack of resources limits the treatment of craniomaxillofacial fractures (CMF) in low-income countries (LIC). Therefore, Barton bandages and/or interdental wiring are considered in these regions. Fracture reduction is maintained by permanent occlusion for 6 weeks, which often leads to limited compliance and dissatisfying results. The aim of this cadaver-based study is to evaluate the feasibility of the use of an external face fixator (EFF) for the treatment of CMF, its biomechanical values and to define the optimal pin insertion points and angles. Materials and Methods: An AO hand fixator was used. CMF of types Le Fort 1–3 with split fractures of the hard palate were treated with EFF on 13 anatomical specimens. Fractures were created using a chisel, and pins were placed in specific anatomical regions. The maximal pull-out force [N] of pins was analysed by a tensile force gauge, and Fmax of the mandibular pins was evaluated. Computer tomography scans were performed on the healthy, fractured and EFF-treated skulls. Results: The pull-out forces for the single pins were mandibular pins (n = 15, median 488.0 N), supraorbital pins (n = 15, median 455.0 N), zygomatic pins (n = 14, median 269.1 N), medial hard palate pins (n = 12, median 208.4 N) and lateral hard palate pins (n = 8, median 49.6 N). Conclusions: The results indicate that the operation technique is feasible, and the stability of the EFF is sufficient for maintaining the reduction. The required pins can safely be inserted into the described areas with good reduction results. Using EFF offers a feasible alternative to the non-surgical treatment of CMF in LIC.
abstract_unstemmed	Background: The lack of resources limits the treatment of craniomaxillofacial fractures (CMF) in low-income countries (LIC). Therefore, Barton bandages and/or interdental wiring are considered in these regions. Fracture reduction is maintained by permanent occlusion for 6 weeks, which often leads to limited compliance and dissatisfying results. The aim of this cadaver-based study is to evaluate the feasibility of the use of an external face fixator (EFF) for the treatment of CMF, its biomechanical values and to define the optimal pin insertion points and angles. Materials and Methods: An AO hand fixator was used. CMF of types Le Fort 1–3 with split fractures of the hard palate were treated with EFF on 13 anatomical specimens. Fractures were created using a chisel, and pins were placed in specific anatomical regions. The maximal pull-out force [N] of pins was analysed by a tensile force gauge, and Fmax of the mandibular pins was evaluated. Computer tomography scans were performed on the healthy, fractured and EFF-treated skulls. Results: The pull-out forces for the single pins were mandibular pins (n = 15, median 488.0 N), supraorbital pins (n = 15, median 455.0 N), zygomatic pins (n = 14, median 269.1 N), medial hard palate pins (n = 12, median 208.4 N) and lateral hard palate pins (n = 8, median 49.6 N). Conclusions: The results indicate that the operation technique is feasible, and the stability of the EFF is sufficient for maintaining the reduction. The required pins can safely be inserted into the described areas with good reduction results. Using EFF offers a feasible alternative to the non-surgical treatment of CMF in LIC.
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container_issue	3, p 279
title_short	Off-Label Use of an External Hand Fixator for Craniomaxillofacial Fractures—An Anatomical Feasibility Study
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11030279 https://doaj.org/article/5fa7ba37c3e946da95e36d5c10eac3af https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/3/279 https://doaj.org/toc/2306-5354
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author2	Marco Necchi Teresa Gruber Valeska Hofmann Susanne Deininger Sebastian Hubertus Markus Deininger Amelie Deluca Eva Steidle-Kloc Jan Pruszak Jörn Wittig Christian Deininger
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up_date	2024-07-03T15:21:50.124Z
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