An epidemiological investigation of associated risk factors with equine influenza (H3N8) epidemic 2015–16 in Pakistan
Infection with equine influenza viruses in unvaccinated population could cause large-scale morbidity leading to huge economic losses compromising equine welfare in developing countries. Here we conducted a matched case-control study to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the EI epide...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Mushtaq, Muhammad Hassan [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2018 |
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Schlagwörter: |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Acta tropica - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2011, 186, Seite 63-68 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:186 ; pages:63-68 |
DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.006 |
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Katalog-ID: |
ELV00010860X |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a An epidemiological investigation of associated risk factors with equine influenza (H3N8) epidemic 2015–16 in Pakistan |
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520 | |a Infection with equine influenza viruses in unvaccinated population could cause large-scale morbidity leading to huge economic losses compromising equine welfare in developing countries. Here we conducted a matched case-control study to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the EI epidemic in Pakistan in the year 2015-16. Total of 197 laboratory-confirmed matched pairs of cases and controls were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire-based epidemiological data was collected for this purpose from all the matched pairs respondents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted analyzing the data. Multivariable regression analysis identified local equine density and frequency of manure removal as potential risk factors for the incidence of EI. Due to lack of vaccination, the spread of EI was favored supported by many infected equine population free movements. The first case of this epidemic was imported from Afghanistan which was considered as a source case for the epidemic. Management and biosecurity practices compliance was very low due to lack of awareness amongst the respondents. These findings agree with the previous findings in various developing countries. Strategic control of infected equines free movement and vaccination of the equine population are suggested in future to control such epidemics. | ||
650 | 4 | |a Equine influenza | |
650 | 4 | |a Biosecurity | |
650 | 4 | |a Equine management | |
650 | 4 | |a Regression | |
650 | 4 | |a Pakistan | |
700 | 1 | |a khan, Amjad |0 (orcid)0000-0002-9978-8891 |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Ahmad, Mansur ud Din |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Khan, Asghar |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Farooqi, Shahid Hussain |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Hussain, Abid |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Oladunni, Fatai |4 oth | |
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2018 |
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10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.006 doi (DE-627)ELV00010860X (ELSEVIER)S0001-706X(18)30633-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng Mushtaq, Muhammad Hassan verfasserin aut An epidemiological investigation of associated risk factors with equine influenza (H3N8) epidemic 2015–16 in Pakistan 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Infection with equine influenza viruses in unvaccinated population could cause large-scale morbidity leading to huge economic losses compromising equine welfare in developing countries. Here we conducted a matched case-control study to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the EI epidemic in Pakistan in the year 2015-16. Total of 197 laboratory-confirmed matched pairs of cases and controls were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire-based epidemiological data was collected for this purpose from all the matched pairs respondents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted analyzing the data. Multivariable regression analysis identified local equine density and frequency of manure removal as potential risk factors for the incidence of EI. Due to lack of vaccination, the spread of EI was favored supported by many infected equine population free movements. The first case of this epidemic was imported from Afghanistan which was considered as a source case for the epidemic. Management and biosecurity practices compliance was very low due to lack of awareness amongst the respondents. These findings agree with the previous findings in various developing countries. Strategic control of infected equines free movement and vaccination of the equine population are suggested in future to control such epidemics. Equine influenza Biosecurity Equine management Regression Pakistan khan, Amjad (orcid)0000-0002-9978-8891 oth Ahmad, Mansur ud Din oth Khan, Asghar oth Farooqi, Shahid Hussain oth Hussain, Abid oth Oladunni, Fatai oth Enthalten in Acta tropica Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2011 186, Seite 63-68 (DE-627)303614587 (DE-600)1495527-1 187-36254 nnns volume:186 pages:63-68 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 AR 186 63-68 |
spelling |
10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.006 doi (DE-627)ELV00010860X (ELSEVIER)S0001-706X(18)30633-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng Mushtaq, Muhammad Hassan verfasserin aut An epidemiological investigation of associated risk factors with equine influenza (H3N8) epidemic 2015–16 in Pakistan 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Infection with equine influenza viruses in unvaccinated population could cause large-scale morbidity leading to huge economic losses compromising equine welfare in developing countries. Here we conducted a matched case-control study to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the EI epidemic in Pakistan in the year 2015-16. Total of 197 laboratory-confirmed matched pairs of cases and controls were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire-based epidemiological data was collected for this purpose from all the matched pairs respondents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted analyzing the data. Multivariable regression analysis identified local equine density and frequency of manure removal as potential risk factors for the incidence of EI. Due to lack of vaccination, the spread of EI was favored supported by many infected equine population free movements. The first case of this epidemic was imported from Afghanistan which was considered as a source case for the epidemic. Management and biosecurity practices compliance was very low due to lack of awareness amongst the respondents. These findings agree with the previous findings in various developing countries. Strategic control of infected equines free movement and vaccination of the equine population are suggested in future to control such epidemics. Equine influenza Biosecurity Equine management Regression Pakistan khan, Amjad (orcid)0000-0002-9978-8891 oth Ahmad, Mansur ud Din oth Khan, Asghar oth Farooqi, Shahid Hussain oth Hussain, Abid oth Oladunni, Fatai oth Enthalten in Acta tropica Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2011 186, Seite 63-68 (DE-627)303614587 (DE-600)1495527-1 187-36254 nnns volume:186 pages:63-68 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 AR 186 63-68 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.006 doi (DE-627)ELV00010860X (ELSEVIER)S0001-706X(18)30633-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng Mushtaq, Muhammad Hassan verfasserin aut An epidemiological investigation of associated risk factors with equine influenza (H3N8) epidemic 2015–16 in Pakistan 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Infection with equine influenza viruses in unvaccinated population could cause large-scale morbidity leading to huge economic losses compromising equine welfare in developing countries. Here we conducted a matched case-control study to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the EI epidemic in Pakistan in the year 2015-16. Total of 197 laboratory-confirmed matched pairs of cases and controls were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire-based epidemiological data was collected for this purpose from all the matched pairs respondents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted analyzing the data. Multivariable regression analysis identified local equine density and frequency of manure removal as potential risk factors for the incidence of EI. Due to lack of vaccination, the spread of EI was favored supported by many infected equine population free movements. The first case of this epidemic was imported from Afghanistan which was considered as a source case for the epidemic. Management and biosecurity practices compliance was very low due to lack of awareness amongst the respondents. These findings agree with the previous findings in various developing countries. Strategic control of infected equines free movement and vaccination of the equine population are suggested in future to control such epidemics. Equine influenza Biosecurity Equine management Regression Pakistan khan, Amjad (orcid)0000-0002-9978-8891 oth Ahmad, Mansur ud Din oth Khan, Asghar oth Farooqi, Shahid Hussain oth Hussain, Abid oth Oladunni, Fatai oth Enthalten in Acta tropica Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2011 186, Seite 63-68 (DE-627)303614587 (DE-600)1495527-1 187-36254 nnns volume:186 pages:63-68 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 AR 186 63-68 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.006 doi (DE-627)ELV00010860X (ELSEVIER)S0001-706X(18)30633-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng Mushtaq, Muhammad Hassan verfasserin aut An epidemiological investigation of associated risk factors with equine influenza (H3N8) epidemic 2015–16 in Pakistan 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Infection with equine influenza viruses in unvaccinated population could cause large-scale morbidity leading to huge economic losses compromising equine welfare in developing countries. Here we conducted a matched case-control study to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the EI epidemic in Pakistan in the year 2015-16. Total of 197 laboratory-confirmed matched pairs of cases and controls were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire-based epidemiological data was collected for this purpose from all the matched pairs respondents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted analyzing the data. Multivariable regression analysis identified local equine density and frequency of manure removal as potential risk factors for the incidence of EI. Due to lack of vaccination, the spread of EI was favored supported by many infected equine population free movements. The first case of this epidemic was imported from Afghanistan which was considered as a source case for the epidemic. Management and biosecurity practices compliance was very low due to lack of awareness amongst the respondents. These findings agree with the previous findings in various developing countries. Strategic control of infected equines free movement and vaccination of the equine population are suggested in future to control such epidemics. Equine influenza Biosecurity Equine management Regression Pakistan khan, Amjad (orcid)0000-0002-9978-8891 oth Ahmad, Mansur ud Din oth Khan, Asghar oth Farooqi, Shahid Hussain oth Hussain, Abid oth Oladunni, Fatai oth Enthalten in Acta tropica Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2011 186, Seite 63-68 (DE-627)303614587 (DE-600)1495527-1 187-36254 nnns volume:186 pages:63-68 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 AR 186 63-68 |
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10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.006 doi (DE-627)ELV00010860X (ELSEVIER)S0001-706X(18)30633-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng Mushtaq, Muhammad Hassan verfasserin aut An epidemiological investigation of associated risk factors with equine influenza (H3N8) epidemic 2015–16 in Pakistan 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Infection with equine influenza viruses in unvaccinated population could cause large-scale morbidity leading to huge economic losses compromising equine welfare in developing countries. Here we conducted a matched case-control study to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the EI epidemic in Pakistan in the year 2015-16. Total of 197 laboratory-confirmed matched pairs of cases and controls were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire-based epidemiological data was collected for this purpose from all the matched pairs respondents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted analyzing the data. Multivariable regression analysis identified local equine density and frequency of manure removal as potential risk factors for the incidence of EI. Due to lack of vaccination, the spread of EI was favored supported by many infected equine population free movements. The first case of this epidemic was imported from Afghanistan which was considered as a source case for the epidemic. Management and biosecurity practices compliance was very low due to lack of awareness amongst the respondents. These findings agree with the previous findings in various developing countries. Strategic control of infected equines free movement and vaccination of the equine population are suggested in future to control such epidemics. Equine influenza Biosecurity Equine management Regression Pakistan khan, Amjad (orcid)0000-0002-9978-8891 oth Ahmad, Mansur ud Din oth Khan, Asghar oth Farooqi, Shahid Hussain oth Hussain, Abid oth Oladunni, Fatai oth Enthalten in Acta tropica Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2011 186, Seite 63-68 (DE-627)303614587 (DE-600)1495527-1 187-36254 nnns volume:186 pages:63-68 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 AR 186 63-68 |
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an epidemiological investigation of associated risk factors with equine influenza (h3n8) epidemic 2015–16 in pakistan |
title_auth |
An epidemiological investigation of associated risk factors with equine influenza (H3N8) epidemic 2015–16 in Pakistan |
abstract |
Infection with equine influenza viruses in unvaccinated population could cause large-scale morbidity leading to huge economic losses compromising equine welfare in developing countries. Here we conducted a matched case-control study to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the EI epidemic in Pakistan in the year 2015-16. Total of 197 laboratory-confirmed matched pairs of cases and controls were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire-based epidemiological data was collected for this purpose from all the matched pairs respondents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted analyzing the data. Multivariable regression analysis identified local equine density and frequency of manure removal as potential risk factors for the incidence of EI. Due to lack of vaccination, the spread of EI was favored supported by many infected equine population free movements. The first case of this epidemic was imported from Afghanistan which was considered as a source case for the epidemic. Management and biosecurity practices compliance was very low due to lack of awareness amongst the respondents. These findings agree with the previous findings in various developing countries. Strategic control of infected equines free movement and vaccination of the equine population are suggested in future to control such epidemics. |
abstractGer |
Infection with equine influenza viruses in unvaccinated population could cause large-scale morbidity leading to huge economic losses compromising equine welfare in developing countries. Here we conducted a matched case-control study to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the EI epidemic in Pakistan in the year 2015-16. Total of 197 laboratory-confirmed matched pairs of cases and controls were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire-based epidemiological data was collected for this purpose from all the matched pairs respondents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted analyzing the data. Multivariable regression analysis identified local equine density and frequency of manure removal as potential risk factors for the incidence of EI. Due to lack of vaccination, the spread of EI was favored supported by many infected equine population free movements. The first case of this epidemic was imported from Afghanistan which was considered as a source case for the epidemic. Management and biosecurity practices compliance was very low due to lack of awareness amongst the respondents. These findings agree with the previous findings in various developing countries. Strategic control of infected equines free movement and vaccination of the equine population are suggested in future to control such epidemics. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Infection with equine influenza viruses in unvaccinated population could cause large-scale morbidity leading to huge economic losses compromising equine welfare in developing countries. Here we conducted a matched case-control study to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the EI epidemic in Pakistan in the year 2015-16. Total of 197 laboratory-confirmed matched pairs of cases and controls were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire-based epidemiological data was collected for this purpose from all the matched pairs respondents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted analyzing the data. Multivariable regression analysis identified local equine density and frequency of manure removal as potential risk factors for the incidence of EI. Due to lack of vaccination, the spread of EI was favored supported by many infected equine population free movements. The first case of this epidemic was imported from Afghanistan which was considered as a source case for the epidemic. Management and biosecurity practices compliance was very low due to lack of awareness amongst the respondents. These findings agree with the previous findings in various developing countries. Strategic control of infected equines free movement and vaccination of the equine population are suggested in future to control such epidemics. |
collection_details |
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title_short |
An epidemiological investigation of associated risk factors with equine influenza (H3N8) epidemic 2015–16 in Pakistan |
remote_bool |
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author2 |
khan, Amjad Ahmad, Mansur ud Din Khan, Asghar Farooqi, Shahid Hussain Hussain, Abid Oladunni, Fatai |
author2Str |
khan, Amjad Ahmad, Mansur ud Din Khan, Asghar Farooqi, Shahid Hussain Hussain, Abid Oladunni, Fatai |
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doi_str |
10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.006 |
up_date |
2024-07-06T16:53:25.046Z |
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