Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts

Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozo...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Mo, Weiwei [verfasserIn] Cornejo, Pablo K. [verfasserIn] Malley, James P. [verfasserIn] Kane, Tyler E. [verfasserIn] Collins, M. Robin [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	Small drinking water systems Disinfection byproduct Granular activated carbon Ozone UV disinfection Life cycle cost assessment

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Water research - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967, 143, Seite 155-164
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:143 ; pages:155-164

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.047

Katalog-ID:	ELV000281840

Internformat


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520			\|a Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost ($0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario.
650		4	\|a Small drinking water systems
650		4	\|a Disinfection byproduct
650		4	\|a Granular activated carbon
650		4	\|a Ozone
650		4	\|a UV disinfection
650		4	\|a Life cycle cost assessment
700	1		\|a Cornejo, Pablo K. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Malley, James P. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Kane, Tyler E. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Collins, M. Robin \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
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936	b	k	\|a 38.85 \|j Hydrologie: Allgemeines
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Indexfelder

author_variant	w m wm p k c pk pkc j p m jp jpm t e k te tek m r c mr mrc
matchkey_str	article:18792448:2018----::ieylevrnetlneooiipiainosalrnigaesseugaet
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publishDate	2018
allfields	10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.047 doi (DE-627)ELV000281840 (ELSEVIER)S0043-1354(18)30497-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 550 DE-600 38.85 bkl 43.50 bkl 58.51 bkl Mo, Weiwei verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-1893-0797 aut Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost ($0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario. Small drinking water systems Disinfection byproduct Granular activated carbon Ozone UV disinfection Life cycle cost assessment Cornejo, Pablo K. verfasserin aut Malley, James P. verfasserin aut Kane, Tyler E. verfasserin aut Collins, M. Robin verfasserin aut Enthalten in Water research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967 143, Seite 155-164 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306713780 (DE-600)1501098-3 (DE-576)098330284 1879-2448 nnns volume:143 pages:155-164 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 38.85 Hydrologie: Allgemeines 43.50 Umweltbelastungen 58.51 Abwassertechnik Wasseraufbereitung AR 143 155-164
spelling	10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.047 doi (DE-627)ELV000281840 (ELSEVIER)S0043-1354(18)30497-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 550 DE-600 38.85 bkl 43.50 bkl 58.51 bkl Mo, Weiwei verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-1893-0797 aut Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost ($0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario. Small drinking water systems Disinfection byproduct Granular activated carbon Ozone UV disinfection Life cycle cost assessment Cornejo, Pablo K. verfasserin aut Malley, James P. verfasserin aut Kane, Tyler E. verfasserin aut Collins, M. Robin verfasserin aut Enthalten in Water research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967 143, Seite 155-164 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306713780 (DE-600)1501098-3 (DE-576)098330284 1879-2448 nnns volume:143 pages:155-164 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 38.85 Hydrologie: Allgemeines 43.50 Umweltbelastungen 58.51 Abwassertechnik Wasseraufbereitung AR 143 155-164
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.047 doi (DE-627)ELV000281840 (ELSEVIER)S0043-1354(18)30497-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 550 DE-600 38.85 bkl 43.50 bkl 58.51 bkl Mo, Weiwei verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-1893-0797 aut Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost ($0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario. Small drinking water systems Disinfection byproduct Granular activated carbon Ozone UV disinfection Life cycle cost assessment Cornejo, Pablo K. verfasserin aut Malley, James P. verfasserin aut Kane, Tyler E. verfasserin aut Collins, M. Robin verfasserin aut Enthalten in Water research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967 143, Seite 155-164 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306713780 (DE-600)1501098-3 (DE-576)098330284 1879-2448 nnns volume:143 pages:155-164 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 38.85 Hydrologie: Allgemeines 43.50 Umweltbelastungen 58.51 Abwassertechnik Wasseraufbereitung AR 143 155-164
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.047 doi (DE-627)ELV000281840 (ELSEVIER)S0043-1354(18)30497-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 550 DE-600 38.85 bkl 43.50 bkl 58.51 bkl Mo, Weiwei verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-1893-0797 aut Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost ($0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario. Small drinking water systems Disinfection byproduct Granular activated carbon Ozone UV disinfection Life cycle cost assessment Cornejo, Pablo K. verfasserin aut Malley, James P. verfasserin aut Kane, Tyler E. verfasserin aut Collins, M. Robin verfasserin aut Enthalten in Water research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967 143, Seite 155-164 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306713780 (DE-600)1501098-3 (DE-576)098330284 1879-2448 nnns volume:143 pages:155-164 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 38.85 Hydrologie: Allgemeines 43.50 Umweltbelastungen 58.51 Abwassertechnik Wasseraufbereitung AR 143 155-164
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.047 doi (DE-627)ELV000281840 (ELSEVIER)S0043-1354(18)30497-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 550 DE-600 38.85 bkl 43.50 bkl 58.51 bkl Mo, Weiwei verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-1893-0797 aut Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost ($0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario. Small drinking water systems Disinfection byproduct Granular activated carbon Ozone UV disinfection Life cycle cost assessment Cornejo, Pablo K. verfasserin aut Malley, James P. verfasserin aut Kane, Tyler E. verfasserin aut Collins, M. Robin verfasserin aut Enthalten in Water research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967 143, Seite 155-164 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306713780 (DE-600)1501098-3 (DE-576)098330284 1879-2448 nnns volume:143 pages:155-164 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 38.85 Hydrologie: Allgemeines 43.50 Umweltbelastungen 58.51 Abwassertechnik Wasseraufbereitung AR 143 155-164
language	English
source	Enthalten in Water research 143, Seite 155-164 volume:143 pages:155-164
sourceStr	Enthalten in Water research 143, Seite 155-164 volume:143 pages:155-164
format_phy_str_mv	Article
bklname	Hydrologie: Allgemeines Umweltbelastungen Abwassertechnik Wasseraufbereitung
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Small drinking water systems Disinfection byproduct Granular activated carbon Ozone UV disinfection Life cycle cost assessment
dewey-raw	550
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Water research
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Mo, Weiwei @@aut@@ Cornejo, Pablo K. @@aut@@ Malley, James P. @@aut@@ Kane, Tyler E. @@aut@@ Collins, M. Robin @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	306713780
dewey-sort	3550
id	ELV000281840
language_de	englisch
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author	Mo, Weiwei
spellingShingle	Mo, Weiwei ddc 550 bkl 38.85 bkl 43.50 bkl 58.51 misc Small drinking water systems misc Disinfection byproduct misc Granular activated carbon misc Ozone misc UV disinfection misc Life cycle cost assessment Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts
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topic_title	550 DE-600 38.85 bkl 43.50 bkl 58.51 bkl Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts Small drinking water systems Disinfection byproduct Granular activated carbon Ozone UV disinfection Life cycle cost assessment
topic	ddc 550 bkl 38.85 bkl 43.50 bkl 58.51 misc Small drinking water systems misc Disinfection byproduct misc Granular activated carbon misc Ozone misc UV disinfection misc Life cycle cost assessment
topic_unstemmed	ddc 550 bkl 38.85 bkl 43.50 bkl 58.51 misc Small drinking water systems misc Disinfection byproduct misc Granular activated carbon misc Ozone misc UV disinfection misc Life cycle cost assessment
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title	Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts
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title_full	Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts
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title_sort	life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts
title_auth	Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts
abstract	Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost ($0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario.
abstractGer	Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost ($0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario.
abstract_unstemmed	Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost ($0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario.
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title_short	Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts
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author2	Cornejo, Pablo K. Malley, James P. Kane, Tyler E. Collins, M. Robin
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up_date	2024-07-06T17:26:35.390Z
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Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts

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