Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium

Background: Legal and illegal drugs impose a considerable burden to the individual and to society. The misuse of addictive substances results in healthcare and law enforcement costs, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life.Methods: A social cost study was conducted to estimate the substance...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Lievens, Delfine [verfasserIn] Vander Laenen, Freya [verfasserIn] Verhaeghe, Nick [verfasserIn] Putman, Koen [verfasserIn] Pauwels, Lieven [verfasserIn] Hardyns, Wim [verfasserIn] Annemans, Lieven [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	Drug policy Social cost Illegal drugs Legal drugs Health care Law enforcement

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: International journal of drug policy - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1998, 44
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:44

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.005

Katalog-ID:	ELV000764159

Internformat


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024	7		\|a 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.005 \|2 doi
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100	1		\|a Lievens, Delfine \|e verfasserin \|0 (orcid)0000-0002-0620-0076 \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium
264		1	\|c 2017
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520			\|a Background: Legal and illegal drugs impose a considerable burden to the individual and to society. The misuse of addictive substances results in healthcare and law enforcement costs, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life.Methods: A social cost study was conducted to estimate the substance-attributable costs of alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication to Belgian society in 2012. The cost-of-illness framework with prevalence-based and human capital approach was applied. Three cost components were considered: direct, indirect and intangible costs related to substance misuse.Results: The direct and indirect cost of addictive substances was estimated at 4.6 billion euros in Belgium (419 euros per capita or 1.19% of the GDP) and more than 515,000 healthy years are lost due to substance misuse. The Belgian social cost study reaffirms that alcohol and tobacco impose the highest cost to society compared to illegal drugs. Health problems are the main driver of the social cost of legal drugs. Law enforcement expenditure exceed the healthcare costs but only in the case of illegal drugs.Conclusion: Estimating social costs of addictive substances is complex because it is difficult to determine to what extent the societal harm is caused by substances. It can be argued that social cost studies take only a ‘snapshot’ of the monetary consequences of substance misuse. Nevertheless, the current study offers the most comprehensive analysis thus far of the social costs of substance misuse in Belgium.
650		4	\|a Drug policy
650		4	\|a Social cost
650		4	\|a Illegal drugs
650		4	\|a Legal drugs
650		4	\|a Health care
650		4	\|a Law enforcement
700	1		\|a Vander Laenen, Freya \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Verhaeghe, Nick \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Putman, Koen \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Pauwels, Lieven \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Hardyns, Wim \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Annemans, Lieven \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_4324
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936	b	k	\|a 44.38 \|j Pharmakologie
936	b	k	\|a 44.91 \|j Psychiatrie \|j Psychopathologie
951			\|a AR
952			\|d 44

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matchkey_str	article:18734758:2017----::cnmcosqecsfeaadleadushcso
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publishDate	2017
allfields	10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.005 doi (DE-627)ELV000764159 (ELSEVIER)S0955-3959(17)30079-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 DE-600 44.38 bkl 44.91 bkl Lievens, Delfine verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-0620-0076 aut Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium 2017 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Legal and illegal drugs impose a considerable burden to the individual and to society. The misuse of addictive substances results in healthcare and law enforcement costs, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life.Methods: A social cost study was conducted to estimate the substance-attributable costs of alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication to Belgian society in 2012. The cost-of-illness framework with prevalence-based and human capital approach was applied. Three cost components were considered: direct, indirect and intangible costs related to substance misuse.Results: The direct and indirect cost of addictive substances was estimated at 4.6 billion euros in Belgium (419 euros per capita or 1.19% of the GDP) and more than 515,000 healthy years are lost due to substance misuse. The Belgian social cost study reaffirms that alcohol and tobacco impose the highest cost to society compared to illegal drugs. Health problems are the main driver of the social cost of legal drugs. Law enforcement expenditure exceed the healthcare costs but only in the case of illegal drugs.Conclusion: Estimating social costs of addictive substances is complex because it is difficult to determine to what extent the societal harm is caused by substances. It can be argued that social cost studies take only a ‘snapshot’ of the monetary consequences of substance misuse. Nevertheless, the current study offers the most comprehensive analysis thus far of the social costs of substance misuse in Belgium. Drug policy Social cost Illegal drugs Legal drugs Health care Law enforcement Vander Laenen, Freya verfasserin aut Verhaeghe, Nick verfasserin aut Putman, Koen verfasserin aut Pauwels, Lieven verfasserin aut Hardyns, Wim verfasserin aut Annemans, Lieven verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of drug policy Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1998 44 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320482693 (DE-600)2010000-0 (DE-576)259271349 1873-4758 nnns volume:44 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.38 Pharmakologie 44.91 Psychiatrie Psychopathologie AR 44
spelling	10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.005 doi (DE-627)ELV000764159 (ELSEVIER)S0955-3959(17)30079-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 DE-600 44.38 bkl 44.91 bkl Lievens, Delfine verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-0620-0076 aut Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium 2017 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Legal and illegal drugs impose a considerable burden to the individual and to society. The misuse of addictive substances results in healthcare and law enforcement costs, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life.Methods: A social cost study was conducted to estimate the substance-attributable costs of alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication to Belgian society in 2012. The cost-of-illness framework with prevalence-based and human capital approach was applied. Three cost components were considered: direct, indirect and intangible costs related to substance misuse.Results: The direct and indirect cost of addictive substances was estimated at 4.6 billion euros in Belgium (419 euros per capita or 1.19% of the GDP) and more than 515,000 healthy years are lost due to substance misuse. The Belgian social cost study reaffirms that alcohol and tobacco impose the highest cost to society compared to illegal drugs. Health problems are the main driver of the social cost of legal drugs. Law enforcement expenditure exceed the healthcare costs but only in the case of illegal drugs.Conclusion: Estimating social costs of addictive substances is complex because it is difficult to determine to what extent the societal harm is caused by substances. It can be argued that social cost studies take only a ‘snapshot’ of the monetary consequences of substance misuse. Nevertheless, the current study offers the most comprehensive analysis thus far of the social costs of substance misuse in Belgium. Drug policy Social cost Illegal drugs Legal drugs Health care Law enforcement Vander Laenen, Freya verfasserin aut Verhaeghe, Nick verfasserin aut Putman, Koen verfasserin aut Pauwels, Lieven verfasserin aut Hardyns, Wim verfasserin aut Annemans, Lieven verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of drug policy Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1998 44 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320482693 (DE-600)2010000-0 (DE-576)259271349 1873-4758 nnns volume:44 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.38 Pharmakologie 44.91 Psychiatrie Psychopathologie AR 44
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.005 doi (DE-627)ELV000764159 (ELSEVIER)S0955-3959(17)30079-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 DE-600 44.38 bkl 44.91 bkl Lievens, Delfine verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-0620-0076 aut Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium 2017 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Legal and illegal drugs impose a considerable burden to the individual and to society. The misuse of addictive substances results in healthcare and law enforcement costs, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life.Methods: A social cost study was conducted to estimate the substance-attributable costs of alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication to Belgian society in 2012. The cost-of-illness framework with prevalence-based and human capital approach was applied. Three cost components were considered: direct, indirect and intangible costs related to substance misuse.Results: The direct and indirect cost of addictive substances was estimated at 4.6 billion euros in Belgium (419 euros per capita or 1.19% of the GDP) and more than 515,000 healthy years are lost due to substance misuse. The Belgian social cost study reaffirms that alcohol and tobacco impose the highest cost to society compared to illegal drugs. Health problems are the main driver of the social cost of legal drugs. Law enforcement expenditure exceed the healthcare costs but only in the case of illegal drugs.Conclusion: Estimating social costs of addictive substances is complex because it is difficult to determine to what extent the societal harm is caused by substances. It can be argued that social cost studies take only a ‘snapshot’ of the monetary consequences of substance misuse. Nevertheless, the current study offers the most comprehensive analysis thus far of the social costs of substance misuse in Belgium. Drug policy Social cost Illegal drugs Legal drugs Health care Law enforcement Vander Laenen, Freya verfasserin aut Verhaeghe, Nick verfasserin aut Putman, Koen verfasserin aut Pauwels, Lieven verfasserin aut Hardyns, Wim verfasserin aut Annemans, Lieven verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of drug policy Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1998 44 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320482693 (DE-600)2010000-0 (DE-576)259271349 1873-4758 nnns volume:44 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.38 Pharmakologie 44.91 Psychiatrie Psychopathologie AR 44
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.005 doi (DE-627)ELV000764159 (ELSEVIER)S0955-3959(17)30079-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 DE-600 44.38 bkl 44.91 bkl Lievens, Delfine verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-0620-0076 aut Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium 2017 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Legal and illegal drugs impose a considerable burden to the individual and to society. The misuse of addictive substances results in healthcare and law enforcement costs, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life.Methods: A social cost study was conducted to estimate the substance-attributable costs of alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication to Belgian society in 2012. The cost-of-illness framework with prevalence-based and human capital approach was applied. Three cost components were considered: direct, indirect and intangible costs related to substance misuse.Results: The direct and indirect cost of addictive substances was estimated at 4.6 billion euros in Belgium (419 euros per capita or 1.19% of the GDP) and more than 515,000 healthy years are lost due to substance misuse. The Belgian social cost study reaffirms that alcohol and tobacco impose the highest cost to society compared to illegal drugs. Health problems are the main driver of the social cost of legal drugs. Law enforcement expenditure exceed the healthcare costs but only in the case of illegal drugs.Conclusion: Estimating social costs of addictive substances is complex because it is difficult to determine to what extent the societal harm is caused by substances. It can be argued that social cost studies take only a ‘snapshot’ of the monetary consequences of substance misuse. Nevertheless, the current study offers the most comprehensive analysis thus far of the social costs of substance misuse in Belgium. Drug policy Social cost Illegal drugs Legal drugs Health care Law enforcement Vander Laenen, Freya verfasserin aut Verhaeghe, Nick verfasserin aut Putman, Koen verfasserin aut Pauwels, Lieven verfasserin aut Hardyns, Wim verfasserin aut Annemans, Lieven verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of drug policy Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1998 44 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320482693 (DE-600)2010000-0 (DE-576)259271349 1873-4758 nnns volume:44 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.38 Pharmakologie 44.91 Psychiatrie Psychopathologie AR 44
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.005 doi (DE-627)ELV000764159 (ELSEVIER)S0955-3959(17)30079-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 DE-600 44.38 bkl 44.91 bkl Lievens, Delfine verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-0620-0076 aut Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium 2017 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Legal and illegal drugs impose a considerable burden to the individual and to society. The misuse of addictive substances results in healthcare and law enforcement costs, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life.Methods: A social cost study was conducted to estimate the substance-attributable costs of alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication to Belgian society in 2012. The cost-of-illness framework with prevalence-based and human capital approach was applied. Three cost components were considered: direct, indirect and intangible costs related to substance misuse.Results: The direct and indirect cost of addictive substances was estimated at 4.6 billion euros in Belgium (419 euros per capita or 1.19% of the GDP) and more than 515,000 healthy years are lost due to substance misuse. The Belgian social cost study reaffirms that alcohol and tobacco impose the highest cost to society compared to illegal drugs. Health problems are the main driver of the social cost of legal drugs. Law enforcement expenditure exceed the healthcare costs but only in the case of illegal drugs.Conclusion: Estimating social costs of addictive substances is complex because it is difficult to determine to what extent the societal harm is caused by substances. It can be argued that social cost studies take only a ‘snapshot’ of the monetary consequences of substance misuse. Nevertheless, the current study offers the most comprehensive analysis thus far of the social costs of substance misuse in Belgium. Drug policy Social cost Illegal drugs Legal drugs Health care Law enforcement Vander Laenen, Freya verfasserin aut Verhaeghe, Nick verfasserin aut Putman, Koen verfasserin aut Pauwels, Lieven verfasserin aut Hardyns, Wim verfasserin aut Annemans, Lieven verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of drug policy Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1998 44 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320482693 (DE-600)2010000-0 (DE-576)259271349 1873-4758 nnns volume:44 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.38 Pharmakologie 44.91 Psychiatrie Psychopathologie AR 44
language	English
source	Enthalten in International journal of drug policy 44 volume:44
sourceStr	Enthalten in International journal of drug policy 44 volume:44
format_phy_str_mv	Article
bklname	Pharmakologie Psychiatrie Psychopathologie
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Drug policy Social cost Illegal drugs Legal drugs Health care Law enforcement
dewey-raw	610
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	International journal of drug policy
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Lievens, Delfine @@aut@@ Vander Laenen, Freya @@aut@@ Verhaeghe, Nick @@aut@@ Putman, Koen @@aut@@ Pauwels, Lieven @@aut@@ Hardyns, Wim @@aut@@ Annemans, Lieven @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	320482693
dewey-sort	3610
id	ELV000764159
language_de	englisch
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author	Lievens, Delfine
spellingShingle	Lievens, Delfine ddc 610 bkl 44.38 bkl 44.91 misc Drug policy misc Social cost misc Illegal drugs misc Legal drugs misc Health care misc Law enforcement Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium
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topic_title	610 DE-600 44.38 bkl 44.91 bkl Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium Drug policy Social cost Illegal drugs Legal drugs Health care Law enforcement
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title	Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium
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title_full	Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium
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title_sort	economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: the case of social costs in belgium
title_auth	Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium
abstract	Background: Legal and illegal drugs impose a considerable burden to the individual and to society. The misuse of addictive substances results in healthcare and law enforcement costs, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life.Methods: A social cost study was conducted to estimate the substance-attributable costs of alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication to Belgian society in 2012. The cost-of-illness framework with prevalence-based and human capital approach was applied. Three cost components were considered: direct, indirect and intangible costs related to substance misuse.Results: The direct and indirect cost of addictive substances was estimated at 4.6 billion euros in Belgium (419 euros per capita or 1.19% of the GDP) and more than 515,000 healthy years are lost due to substance misuse. The Belgian social cost study reaffirms that alcohol and tobacco impose the highest cost to society compared to illegal drugs. Health problems are the main driver of the social cost of legal drugs. Law enforcement expenditure exceed the healthcare costs but only in the case of illegal drugs.Conclusion: Estimating social costs of addictive substances is complex because it is difficult to determine to what extent the societal harm is caused by substances. It can be argued that social cost studies take only a ‘snapshot’ of the monetary consequences of substance misuse. Nevertheless, the current study offers the most comprehensive analysis thus far of the social costs of substance misuse in Belgium.
abstractGer	Background: Legal and illegal drugs impose a considerable burden to the individual and to society. The misuse of addictive substances results in healthcare and law enforcement costs, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life.Methods: A social cost study was conducted to estimate the substance-attributable costs of alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication to Belgian society in 2012. The cost-of-illness framework with prevalence-based and human capital approach was applied. Three cost components were considered: direct, indirect and intangible costs related to substance misuse.Results: The direct and indirect cost of addictive substances was estimated at 4.6 billion euros in Belgium (419 euros per capita or 1.19% of the GDP) and more than 515,000 healthy years are lost due to substance misuse. The Belgian social cost study reaffirms that alcohol and tobacco impose the highest cost to society compared to illegal drugs. Health problems are the main driver of the social cost of legal drugs. Law enforcement expenditure exceed the healthcare costs but only in the case of illegal drugs.Conclusion: Estimating social costs of addictive substances is complex because it is difficult to determine to what extent the societal harm is caused by substances. It can be argued that social cost studies take only a ‘snapshot’ of the monetary consequences of substance misuse. Nevertheless, the current study offers the most comprehensive analysis thus far of the social costs of substance misuse in Belgium.
abstract_unstemmed	Background: Legal and illegal drugs impose a considerable burden to the individual and to society. The misuse of addictive substances results in healthcare and law enforcement costs, loss of productivity and reduced quality of life.Methods: A social cost study was conducted to estimate the substance-attributable costs of alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication to Belgian society in 2012. The cost-of-illness framework with prevalence-based and human capital approach was applied. Three cost components were considered: direct, indirect and intangible costs related to substance misuse.Results: The direct and indirect cost of addictive substances was estimated at 4.6 billion euros in Belgium (419 euros per capita or 1.19% of the GDP) and more than 515,000 healthy years are lost due to substance misuse. The Belgian social cost study reaffirms that alcohol and tobacco impose the highest cost to society compared to illegal drugs. Health problems are the main driver of the social cost of legal drugs. Law enforcement expenditure exceed the healthcare costs but only in the case of illegal drugs.Conclusion: Estimating social costs of addictive substances is complex because it is difficult to determine to what extent the societal harm is caused by substances. It can be argued that social cost studies take only a ‘snapshot’ of the monetary consequences of substance misuse. Nevertheless, the current study offers the most comprehensive analysis thus far of the social costs of substance misuse in Belgium.
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title_short	Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium
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author2	Vander Laenen, Freya Verhaeghe, Nick Putman, Koen Pauwels, Lieven Hardyns, Wim Annemans, Lieven
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up_date	2024-07-06T19:05:51.889Z
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Economic consequences of legal and illegal drugs: The case of social costs in Belgium

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