Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases
Mutations within the activation loop of members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily, which includes KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, have been observed in multiple human tumor types. These mutations confer constitutive activation as well as resistance to the type II tyrosine kinase inhib...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Klug, Lillian R. [verfasserIn] Kent, Jason D. [verfasserIn] Heinrich, Michael C. [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2018 |
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Schlagwörter: |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Pharmacology & therapeutics - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979, 191, Seite 123-134 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:191 ; pages:123-134 |
DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.016 |
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Katalog-ID: |
ELV000907502 |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases |
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520 | |a Mutations within the activation loop of members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily, which includes KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, have been observed in multiple human tumor types. These mutations confer constitutive activation as well as resistance to the type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that are currently clinically available, such as imatinib and sunitinib. It is now understood that activation loop mutations in class III RTKs shift the activation state equilibrium away from inactive states, to which type II TKIs bind, to the active state by destabilizing the inactive conformation. Recently, type I TKIs, which can bind to active kinase conformations, have been developed with specificity for class III RTK members. Some type I TKIs, such as crenolanib and avapritinib (BLU-285), have entered clinical studies for patients with activation loop mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or FLT3. Preliminary results suggest that these type I TKIs show activity in these patient populations that previously lacked effective treatments. This article reviews the inactive and active structures of KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, how the mutations seen in human cancers affect kinase structure, and the clinical implications of these mutations in terms of type I vs. type II TKI binding. | ||
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allfields |
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.016 doi (DE-627)ELV000907502 (ELSEVIER)S0163-7258(18)30118-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 DE-600 PHARM DE-84 fid 44.38 bkl Klug, Lillian R. verfasserin aut Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mutations within the activation loop of members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily, which includes KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, have been observed in multiple human tumor types. These mutations confer constitutive activation as well as resistance to the type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that are currently clinically available, such as imatinib and sunitinib. It is now understood that activation loop mutations in class III RTKs shift the activation state equilibrium away from inactive states, to which type II TKIs bind, to the active state by destabilizing the inactive conformation. Recently, type I TKIs, which can bind to active kinase conformations, have been developed with specificity for class III RTK members. Some type I TKIs, such as crenolanib and avapritinib (BLU-285), have entered clinical studies for patients with activation loop mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or FLT3. Preliminary results suggest that these type I TKIs show activity in these patient populations that previously lacked effective treatments. This article reviews the inactive and active structures of KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, how the mutations seen in human cancers affect kinase structure, and the clinical implications of these mutations in terms of type I vs. type II TKI binding. KIT PDGFRA Kinase inhibitor Activation loop mutation Type I kinase inhibitor Kinase inhibitor resistance Kent, Jason D. verfasserin aut Heinrich, Michael C. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Pharmacology & therapeutics Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 191, Seite 123-134 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306661330 (DE-600)1500663-3 (DE-576)081986904 1879-016X nnns volume:191 pages:123-134 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV FID-PHARM SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.38 Pharmakologie AR 191 123-134 |
spelling |
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.016 doi (DE-627)ELV000907502 (ELSEVIER)S0163-7258(18)30118-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 DE-600 PHARM DE-84 fid 44.38 bkl Klug, Lillian R. verfasserin aut Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mutations within the activation loop of members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily, which includes KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, have been observed in multiple human tumor types. These mutations confer constitutive activation as well as resistance to the type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that are currently clinically available, such as imatinib and sunitinib. It is now understood that activation loop mutations in class III RTKs shift the activation state equilibrium away from inactive states, to which type II TKIs bind, to the active state by destabilizing the inactive conformation. Recently, type I TKIs, which can bind to active kinase conformations, have been developed with specificity for class III RTK members. Some type I TKIs, such as crenolanib and avapritinib (BLU-285), have entered clinical studies for patients with activation loop mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or FLT3. Preliminary results suggest that these type I TKIs show activity in these patient populations that previously lacked effective treatments. This article reviews the inactive and active structures of KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, how the mutations seen in human cancers affect kinase structure, and the clinical implications of these mutations in terms of type I vs. type II TKI binding. KIT PDGFRA Kinase inhibitor Activation loop mutation Type I kinase inhibitor Kinase inhibitor resistance Kent, Jason D. verfasserin aut Heinrich, Michael C. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Pharmacology & therapeutics Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 191, Seite 123-134 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306661330 (DE-600)1500663-3 (DE-576)081986904 1879-016X nnns volume:191 pages:123-134 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV FID-PHARM SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.38 Pharmakologie AR 191 123-134 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.016 doi (DE-627)ELV000907502 (ELSEVIER)S0163-7258(18)30118-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 DE-600 PHARM DE-84 fid 44.38 bkl Klug, Lillian R. verfasserin aut Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mutations within the activation loop of members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily, which includes KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, have been observed in multiple human tumor types. These mutations confer constitutive activation as well as resistance to the type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that are currently clinically available, such as imatinib and sunitinib. It is now understood that activation loop mutations in class III RTKs shift the activation state equilibrium away from inactive states, to which type II TKIs bind, to the active state by destabilizing the inactive conformation. Recently, type I TKIs, which can bind to active kinase conformations, have been developed with specificity for class III RTK members. Some type I TKIs, such as crenolanib and avapritinib (BLU-285), have entered clinical studies for patients with activation loop mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or FLT3. Preliminary results suggest that these type I TKIs show activity in these patient populations that previously lacked effective treatments. This article reviews the inactive and active structures of KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, how the mutations seen in human cancers affect kinase structure, and the clinical implications of these mutations in terms of type I vs. type II TKI binding. KIT PDGFRA Kinase inhibitor Activation loop mutation Type I kinase inhibitor Kinase inhibitor resistance Kent, Jason D. verfasserin aut Heinrich, Michael C. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Pharmacology & therapeutics Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 191, Seite 123-134 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306661330 (DE-600)1500663-3 (DE-576)081986904 1879-016X nnns volume:191 pages:123-134 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV FID-PHARM SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.38 Pharmakologie AR 191 123-134 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.016 doi (DE-627)ELV000907502 (ELSEVIER)S0163-7258(18)30118-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 DE-600 PHARM DE-84 fid 44.38 bkl Klug, Lillian R. verfasserin aut Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mutations within the activation loop of members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily, which includes KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, have been observed in multiple human tumor types. These mutations confer constitutive activation as well as resistance to the type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that are currently clinically available, such as imatinib and sunitinib. It is now understood that activation loop mutations in class III RTKs shift the activation state equilibrium away from inactive states, to which type II TKIs bind, to the active state by destabilizing the inactive conformation. Recently, type I TKIs, which can bind to active kinase conformations, have been developed with specificity for class III RTK members. Some type I TKIs, such as crenolanib and avapritinib (BLU-285), have entered clinical studies for patients with activation loop mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or FLT3. Preliminary results suggest that these type I TKIs show activity in these patient populations that previously lacked effective treatments. This article reviews the inactive and active structures of KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, how the mutations seen in human cancers affect kinase structure, and the clinical implications of these mutations in terms of type I vs. type II TKI binding. KIT PDGFRA Kinase inhibitor Activation loop mutation Type I kinase inhibitor Kinase inhibitor resistance Kent, Jason D. verfasserin aut Heinrich, Michael C. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Pharmacology & therapeutics Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 191, Seite 123-134 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306661330 (DE-600)1500663-3 (DE-576)081986904 1879-016X nnns volume:191 pages:123-134 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV FID-PHARM SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.38 Pharmakologie AR 191 123-134 |
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10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.016 doi (DE-627)ELV000907502 (ELSEVIER)S0163-7258(18)30118-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 DE-600 PHARM DE-84 fid 44.38 bkl Klug, Lillian R. verfasserin aut Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mutations within the activation loop of members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily, which includes KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, have been observed in multiple human tumor types. These mutations confer constitutive activation as well as resistance to the type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that are currently clinically available, such as imatinib and sunitinib. It is now understood that activation loop mutations in class III RTKs shift the activation state equilibrium away from inactive states, to which type II TKIs bind, to the active state by destabilizing the inactive conformation. Recently, type I TKIs, which can bind to active kinase conformations, have been developed with specificity for class III RTK members. Some type I TKIs, such as crenolanib and avapritinib (BLU-285), have entered clinical studies for patients with activation loop mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or FLT3. Preliminary results suggest that these type I TKIs show activity in these patient populations that previously lacked effective treatments. This article reviews the inactive and active structures of KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, how the mutations seen in human cancers affect kinase structure, and the clinical implications of these mutations in terms of type I vs. type II TKI binding. KIT PDGFRA Kinase inhibitor Activation loop mutation Type I kinase inhibitor Kinase inhibitor resistance Kent, Jason D. verfasserin aut Heinrich, Michael C. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Pharmacology & therapeutics Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 191, Seite 123-134 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306661330 (DE-600)1500663-3 (DE-576)081986904 1879-016X nnns volume:191 pages:123-134 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV FID-PHARM SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.38 Pharmakologie AR 191 123-134 |
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Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases |
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title_full |
Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases |
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Klug, Lillian R. |
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Pharmacology & therapeutics |
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Pharmacology & therapeutics |
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Klug, Lillian R. Kent, Jason D. Heinrich, Michael C. |
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Klug, Lillian R. |
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10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.016 |
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610 |
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title_sort |
structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class iii receptor tyrosine kinases |
title_auth |
Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases |
abstract |
Mutations within the activation loop of members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily, which includes KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, have been observed in multiple human tumor types. These mutations confer constitutive activation as well as resistance to the type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that are currently clinically available, such as imatinib and sunitinib. It is now understood that activation loop mutations in class III RTKs shift the activation state equilibrium away from inactive states, to which type II TKIs bind, to the active state by destabilizing the inactive conformation. Recently, type I TKIs, which can bind to active kinase conformations, have been developed with specificity for class III RTK members. Some type I TKIs, such as crenolanib and avapritinib (BLU-285), have entered clinical studies for patients with activation loop mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or FLT3. Preliminary results suggest that these type I TKIs show activity in these patient populations that previously lacked effective treatments. This article reviews the inactive and active structures of KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, how the mutations seen in human cancers affect kinase structure, and the clinical implications of these mutations in terms of type I vs. type II TKI binding. |
abstractGer |
Mutations within the activation loop of members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily, which includes KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, have been observed in multiple human tumor types. These mutations confer constitutive activation as well as resistance to the type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that are currently clinically available, such as imatinib and sunitinib. It is now understood that activation loop mutations in class III RTKs shift the activation state equilibrium away from inactive states, to which type II TKIs bind, to the active state by destabilizing the inactive conformation. Recently, type I TKIs, which can bind to active kinase conformations, have been developed with specificity for class III RTK members. Some type I TKIs, such as crenolanib and avapritinib (BLU-285), have entered clinical studies for patients with activation loop mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or FLT3. Preliminary results suggest that these type I TKIs show activity in these patient populations that previously lacked effective treatments. This article reviews the inactive and active structures of KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, how the mutations seen in human cancers affect kinase structure, and the clinical implications of these mutations in terms of type I vs. type II TKI binding. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Mutations within the activation loop of members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily, which includes KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, have been observed in multiple human tumor types. These mutations confer constitutive activation as well as resistance to the type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that are currently clinically available, such as imatinib and sunitinib. It is now understood that activation loop mutations in class III RTKs shift the activation state equilibrium away from inactive states, to which type II TKIs bind, to the active state by destabilizing the inactive conformation. Recently, type I TKIs, which can bind to active kinase conformations, have been developed with specificity for class III RTK members. Some type I TKIs, such as crenolanib and avapritinib (BLU-285), have entered clinical studies for patients with activation loop mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or FLT3. Preliminary results suggest that these type I TKIs show activity in these patient populations that previously lacked effective treatments. This article reviews the inactive and active structures of KIT, PDGFRA, and FLT3, how the mutations seen in human cancers affect kinase structure, and the clinical implications of these mutations in terms of type I vs. type II TKI binding. |
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title_short |
Structural and clinical consequences of activation loop mutations in class III receptor tyrosine kinases |
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Kent, Jason D. Heinrich, Michael C. |
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up_date |
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