Seismic imaging in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE Iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data
Among geothermal exploration methods, active surface seismic methods have played only a minor role to date. Especially in high-temperature volcanic systems, reflection seismic data often reveal poor delineation of volcanic features, due to the internal heterogeneity of volcanic sequences. To enhance...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Kästner, Felix [verfasserIn] Giese, Rüdiger [verfasserIn] Planke, Sverre [verfasserIn] Millett, John M. [verfasserIn] Flóvenz, Ólafur G. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2018 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of volcanology and geothermal research - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976, 391 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:391 |
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.02.016 |
|---|
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ELV003776867 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Seismic imaging in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE Iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data |
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| 520 | |a Among geothermal exploration methods, active surface seismic methods have played only a minor role to date. Especially in high-temperature volcanic systems, reflection seismic data often reveal poor delineation of volcanic features, due to the internal heterogeneity of volcanic sequences. To enhance the vertical resolution, one possibility is the application of downhole seismic methods like vertical seismic profiling (VSP). A test experiment was carried out in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE-Iceland, to assess the ability of VSP to image subsurface structures, such as fractures, zones of high permeability, magmatic bodies, and zones of supercritical fluids and steam. Logging in such hostile environments is technical challenging in many aspects, but mainly due to the high temperature impact on the downhole electronic components of the measuring equipment. This requires a thorough pre-examination and implementation of the measurement, especially to avoid delays and tool failures. This paper presents results of zero- and far-offset VSP data from the K-18 borehole from within the Krafla caldera, which reveal good correlation with the surrounding lithology. The raw three-component seismic data display a good signal-to-noise ratio and dominant signal frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz, down to c. 2200 m depth, for air gun and explosive sources, respectively. A zero-offset source comparison was also conducted to assess the use of different impulsive sources for future VSP surveys in similar settings. By applying a standard VSP processing, we identified stratigraphic boundaries between lavas, hyaloclastites, and intrusions, which are in good agreement with existing well data. For the zero-offset VSP, both P- and S-wave velocity models were calculated and a depth-converted corridor stack was determined. In addition, multicomponent Kirchhoff depth migration and Fresnel volume migration were tested around the borehole. The 3D results are promising, but the specific shape and lateral extent of the reflectors could not be determined due to the restriction to only two sources and the insufficient spatial coverage (aperture). Our study demonstrates that vertical seismic profiles can clearly detect variations in the subsurface volcanic stratigraphy in high-temperature geothermal fields. A more detailed reservoir characterization can be achieved by further data integration, enhanced survey design including more source positions, and improved processing and imaging techniques, such as full-waveform inversion. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Vertical seismic profiling | |
| 650 | 4 | |a High-temperature | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geothermal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Iceland | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Krafla | |
| 650 | 4 | |a IMAGE | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Giese, Rüdiger |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Millett, John M. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Flóvenz, Ólafur G. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.02.016 doi (DE-627)ELV003776867 (ELSEVIER)S0377-0273(17)30466-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 550 DE-600 38.37 bkl 38.71 bkl Kästner, Felix verfasserin aut Seismic imaging in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE Iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Among geothermal exploration methods, active surface seismic methods have played only a minor role to date. Especially in high-temperature volcanic systems, reflection seismic data often reveal poor delineation of volcanic features, due to the internal heterogeneity of volcanic sequences. To enhance the vertical resolution, one possibility is the application of downhole seismic methods like vertical seismic profiling (VSP). A test experiment was carried out in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE-Iceland, to assess the ability of VSP to image subsurface structures, such as fractures, zones of high permeability, magmatic bodies, and zones of supercritical fluids and steam. Logging in such hostile environments is technical challenging in many aspects, but mainly due to the high temperature impact on the downhole electronic components of the measuring equipment. This requires a thorough pre-examination and implementation of the measurement, especially to avoid delays and tool failures. This paper presents results of zero- and far-offset VSP data from the K-18 borehole from within the Krafla caldera, which reveal good correlation with the surrounding lithology. The raw three-component seismic data display a good signal-to-noise ratio and dominant signal frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz, down to c. 2200 m depth, for air gun and explosive sources, respectively. A zero-offset source comparison was also conducted to assess the use of different impulsive sources for future VSP surveys in similar settings. By applying a standard VSP processing, we identified stratigraphic boundaries between lavas, hyaloclastites, and intrusions, which are in good agreement with existing well data. For the zero-offset VSP, both P- and S-wave velocity models were calculated and a depth-converted corridor stack was determined. In addition, multicomponent Kirchhoff depth migration and Fresnel volume migration were tested around the borehole. The 3D results are promising, but the specific shape and lateral extent of the reflectors could not be determined due to the restriction to only two sources and the insufficient spatial coverage (aperture). Our study demonstrates that vertical seismic profiles can clearly detect variations in the subsurface volcanic stratigraphy in high-temperature geothermal fields. A more detailed reservoir characterization can be achieved by further data integration, enhanced survey design including more source positions, and improved processing and imaging techniques, such as full-waveform inversion. Vertical seismic profiling High-temperature Geothermal Iceland Krafla IMAGE Giese, Rüdiger verfasserin aut Planke, Sverre verfasserin aut Millett, John M. verfasserin aut Flóvenz, Ólafur G. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of volcanology and geothermal research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976 391 Online-Ressource (DE-627)303393165 (DE-600)1494881-3 (DE-576)081952872 0377-0273 nnns volume:391 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 38.37 Magmatismus Vulkanologie 38.71 Geomagnetik Geoelektrik Geothermie AR 391 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.02.016 doi (DE-627)ELV003776867 (ELSEVIER)S0377-0273(17)30466-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 550 DE-600 38.37 bkl 38.71 bkl Kästner, Felix verfasserin aut Seismic imaging in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE Iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Among geothermal exploration methods, active surface seismic methods have played only a minor role to date. Especially in high-temperature volcanic systems, reflection seismic data often reveal poor delineation of volcanic features, due to the internal heterogeneity of volcanic sequences. To enhance the vertical resolution, one possibility is the application of downhole seismic methods like vertical seismic profiling (VSP). A test experiment was carried out in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE-Iceland, to assess the ability of VSP to image subsurface structures, such as fractures, zones of high permeability, magmatic bodies, and zones of supercritical fluids and steam. Logging in such hostile environments is technical challenging in many aspects, but mainly due to the high temperature impact on the downhole electronic components of the measuring equipment. This requires a thorough pre-examination and implementation of the measurement, especially to avoid delays and tool failures. This paper presents results of zero- and far-offset VSP data from the K-18 borehole from within the Krafla caldera, which reveal good correlation with the surrounding lithology. The raw three-component seismic data display a good signal-to-noise ratio and dominant signal frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz, down to c. 2200 m depth, for air gun and explosive sources, respectively. A zero-offset source comparison was also conducted to assess the use of different impulsive sources for future VSP surveys in similar settings. By applying a standard VSP processing, we identified stratigraphic boundaries between lavas, hyaloclastites, and intrusions, which are in good agreement with existing well data. For the zero-offset VSP, both P- and S-wave velocity models were calculated and a depth-converted corridor stack was determined. In addition, multicomponent Kirchhoff depth migration and Fresnel volume migration were tested around the borehole. The 3D results are promising, but the specific shape and lateral extent of the reflectors could not be determined due to the restriction to only two sources and the insufficient spatial coverage (aperture). Our study demonstrates that vertical seismic profiles can clearly detect variations in the subsurface volcanic stratigraphy in high-temperature geothermal fields. A more detailed reservoir characterization can be achieved by further data integration, enhanced survey design including more source positions, and improved processing and imaging techniques, such as full-waveform inversion. Vertical seismic profiling High-temperature Geothermal Iceland Krafla IMAGE Giese, Rüdiger verfasserin aut Planke, Sverre verfasserin aut Millett, John M. verfasserin aut Flóvenz, Ólafur G. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of volcanology and geothermal research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976 391 Online-Ressource (DE-627)303393165 (DE-600)1494881-3 (DE-576)081952872 0377-0273 nnns volume:391 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 38.37 Magmatismus Vulkanologie 38.71 Geomagnetik Geoelektrik Geothermie AR 391 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.02.016 doi (DE-627)ELV003776867 (ELSEVIER)S0377-0273(17)30466-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 550 DE-600 38.37 bkl 38.71 bkl Kästner, Felix verfasserin aut Seismic imaging in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE Iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Among geothermal exploration methods, active surface seismic methods have played only a minor role to date. Especially in high-temperature volcanic systems, reflection seismic data often reveal poor delineation of volcanic features, due to the internal heterogeneity of volcanic sequences. To enhance the vertical resolution, one possibility is the application of downhole seismic methods like vertical seismic profiling (VSP). A test experiment was carried out in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE-Iceland, to assess the ability of VSP to image subsurface structures, such as fractures, zones of high permeability, magmatic bodies, and zones of supercritical fluids and steam. Logging in such hostile environments is technical challenging in many aspects, but mainly due to the high temperature impact on the downhole electronic components of the measuring equipment. This requires a thorough pre-examination and implementation of the measurement, especially to avoid delays and tool failures. This paper presents results of zero- and far-offset VSP data from the K-18 borehole from within the Krafla caldera, which reveal good correlation with the surrounding lithology. The raw three-component seismic data display a good signal-to-noise ratio and dominant signal frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz, down to c. 2200 m depth, for air gun and explosive sources, respectively. A zero-offset source comparison was also conducted to assess the use of different impulsive sources for future VSP surveys in similar settings. By applying a standard VSP processing, we identified stratigraphic boundaries between lavas, hyaloclastites, and intrusions, which are in good agreement with existing well data. For the zero-offset VSP, both P- and S-wave velocity models were calculated and a depth-converted corridor stack was determined. In addition, multicomponent Kirchhoff depth migration and Fresnel volume migration were tested around the borehole. The 3D results are promising, but the specific shape and lateral extent of the reflectors could not be determined due to the restriction to only two sources and the insufficient spatial coverage (aperture). Our study demonstrates that vertical seismic profiles can clearly detect variations in the subsurface volcanic stratigraphy in high-temperature geothermal fields. A more detailed reservoir characterization can be achieved by further data integration, enhanced survey design including more source positions, and improved processing and imaging techniques, such as full-waveform inversion. Vertical seismic profiling High-temperature Geothermal Iceland Krafla IMAGE Giese, Rüdiger verfasserin aut Planke, Sverre verfasserin aut Millett, John M. verfasserin aut Flóvenz, Ólafur G. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of volcanology and geothermal research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976 391 Online-Ressource (DE-627)303393165 (DE-600)1494881-3 (DE-576)081952872 0377-0273 nnns volume:391 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 38.37 Magmatismus Vulkanologie 38.71 Geomagnetik Geoelektrik Geothermie AR 391 |
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10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.02.016 doi (DE-627)ELV003776867 (ELSEVIER)S0377-0273(17)30466-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 550 DE-600 38.37 bkl 38.71 bkl Kästner, Felix verfasserin aut Seismic imaging in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE Iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Among geothermal exploration methods, active surface seismic methods have played only a minor role to date. Especially in high-temperature volcanic systems, reflection seismic data often reveal poor delineation of volcanic features, due to the internal heterogeneity of volcanic sequences. To enhance the vertical resolution, one possibility is the application of downhole seismic methods like vertical seismic profiling (VSP). A test experiment was carried out in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE-Iceland, to assess the ability of VSP to image subsurface structures, such as fractures, zones of high permeability, magmatic bodies, and zones of supercritical fluids and steam. Logging in such hostile environments is technical challenging in many aspects, but mainly due to the high temperature impact on the downhole electronic components of the measuring equipment. This requires a thorough pre-examination and implementation of the measurement, especially to avoid delays and tool failures. This paper presents results of zero- and far-offset VSP data from the K-18 borehole from within the Krafla caldera, which reveal good correlation with the surrounding lithology. The raw three-component seismic data display a good signal-to-noise ratio and dominant signal frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz, down to c. 2200 m depth, for air gun and explosive sources, respectively. A zero-offset source comparison was also conducted to assess the use of different impulsive sources for future VSP surveys in similar settings. By applying a standard VSP processing, we identified stratigraphic boundaries between lavas, hyaloclastites, and intrusions, which are in good agreement with existing well data. For the zero-offset VSP, both P- and S-wave velocity models were calculated and a depth-converted corridor stack was determined. In addition, multicomponent Kirchhoff depth migration and Fresnel volume migration were tested around the borehole. The 3D results are promising, but the specific shape and lateral extent of the reflectors could not be determined due to the restriction to only two sources and the insufficient spatial coverage (aperture). Our study demonstrates that vertical seismic profiles can clearly detect variations in the subsurface volcanic stratigraphy in high-temperature geothermal fields. A more detailed reservoir characterization can be achieved by further data integration, enhanced survey design including more source positions, and improved processing and imaging techniques, such as full-waveform inversion. Vertical seismic profiling High-temperature Geothermal Iceland Krafla IMAGE Giese, Rüdiger verfasserin aut Planke, Sverre verfasserin aut Millett, John M. verfasserin aut Flóvenz, Ólafur G. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of volcanology and geothermal research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976 391 Online-Ressource (DE-627)303393165 (DE-600)1494881-3 (DE-576)081952872 0377-0273 nnns volume:391 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 38.37 Magmatismus Vulkanologie 38.71 Geomagnetik Geoelektrik Geothermie AR 391 |
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10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.02.016 doi (DE-627)ELV003776867 (ELSEVIER)S0377-0273(17)30466-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 550 DE-600 38.37 bkl 38.71 bkl Kästner, Felix verfasserin aut Seismic imaging in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE Iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data 2018 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Among geothermal exploration methods, active surface seismic methods have played only a minor role to date. Especially in high-temperature volcanic systems, reflection seismic data often reveal poor delineation of volcanic features, due to the internal heterogeneity of volcanic sequences. To enhance the vertical resolution, one possibility is the application of downhole seismic methods like vertical seismic profiling (VSP). A test experiment was carried out in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE-Iceland, to assess the ability of VSP to image subsurface structures, such as fractures, zones of high permeability, magmatic bodies, and zones of supercritical fluids and steam. Logging in such hostile environments is technical challenging in many aspects, but mainly due to the high temperature impact on the downhole electronic components of the measuring equipment. This requires a thorough pre-examination and implementation of the measurement, especially to avoid delays and tool failures. This paper presents results of zero- and far-offset VSP data from the K-18 borehole from within the Krafla caldera, which reveal good correlation with the surrounding lithology. The raw three-component seismic data display a good signal-to-noise ratio and dominant signal frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz, down to c. 2200 m depth, for air gun and explosive sources, respectively. A zero-offset source comparison was also conducted to assess the use of different impulsive sources for future VSP surveys in similar settings. By applying a standard VSP processing, we identified stratigraphic boundaries between lavas, hyaloclastites, and intrusions, which are in good agreement with existing well data. For the zero-offset VSP, both P- and S-wave velocity models were calculated and a depth-converted corridor stack was determined. In addition, multicomponent Kirchhoff depth migration and Fresnel volume migration were tested around the borehole. The 3D results are promising, but the specific shape and lateral extent of the reflectors could not be determined due to the restriction to only two sources and the insufficient spatial coverage (aperture). Our study demonstrates that vertical seismic profiles can clearly detect variations in the subsurface volcanic stratigraphy in high-temperature geothermal fields. A more detailed reservoir characterization can be achieved by further data integration, enhanced survey design including more source positions, and improved processing and imaging techniques, such as full-waveform inversion. Vertical seismic profiling High-temperature Geothermal Iceland Krafla IMAGE Giese, Rüdiger verfasserin aut Planke, Sverre verfasserin aut Millett, John M. verfasserin aut Flóvenz, Ólafur G. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of volcanology and geothermal research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976 391 Online-Ressource (DE-627)303393165 (DE-600)1494881-3 (DE-576)081952872 0377-0273 nnns volume:391 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 38.37 Magmatismus Vulkanologie 38.71 Geomagnetik Geoelektrik Geothermie AR 391 |
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Kästner, Felix @@aut@@ Giese, Rüdiger @@aut@@ Planke, Sverre @@aut@@ Millett, John M. @@aut@@ Flóvenz, Ólafur G. @@aut@@ |
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Kästner, Felix |
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Kästner, Felix ddc 550 bkl 38.37 bkl 38.71 misc Vertical seismic profiling misc High-temperature misc Geothermal misc Iceland misc Krafla misc IMAGE Seismic imaging in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE Iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data |
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550 DE-600 38.37 bkl 38.71 bkl Seismic imaging in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE Iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data Vertical seismic profiling High-temperature Geothermal Iceland Krafla IMAGE |
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Kästner, Felix Giese, Rüdiger Planke, Sverre Millett, John M. Flóvenz, Ólafur G. |
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seismic imaging in the krafla high-temperature geothermal field, ne iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (vsp) data |
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Seismic imaging in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE Iceland, using zero- and far-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data |
| abstract |
Among geothermal exploration methods, active surface seismic methods have played only a minor role to date. Especially in high-temperature volcanic systems, reflection seismic data often reveal poor delineation of volcanic features, due to the internal heterogeneity of volcanic sequences. To enhance the vertical resolution, one possibility is the application of downhole seismic methods like vertical seismic profiling (VSP). A test experiment was carried out in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE-Iceland, to assess the ability of VSP to image subsurface structures, such as fractures, zones of high permeability, magmatic bodies, and zones of supercritical fluids and steam. Logging in such hostile environments is technical challenging in many aspects, but mainly due to the high temperature impact on the downhole electronic components of the measuring equipment. This requires a thorough pre-examination and implementation of the measurement, especially to avoid delays and tool failures. This paper presents results of zero- and far-offset VSP data from the K-18 borehole from within the Krafla caldera, which reveal good correlation with the surrounding lithology. The raw three-component seismic data display a good signal-to-noise ratio and dominant signal frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz, down to c. 2200 m depth, for air gun and explosive sources, respectively. A zero-offset source comparison was also conducted to assess the use of different impulsive sources for future VSP surveys in similar settings. By applying a standard VSP processing, we identified stratigraphic boundaries between lavas, hyaloclastites, and intrusions, which are in good agreement with existing well data. For the zero-offset VSP, both P- and S-wave velocity models were calculated and a depth-converted corridor stack was determined. In addition, multicomponent Kirchhoff depth migration and Fresnel volume migration were tested around the borehole. The 3D results are promising, but the specific shape and lateral extent of the reflectors could not be determined due to the restriction to only two sources and the insufficient spatial coverage (aperture). Our study demonstrates that vertical seismic profiles can clearly detect variations in the subsurface volcanic stratigraphy in high-temperature geothermal fields. A more detailed reservoir characterization can be achieved by further data integration, enhanced survey design including more source positions, and improved processing and imaging techniques, such as full-waveform inversion. |
| abstractGer |
Among geothermal exploration methods, active surface seismic methods have played only a minor role to date. Especially in high-temperature volcanic systems, reflection seismic data often reveal poor delineation of volcanic features, due to the internal heterogeneity of volcanic sequences. To enhance the vertical resolution, one possibility is the application of downhole seismic methods like vertical seismic profiling (VSP). A test experiment was carried out in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE-Iceland, to assess the ability of VSP to image subsurface structures, such as fractures, zones of high permeability, magmatic bodies, and zones of supercritical fluids and steam. Logging in such hostile environments is technical challenging in many aspects, but mainly due to the high temperature impact on the downhole electronic components of the measuring equipment. This requires a thorough pre-examination and implementation of the measurement, especially to avoid delays and tool failures. This paper presents results of zero- and far-offset VSP data from the K-18 borehole from within the Krafla caldera, which reveal good correlation with the surrounding lithology. The raw three-component seismic data display a good signal-to-noise ratio and dominant signal frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz, down to c. 2200 m depth, for air gun and explosive sources, respectively. A zero-offset source comparison was also conducted to assess the use of different impulsive sources for future VSP surveys in similar settings. By applying a standard VSP processing, we identified stratigraphic boundaries between lavas, hyaloclastites, and intrusions, which are in good agreement with existing well data. For the zero-offset VSP, both P- and S-wave velocity models were calculated and a depth-converted corridor stack was determined. In addition, multicomponent Kirchhoff depth migration and Fresnel volume migration were tested around the borehole. The 3D results are promising, but the specific shape and lateral extent of the reflectors could not be determined due to the restriction to only two sources and the insufficient spatial coverage (aperture). Our study demonstrates that vertical seismic profiles can clearly detect variations in the subsurface volcanic stratigraphy in high-temperature geothermal fields. A more detailed reservoir characterization can be achieved by further data integration, enhanced survey design including more source positions, and improved processing and imaging techniques, such as full-waveform inversion. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Among geothermal exploration methods, active surface seismic methods have played only a minor role to date. Especially in high-temperature volcanic systems, reflection seismic data often reveal poor delineation of volcanic features, due to the internal heterogeneity of volcanic sequences. To enhance the vertical resolution, one possibility is the application of downhole seismic methods like vertical seismic profiling (VSP). A test experiment was carried out in the Krafla high-temperature geothermal field, NE-Iceland, to assess the ability of VSP to image subsurface structures, such as fractures, zones of high permeability, magmatic bodies, and zones of supercritical fluids and steam. Logging in such hostile environments is technical challenging in many aspects, but mainly due to the high temperature impact on the downhole electronic components of the measuring equipment. This requires a thorough pre-examination and implementation of the measurement, especially to avoid delays and tool failures. This paper presents results of zero- and far-offset VSP data from the K-18 borehole from within the Krafla caldera, which reveal good correlation with the surrounding lithology. The raw three-component seismic data display a good signal-to-noise ratio and dominant signal frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz, down to c. 2200 m depth, for air gun and explosive sources, respectively. A zero-offset source comparison was also conducted to assess the use of different impulsive sources for future VSP surveys in similar settings. By applying a standard VSP processing, we identified stratigraphic boundaries between lavas, hyaloclastites, and intrusions, which are in good agreement with existing well data. For the zero-offset VSP, both P- and S-wave velocity models were calculated and a depth-converted corridor stack was determined. In addition, multicomponent Kirchhoff depth migration and Fresnel volume migration were tested around the borehole. The 3D results are promising, but the specific shape and lateral extent of the reflectors could not be determined due to the restriction to only two sources and the insufficient spatial coverage (aperture). Our study demonstrates that vertical seismic profiles can clearly detect variations in the subsurface volcanic stratigraphy in high-temperature geothermal fields. A more detailed reservoir characterization can be achieved by further data integration, enhanced survey design including more source positions, and improved processing and imaging techniques, such as full-waveform inversion. |
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| score |
7.400179 |