Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information
A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established meth...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Rommel, D.P. [verfasserIn] Di Maio, D. [verfasserIn] Tinga, T. [verfasserIn] |
---|
Format: |
E-Artikel |
---|---|
Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2020 |
---|
Schlagwörter: |
Transformer hot spot temperature |
---|
Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: International journal of electrical power & energy systems - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979, 124 |
---|---|
Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:124 |
DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340 |
---|
Katalog-ID: |
ELV00467619X |
---|
LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | ELV00467619X | ||
003 | DE-627 | ||
005 | 20230524152609.0 | ||
007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 230503s2020 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340 |2 doi | |
035 | |a (DE-627)ELV00467619X | ||
035 | |a (ELSEVIER)S0142-0615(20)30867-X | ||
040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rda | ||
041 | |a eng | ||
082 | 0 | 4 | |a 620 |q DE-600 |
084 | |a 53.30 |2 bkl | ||
100 | 1 | |a Rommel, D.P. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information |
264 | 1 | |c 2020 | |
336 | |a nicht spezifiziert |b zzz |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
520 | |a A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature. | ||
650 | 4 | |a Transformer hot spot temperature | |
650 | 4 | |a Transformer loss calculation | |
650 | 4 | |a Transformer temperature distribution | |
650 | 4 | |a Transformer vector diagram | |
650 | 4 | |a Virtual twin | |
700 | 1 | |a Di Maio, D. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Tinga, T. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t International journal of electrical power & energy systems |d Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 |g 124 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)320411907 |w (DE-600)2001425-9 |w (DE-576)259271101 |x 0142-0615 |7 nnns |
773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:124 |
912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_U | ||
912 | |a SYSFLAG_U | ||
912 | |a GBV_ELV | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_20 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_22 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_23 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_24 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_31 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_32 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_40 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_60 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_62 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_63 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_65 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_69 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_70 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_73 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_74 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_90 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_95 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_100 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_105 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_110 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_150 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_151 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_187 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_213 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_224 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_230 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_370 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_602 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_702 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2001 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2003 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2004 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2005 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2007 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2008 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2009 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2010 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2011 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2014 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2015 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2020 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2021 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2025 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2026 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2027 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2034 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2038 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2044 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2048 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2049 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2050 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2055 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2056 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2059 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2061 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2064 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2065 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2068 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2088 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2106 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2110 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2111 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2112 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2113 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2118 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2122 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2129 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2143 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2147 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2148 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2152 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2153 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2190 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2232 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2336 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2470 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2507 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2522 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4035 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4037 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4112 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4125 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4126 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4242 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4249 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4251 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4305 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4306 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4307 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4313 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4322 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4323 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4324 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4325 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4326 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4333 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4334 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4335 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4338 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4393 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4700 | ||
936 | b | k | |a 53.30 |j Elektrische Energietechnik: Allgemeines |
951 | |a AR | ||
952 | |d 124 |
author_variant |
d r dr m d d md mdd t t tt |
---|---|
matchkey_str |
article:01420615:2020----::rnfrehtpteprtrpeitobsdnai |
hierarchy_sort_str |
2020 |
bklnumber |
53.30 |
publishDate |
2020 |
allfields |
10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340 doi (DE-627)ELV00467619X (ELSEVIER)S0142-0615(20)30867-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 620 DE-600 53.30 bkl Rommel, D.P. verfasserin aut Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature. Transformer hot spot temperature Transformer loss calculation Transformer temperature distribution Transformer vector diagram Virtual twin Di Maio, D. verfasserin aut Tinga, T. verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of electrical power & energy systems Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 124 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320411907 (DE-600)2001425-9 (DE-576)259271101 0142-0615 nnns volume:124 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 53.30 Elektrische Energietechnik: Allgemeines AR 124 |
spelling |
10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340 doi (DE-627)ELV00467619X (ELSEVIER)S0142-0615(20)30867-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 620 DE-600 53.30 bkl Rommel, D.P. verfasserin aut Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature. Transformer hot spot temperature Transformer loss calculation Transformer temperature distribution Transformer vector diagram Virtual twin Di Maio, D. verfasserin aut Tinga, T. verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of electrical power & energy systems Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 124 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320411907 (DE-600)2001425-9 (DE-576)259271101 0142-0615 nnns volume:124 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 53.30 Elektrische Energietechnik: Allgemeines AR 124 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340 doi (DE-627)ELV00467619X (ELSEVIER)S0142-0615(20)30867-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 620 DE-600 53.30 bkl Rommel, D.P. verfasserin aut Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature. Transformer hot spot temperature Transformer loss calculation Transformer temperature distribution Transformer vector diagram Virtual twin Di Maio, D. verfasserin aut Tinga, T. verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of electrical power & energy systems Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 124 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320411907 (DE-600)2001425-9 (DE-576)259271101 0142-0615 nnns volume:124 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 53.30 Elektrische Energietechnik: Allgemeines AR 124 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340 doi (DE-627)ELV00467619X (ELSEVIER)S0142-0615(20)30867-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 620 DE-600 53.30 bkl Rommel, D.P. verfasserin aut Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature. Transformer hot spot temperature Transformer loss calculation Transformer temperature distribution Transformer vector diagram Virtual twin Di Maio, D. verfasserin aut Tinga, T. verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of electrical power & energy systems Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 124 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320411907 (DE-600)2001425-9 (DE-576)259271101 0142-0615 nnns volume:124 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 53.30 Elektrische Energietechnik: Allgemeines AR 124 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340 doi (DE-627)ELV00467619X (ELSEVIER)S0142-0615(20)30867-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 620 DE-600 53.30 bkl Rommel, D.P. verfasserin aut Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature. Transformer hot spot temperature Transformer loss calculation Transformer temperature distribution Transformer vector diagram Virtual twin Di Maio, D. verfasserin aut Tinga, T. verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of electrical power & energy systems Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979 124 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320411907 (DE-600)2001425-9 (DE-576)259271101 0142-0615 nnns volume:124 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 53.30 Elektrische Energietechnik: Allgemeines AR 124 |
language |
English |
source |
Enthalten in International journal of electrical power & energy systems 124 volume:124 |
sourceStr |
Enthalten in International journal of electrical power & energy systems 124 volume:124 |
format_phy_str_mv |
Article |
bklname |
Elektrische Energietechnik: Allgemeines |
institution |
findex.gbv.de |
topic_facet |
Transformer hot spot temperature Transformer loss calculation Transformer temperature distribution Transformer vector diagram Virtual twin |
dewey-raw |
620 |
isfreeaccess_bool |
false |
container_title |
International journal of electrical power & energy systems |
authorswithroles_txt_mv |
Rommel, D.P. @@aut@@ Di Maio, D. @@aut@@ Tinga, T. @@aut@@ |
publishDateDaySort_date |
2020-01-01T00:00:00Z |
hierarchy_top_id |
320411907 |
dewey-sort |
3620 |
id |
ELV00467619X |
language_de |
englisch |
fullrecord |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV00467619X</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230524152609.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230503s2020 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV00467619X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0142-0615(20)30867-X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">620</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-600</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">53.30</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rommel, D.P.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Transformer hot spot temperature</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Transformer loss calculation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Transformer temperature distribution</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Transformer vector diagram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Virtual twin</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Di Maio, D.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tinga, T.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">International journal of electrical power & energy systems</subfield><subfield code="d">Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979</subfield><subfield code="g">124</subfield><subfield code="h">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)320411907</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2001425-9</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)259271101</subfield><subfield code="x">0142-0615</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:124</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ELV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_31</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_32</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_90</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_100</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_150</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_187</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_224</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_702</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2001</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2005</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2007</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2008</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2009</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2025</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2026</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2027</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2038</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2044</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2048</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2049</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2050</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2055</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2056</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2059</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2061</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2064</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2065</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2068</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2088</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2106</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2111</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2113</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2118</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2122</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2129</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2143</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2147</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2148</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2152</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2153</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2190</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2232</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2336</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2470</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2507</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2522</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4035</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4242</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4251</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4307</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4326</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4333</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4334</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4393</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4700</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="b" ind2="k"><subfield code="a">53.30</subfield><subfield code="j">Elektrische Energietechnik: Allgemeines</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">124</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
|
author |
Rommel, D.P. |
spellingShingle |
Rommel, D.P. ddc 620 bkl 53.30 misc Transformer hot spot temperature misc Transformer loss calculation misc Transformer temperature distribution misc Transformer vector diagram misc Virtual twin Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information |
authorStr |
Rommel, D.P. |
ppnlink_with_tag_str_mv |
@@773@@(DE-627)320411907 |
format |
electronic Article |
dewey-ones |
620 - Engineering & allied operations |
delete_txt_mv |
keep |
author_role |
aut aut aut |
collection |
elsevier |
remote_str |
true |
illustrated |
Not Illustrated |
issn |
0142-0615 |
topic_title |
620 DE-600 53.30 bkl Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information Transformer hot spot temperature Transformer loss calculation Transformer temperature distribution Transformer vector diagram Virtual twin |
topic |
ddc 620 bkl 53.30 misc Transformer hot spot temperature misc Transformer loss calculation misc Transformer temperature distribution misc Transformer vector diagram misc Virtual twin |
topic_unstemmed |
ddc 620 bkl 53.30 misc Transformer hot spot temperature misc Transformer loss calculation misc Transformer temperature distribution misc Transformer vector diagram misc Virtual twin |
topic_browse |
ddc 620 bkl 53.30 misc Transformer hot spot temperature misc Transformer loss calculation misc Transformer temperature distribution misc Transformer vector diagram misc Virtual twin |
format_facet |
Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource |
format_main_str_mv |
Text Zeitschrift/Artikel |
carriertype_str_mv |
cr |
hierarchy_parent_title |
International journal of electrical power & energy systems |
hierarchy_parent_id |
320411907 |
dewey-tens |
620 - Engineering |
hierarchy_top_title |
International journal of electrical power & energy systems |
isfreeaccess_txt |
false |
familylinks_str_mv |
(DE-627)320411907 (DE-600)2001425-9 (DE-576)259271101 |
title |
Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information |
ctrlnum |
(DE-627)ELV00467619X (ELSEVIER)S0142-0615(20)30867-X |
title_full |
Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information |
author_sort |
Rommel, D.P. |
journal |
International journal of electrical power & energy systems |
journalStr |
International journal of electrical power & energy systems |
lang_code |
eng |
isOA_bool |
false |
dewey-hundreds |
600 - Technology |
recordtype |
marc |
publishDateSort |
2020 |
contenttype_str_mv |
zzz |
author_browse |
Rommel, D.P. Di Maio, D. Tinga, T. |
container_volume |
124 |
class |
620 DE-600 53.30 bkl |
format_se |
Elektronische Aufsätze |
author-letter |
Rommel, D.P. |
doi_str_mv |
10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340 |
dewey-full |
620 |
author2-role |
verfasserin |
title_sort |
transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information |
title_auth |
Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information |
abstract |
A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature. |
abstractGer |
A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature. |
abstract_unstemmed |
A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature. |
collection_details |
GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 |
title_short |
Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information |
remote_bool |
true |
author2 |
Di Maio, D. Tinga, T. |
author2Str |
Di Maio, D. Tinga, T. |
ppnlink |
320411907 |
mediatype_str_mv |
c |
isOA_txt |
false |
hochschulschrift_bool |
false |
doi_str |
10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340 |
up_date |
2024-07-06T23:47:24.654Z |
_version_ |
1803875405954809856 |
fullrecord_marcxml |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV00467619X</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230524152609.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230503s2020 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106340</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV00467619X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0142-0615(20)30867-X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">620</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-600</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">53.30</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rommel, D.P.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Transformer hot spot temperature prediction based on basic operator information</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">A power transformer is an important component in power trains and electrical distribution networks. Predicting its life time is desirable, especially, if a zero downtime policy is applied. However, end customers often have to deal with a lack of information and cannot always use the established methods for life time prediction. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative way to calculate the hot spot temperature and thus, the life time of power transformers based on limited information, i.e. transformer rating information and rms current and voltage measurements (including phase angles). The transformer hot spot temperature is derived from the transformer losses and a virtual twin. Therefore, the paper provides methods i) to evaluate the separate transformer losses, i.e. core, winding and stray losses, ii) to create a simple virtual transformer twin and iii) to calculate the temperature distribution in the transformer windings and thus, the hot spot temperature. The methods are applied to one phase of a 154 kV, 15MVA power transformer. It is shown that the calculated losses and hot spot temperature matches with winding measurements available in literature.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Transformer hot spot temperature</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Transformer loss calculation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Transformer temperature distribution</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Transformer vector diagram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Virtual twin</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Di Maio, D.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tinga, T.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">International journal of electrical power & energy systems</subfield><subfield code="d">Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1979</subfield><subfield code="g">124</subfield><subfield code="h">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)320411907</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2001425-9</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)259271101</subfield><subfield code="x">0142-0615</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:124</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ELV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_31</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_32</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_90</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_100</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_150</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_187</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_224</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_702</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2001</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2005</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2007</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2008</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2009</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2025</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2026</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2027</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2038</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2044</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2048</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2049</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2050</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2055</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2056</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2059</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2061</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2064</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2065</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2068</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2088</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2106</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2111</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2113</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2118</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2122</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2129</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2143</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2147</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2148</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2152</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2153</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2190</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2232</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2336</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2470</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2507</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2522</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4035</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4242</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4251</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4307</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4326</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4333</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4334</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4393</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4700</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="b" ind2="k"><subfield code="a">53.30</subfield><subfield code="j">Elektrische Energietechnik: Allgemeines</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">124</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
|
score |
7.3977413 |