The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review

This systematic review summarized literature data on the nutritional composition of tropical legume forages fed to cattle, sheep and, goats, explaining the nutritional variation between legumes depending on their growth habit (i.e. herbs, shrubs, trees) and the form in which they are fed to the rumi...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Castro-Montoya, J.M. [verfasserIn] Dickhoefer, U. [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	Tropical legumes Herbs Shrubs Trees Form of feeding Nutritive value

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Animal feed science and technology - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976, 269
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:269

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114641

Katalog-ID:	ELV004860012

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publishDate	2020
allfields	10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114641 doi (DE-627)ELV004860012 (ELSEVIER)S0377-8401(20)30545-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 630 640 DE-600 48.61 bkl Castro-Montoya, J.M. verfasserin aut The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This systematic review summarized literature data on the nutritional composition of tropical legume forages fed to cattle, sheep and, goats, explaining the nutritional variation between legumes depending on their growth habit (i.e. herbs, shrubs, trees) and the form in which they are fed to the ruminant (i.e. fresh, hay, silage, haulm). One-hundred and eleven legume species were recorded from 399 in vivo studies, reflecting the diversity inherent to the tropics. However, those figures also reflect that, different to temperate legumes, research in tropical forages spreads across a large number of legume species, opposite to focusing on a limited number of promising species. Tree legumes had higher crude protein and lower fiber concentration than herbs and shrubs, likely because leaves and young stems are fed from trees. Herbs had a lower concentration of lignin than both shrub and tree legumes. Lignin concentration was higher in legumes, compared with tropical grasses, particularly for trees and shrubs. Lignin appears to limit in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolisable energy of legumes, hampering their potential as feed. High nutrients losses appeared when legumes were fed as hay or exclusively legume silage. Fiber-bound nitrogen was greater in shrubs and trees than in grasses, and was increased by the process of hay-making. From the perspective of the nutritional value herb legumes appear to be the most promising as forage materials. Limited information was found for minerals other than Ca and P, and for protein- and carbohydrate-fractions, starch, indigestible-NDF, pectin, or amino acids, indicating future research avenues for a complete evaluation of tropical legumes as feed resources. Tropical legumes Herbs Shrubs Trees Form of feeding Nutritive value Dickhoefer, U. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Animal feed science and technology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976 269 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306311321 (DE-600)1495847-8 (DE-576)090954378 0377-8401 nnns volume:269 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 48.61 Tierernährung Tierfutter AR 269
spelling	10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114641 doi (DE-627)ELV004860012 (ELSEVIER)S0377-8401(20)30545-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 630 640 DE-600 48.61 bkl Castro-Montoya, J.M. verfasserin aut The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This systematic review summarized literature data on the nutritional composition of tropical legume forages fed to cattle, sheep and, goats, explaining the nutritional variation between legumes depending on their growth habit (i.e. herbs, shrubs, trees) and the form in which they are fed to the ruminant (i.e. fresh, hay, silage, haulm). One-hundred and eleven legume species were recorded from 399 in vivo studies, reflecting the diversity inherent to the tropics. However, those figures also reflect that, different to temperate legumes, research in tropical forages spreads across a large number of legume species, opposite to focusing on a limited number of promising species. Tree legumes had higher crude protein and lower fiber concentration than herbs and shrubs, likely because leaves and young stems are fed from trees. Herbs had a lower concentration of lignin than both shrub and tree legumes. Lignin concentration was higher in legumes, compared with tropical grasses, particularly for trees and shrubs. Lignin appears to limit in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolisable energy of legumes, hampering their potential as feed. High nutrients losses appeared when legumes were fed as hay or exclusively legume silage. Fiber-bound nitrogen was greater in shrubs and trees than in grasses, and was increased by the process of hay-making. From the perspective of the nutritional value herb legumes appear to be the most promising as forage materials. Limited information was found for minerals other than Ca and P, and for protein- and carbohydrate-fractions, starch, indigestible-NDF, pectin, or amino acids, indicating future research avenues for a complete evaluation of tropical legumes as feed resources. Tropical legumes Herbs Shrubs Trees Form of feeding Nutritive value Dickhoefer, U. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Animal feed science and technology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976 269 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306311321 (DE-600)1495847-8 (DE-576)090954378 0377-8401 nnns volume:269 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 48.61 Tierernährung Tierfutter AR 269
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114641 doi (DE-627)ELV004860012 (ELSEVIER)S0377-8401(20)30545-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 630 640 DE-600 48.61 bkl Castro-Montoya, J.M. verfasserin aut The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This systematic review summarized literature data on the nutritional composition of tropical legume forages fed to cattle, sheep and, goats, explaining the nutritional variation between legumes depending on their growth habit (i.e. herbs, shrubs, trees) and the form in which they are fed to the ruminant (i.e. fresh, hay, silage, haulm). One-hundred and eleven legume species were recorded from 399 in vivo studies, reflecting the diversity inherent to the tropics. However, those figures also reflect that, different to temperate legumes, research in tropical forages spreads across a large number of legume species, opposite to focusing on a limited number of promising species. Tree legumes had higher crude protein and lower fiber concentration than herbs and shrubs, likely because leaves and young stems are fed from trees. Herbs had a lower concentration of lignin than both shrub and tree legumes. Lignin concentration was higher in legumes, compared with tropical grasses, particularly for trees and shrubs. Lignin appears to limit in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolisable energy of legumes, hampering their potential as feed. High nutrients losses appeared when legumes were fed as hay or exclusively legume silage. Fiber-bound nitrogen was greater in shrubs and trees than in grasses, and was increased by the process of hay-making. From the perspective of the nutritional value herb legumes appear to be the most promising as forage materials. Limited information was found for minerals other than Ca and P, and for protein- and carbohydrate-fractions, starch, indigestible-NDF, pectin, or amino acids, indicating future research avenues for a complete evaluation of tropical legumes as feed resources. Tropical legumes Herbs Shrubs Trees Form of feeding Nutritive value Dickhoefer, U. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Animal feed science and technology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976 269 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306311321 (DE-600)1495847-8 (DE-576)090954378 0377-8401 nnns volume:269 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 48.61 Tierernährung Tierfutter AR 269
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114641 doi (DE-627)ELV004860012 (ELSEVIER)S0377-8401(20)30545-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 630 640 DE-600 48.61 bkl Castro-Montoya, J.M. verfasserin aut The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This systematic review summarized literature data on the nutritional composition of tropical legume forages fed to cattle, sheep and, goats, explaining the nutritional variation between legumes depending on their growth habit (i.e. herbs, shrubs, trees) and the form in which they are fed to the ruminant (i.e. fresh, hay, silage, haulm). One-hundred and eleven legume species were recorded from 399 in vivo studies, reflecting the diversity inherent to the tropics. However, those figures also reflect that, different to temperate legumes, research in tropical forages spreads across a large number of legume species, opposite to focusing on a limited number of promising species. Tree legumes had higher crude protein and lower fiber concentration than herbs and shrubs, likely because leaves and young stems are fed from trees. Herbs had a lower concentration of lignin than both shrub and tree legumes. Lignin concentration was higher in legumes, compared with tropical grasses, particularly for trees and shrubs. Lignin appears to limit in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolisable energy of legumes, hampering their potential as feed. High nutrients losses appeared when legumes were fed as hay or exclusively legume silage. Fiber-bound nitrogen was greater in shrubs and trees than in grasses, and was increased by the process of hay-making. From the perspective of the nutritional value herb legumes appear to be the most promising as forage materials. Limited information was found for minerals other than Ca and P, and for protein- and carbohydrate-fractions, starch, indigestible-NDF, pectin, or amino acids, indicating future research avenues for a complete evaluation of tropical legumes as feed resources. Tropical legumes Herbs Shrubs Trees Form of feeding Nutritive value Dickhoefer, U. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Animal feed science and technology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976 269 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306311321 (DE-600)1495847-8 (DE-576)090954378 0377-8401 nnns volume:269 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 48.61 Tierernährung Tierfutter AR 269
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114641 doi (DE-627)ELV004860012 (ELSEVIER)S0377-8401(20)30545-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 630 640 DE-600 48.61 bkl Castro-Montoya, J.M. verfasserin aut The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This systematic review summarized literature data on the nutritional composition of tropical legume forages fed to cattle, sheep and, goats, explaining the nutritional variation between legumes depending on their growth habit (i.e. herbs, shrubs, trees) and the form in which they are fed to the ruminant (i.e. fresh, hay, silage, haulm). One-hundred and eleven legume species were recorded from 399 in vivo studies, reflecting the diversity inherent to the tropics. However, those figures also reflect that, different to temperate legumes, research in tropical forages spreads across a large number of legume species, opposite to focusing on a limited number of promising species. Tree legumes had higher crude protein and lower fiber concentration than herbs and shrubs, likely because leaves and young stems are fed from trees. Herbs had a lower concentration of lignin than both shrub and tree legumes. Lignin concentration was higher in legumes, compared with tropical grasses, particularly for trees and shrubs. Lignin appears to limit in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolisable energy of legumes, hampering their potential as feed. High nutrients losses appeared when legumes were fed as hay or exclusively legume silage. Fiber-bound nitrogen was greater in shrubs and trees than in grasses, and was increased by the process of hay-making. From the perspective of the nutritional value herb legumes appear to be the most promising as forage materials. Limited information was found for minerals other than Ca and P, and for protein- and carbohydrate-fractions, starch, indigestible-NDF, pectin, or amino acids, indicating future research avenues for a complete evaluation of tropical legumes as feed resources. Tropical legumes Herbs Shrubs Trees Form of feeding Nutritive value Dickhoefer, U. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Animal feed science and technology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1976 269 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306311321 (DE-600)1495847-8 (DE-576)090954378 0377-8401 nnns volume:269 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 48.61 Tierernährung Tierfutter AR 269
language	English
source	Enthalten in Animal feed science and technology 269 volume:269
sourceStr	Enthalten in Animal feed science and technology 269 volume:269
format_phy_str_mv	Article
bklname	Tierernährung Tierfutter
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Tropical legumes Herbs Shrubs Trees Form of feeding Nutritive value
dewey-raw	630
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Animal feed science and technology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Castro-Montoya, J.M. @@aut@@ Dickhoefer, U. @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	306311321
dewey-sort	3630
id	ELV004860012
language_de	englisch
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author	Castro-Montoya, J.M.
spellingShingle	Castro-Montoya, J.M. ddc 630 bkl 48.61 misc Tropical legumes misc Herbs misc Shrubs misc Trees misc Form of feeding misc Nutritive value The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review
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title	The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review
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title_full	The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review
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title_sort	the nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: a systematic review
title_auth	The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review
abstract	This systematic review summarized literature data on the nutritional composition of tropical legume forages fed to cattle, sheep and, goats, explaining the nutritional variation between legumes depending on their growth habit (i.e. herbs, shrubs, trees) and the form in which they are fed to the ruminant (i.e. fresh, hay, silage, haulm). One-hundred and eleven legume species were recorded from 399 in vivo studies, reflecting the diversity inherent to the tropics. However, those figures also reflect that, different to temperate legumes, research in tropical forages spreads across a large number of legume species, opposite to focusing on a limited number of promising species. Tree legumes had higher crude protein and lower fiber concentration than herbs and shrubs, likely because leaves and young stems are fed from trees. Herbs had a lower concentration of lignin than both shrub and tree legumes. Lignin concentration was higher in legumes, compared with tropical grasses, particularly for trees and shrubs. Lignin appears to limit in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolisable energy of legumes, hampering their potential as feed. High nutrients losses appeared when legumes were fed as hay or exclusively legume silage. Fiber-bound nitrogen was greater in shrubs and trees than in grasses, and was increased by the process of hay-making. From the perspective of the nutritional value herb legumes appear to be the most promising as forage materials. Limited information was found for minerals other than Ca and P, and for protein- and carbohydrate-fractions, starch, indigestible-NDF, pectin, or amino acids, indicating future research avenues for a complete evaluation of tropical legumes as feed resources.
abstractGer	This systematic review summarized literature data on the nutritional composition of tropical legume forages fed to cattle, sheep and, goats, explaining the nutritional variation between legumes depending on their growth habit (i.e. herbs, shrubs, trees) and the form in which they are fed to the ruminant (i.e. fresh, hay, silage, haulm). One-hundred and eleven legume species were recorded from 399 in vivo studies, reflecting the diversity inherent to the tropics. However, those figures also reflect that, different to temperate legumes, research in tropical forages spreads across a large number of legume species, opposite to focusing on a limited number of promising species. Tree legumes had higher crude protein and lower fiber concentration than herbs and shrubs, likely because leaves and young stems are fed from trees. Herbs had a lower concentration of lignin than both shrub and tree legumes. Lignin concentration was higher in legumes, compared with tropical grasses, particularly for trees and shrubs. Lignin appears to limit in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolisable energy of legumes, hampering their potential as feed. High nutrients losses appeared when legumes were fed as hay or exclusively legume silage. Fiber-bound nitrogen was greater in shrubs and trees than in grasses, and was increased by the process of hay-making. From the perspective of the nutritional value herb legumes appear to be the most promising as forage materials. Limited information was found for minerals other than Ca and P, and for protein- and carbohydrate-fractions, starch, indigestible-NDF, pectin, or amino acids, indicating future research avenues for a complete evaluation of tropical legumes as feed resources.
abstract_unstemmed	This systematic review summarized literature data on the nutritional composition of tropical legume forages fed to cattle, sheep and, goats, explaining the nutritional variation between legumes depending on their growth habit (i.e. herbs, shrubs, trees) and the form in which they are fed to the ruminant (i.e. fresh, hay, silage, haulm). One-hundred and eleven legume species were recorded from 399 in vivo studies, reflecting the diversity inherent to the tropics. However, those figures also reflect that, different to temperate legumes, research in tropical forages spreads across a large number of legume species, opposite to focusing on a limited number of promising species. Tree legumes had higher crude protein and lower fiber concentration than herbs and shrubs, likely because leaves and young stems are fed from trees. Herbs had a lower concentration of lignin than both shrub and tree legumes. Lignin concentration was higher in legumes, compared with tropical grasses, particularly for trees and shrubs. Lignin appears to limit in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolisable energy of legumes, hampering their potential as feed. High nutrients losses appeared when legumes were fed as hay or exclusively legume silage. Fiber-bound nitrogen was greater in shrubs and trees than in grasses, and was increased by the process of hay-making. From the perspective of the nutritional value herb legumes appear to be the most promising as forage materials. Limited information was found for minerals other than Ca and P, and for protein- and carbohydrate-fractions, starch, indigestible-NDF, pectin, or amino acids, indicating future research avenues for a complete evaluation of tropical legumes as feed resources.
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title_short	The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review
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The nutritional value of tropical legume forages fed to ruminants as affected by their growth habit and fed form: A systematic review

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