Health system reforms in China a half century apart: Continuity but adaptation
Well-functioning governance arrangements are an essential, but often overlooked or poorly understood contributor to high quality health systems. Yet governance systems are embedded in institutional structures and shaped by cultural norms that can be difficult to change. We look at a country that has...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Yuan, Beibei [verfasserIn] Jian, Weiyan [verfasserIn] Martinez-Alvarez, Melisa [verfasserIn] McKee, Martin [verfasserIn] Balabanova, Dina [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2020 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Social science & medicine - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967, 265 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:265 |
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113421 |
|---|
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ELV005204321 |
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| 520 | |a Well-functioning governance arrangements are an essential, but often overlooked or poorly understood contributor to high quality health systems. Yet governance systems are embedded in institutional structures and shaped by cultural norms that can be difficult to change. We look at a country that has implemented two major health system reforms separated by half a century during which it has undergone remarkable political, economic, and social change. These are the Chinese Patriotic Health Campaign (PHC), beginning in the 1950s, and the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), in the 2000s. We use these as case studies to explore how governance arrangements supported the design and implementation of policies implemented on a large scale in these quite different contexts. Drawing on review of archival documents, published literature, and semi-structured interviews with key policy makers, we conclude that few aspects of governance underwent fundamental changes. In both periods, the policy design stage included encouragement of sub-national tiers of government to pilot policy options, accumulate evidence, and disseminate it to others facing similar challenges, all facilitated by clear lines of accountability and a willingness by those at the top of the hierarchy to learn lessons from lower levels. At the implementation stage, rapid scaling up benefitted from leadership by national institutions that could enact regulations and set policy goals and targets for lower tiers of government, evaluating the performance of local government officers in terms of their ability to implement policy, while encouraging local government to pilot innovative measures. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed understanding of governance and how it is shaped by context, demonstrating continuity over long periods even at times of major social, political, and economic change. This understanding can inform future policy development in China and measures to strengthen governance aspects of reforms elsewhere. | ||
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10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113421 doi (DE-627)ELV005204321 (ELSEVIER)S0277-9536(20)30640-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 300 610 DE-600 44.06 bkl Yuan, Beibei verfasserin aut Health system reforms in China a half century apart: Continuity but adaptation 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Well-functioning governance arrangements are an essential, but often overlooked or poorly understood contributor to high quality health systems. Yet governance systems are embedded in institutional structures and shaped by cultural norms that can be difficult to change. We look at a country that has implemented two major health system reforms separated by half a century during which it has undergone remarkable political, economic, and social change. These are the Chinese Patriotic Health Campaign (PHC), beginning in the 1950s, and the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), in the 2000s. We use these as case studies to explore how governance arrangements supported the design and implementation of policies implemented on a large scale in these quite different contexts. Drawing on review of archival documents, published literature, and semi-structured interviews with key policy makers, we conclude that few aspects of governance underwent fundamental changes. In both periods, the policy design stage included encouragement of sub-national tiers of government to pilot policy options, accumulate evidence, and disseminate it to others facing similar challenges, all facilitated by clear lines of accountability and a willingness by those at the top of the hierarchy to learn lessons from lower levels. At the implementation stage, rapid scaling up benefitted from leadership by national institutions that could enact regulations and set policy goals and targets for lower tiers of government, evaluating the performance of local government officers in terms of their ability to implement policy, while encouraging local government to pilot innovative measures. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed understanding of governance and how it is shaped by context, demonstrating continuity over long periods even at times of major social, political, and economic change. This understanding can inform future policy development in China and measures to strengthen governance aspects of reforms elsewhere. Health system governance Health system strenthening Health system reform New rural cooperative medical scheme Patriotic health campaign China Jian, Weiyan verfasserin aut Martinez-Alvarez, Melisa verfasserin aut McKee, Martin verfasserin aut Balabanova, Dina verfasserin aut Enthalten in Social science & medicine Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967 265 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306710528 (DE-600)1500748-0 (DE-576)082435901 1873-5347 nnns volume:265 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.06 Medizinsoziologie AR 265 |
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10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113421 doi (DE-627)ELV005204321 (ELSEVIER)S0277-9536(20)30640-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 300 610 DE-600 44.06 bkl Yuan, Beibei verfasserin aut Health system reforms in China a half century apart: Continuity but adaptation 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Well-functioning governance arrangements are an essential, but often overlooked or poorly understood contributor to high quality health systems. Yet governance systems are embedded in institutional structures and shaped by cultural norms that can be difficult to change. We look at a country that has implemented two major health system reforms separated by half a century during which it has undergone remarkable political, economic, and social change. These are the Chinese Patriotic Health Campaign (PHC), beginning in the 1950s, and the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), in the 2000s. We use these as case studies to explore how governance arrangements supported the design and implementation of policies implemented on a large scale in these quite different contexts. Drawing on review of archival documents, published literature, and semi-structured interviews with key policy makers, we conclude that few aspects of governance underwent fundamental changes. In both periods, the policy design stage included encouragement of sub-national tiers of government to pilot policy options, accumulate evidence, and disseminate it to others facing similar challenges, all facilitated by clear lines of accountability and a willingness by those at the top of the hierarchy to learn lessons from lower levels. At the implementation stage, rapid scaling up benefitted from leadership by national institutions that could enact regulations and set policy goals and targets for lower tiers of government, evaluating the performance of local government officers in terms of their ability to implement policy, while encouraging local government to pilot innovative measures. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed understanding of governance and how it is shaped by context, demonstrating continuity over long periods even at times of major social, political, and economic change. This understanding can inform future policy development in China and measures to strengthen governance aspects of reforms elsewhere. Health system governance Health system strenthening Health system reform New rural cooperative medical scheme Patriotic health campaign China Jian, Weiyan verfasserin aut Martinez-Alvarez, Melisa verfasserin aut McKee, Martin verfasserin aut Balabanova, Dina verfasserin aut Enthalten in Social science & medicine Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967 265 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306710528 (DE-600)1500748-0 (DE-576)082435901 1873-5347 nnns volume:265 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.06 Medizinsoziologie AR 265 |
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10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113421 doi (DE-627)ELV005204321 (ELSEVIER)S0277-9536(20)30640-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 300 610 DE-600 44.06 bkl Yuan, Beibei verfasserin aut Health system reforms in China a half century apart: Continuity but adaptation 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Well-functioning governance arrangements are an essential, but often overlooked or poorly understood contributor to high quality health systems. Yet governance systems are embedded in institutional structures and shaped by cultural norms that can be difficult to change. We look at a country that has implemented two major health system reforms separated by half a century during which it has undergone remarkable political, economic, and social change. These are the Chinese Patriotic Health Campaign (PHC), beginning in the 1950s, and the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), in the 2000s. We use these as case studies to explore how governance arrangements supported the design and implementation of policies implemented on a large scale in these quite different contexts. Drawing on review of archival documents, published literature, and semi-structured interviews with key policy makers, we conclude that few aspects of governance underwent fundamental changes. In both periods, the policy design stage included encouragement of sub-national tiers of government to pilot policy options, accumulate evidence, and disseminate it to others facing similar challenges, all facilitated by clear lines of accountability and a willingness by those at the top of the hierarchy to learn lessons from lower levels. At the implementation stage, rapid scaling up benefitted from leadership by national institutions that could enact regulations and set policy goals and targets for lower tiers of government, evaluating the performance of local government officers in terms of their ability to implement policy, while encouraging local government to pilot innovative measures. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed understanding of governance and how it is shaped by context, demonstrating continuity over long periods even at times of major social, political, and economic change. This understanding can inform future policy development in China and measures to strengthen governance aspects of reforms elsewhere. Health system governance Health system strenthening Health system reform New rural cooperative medical scheme Patriotic health campaign China Jian, Weiyan verfasserin aut Martinez-Alvarez, Melisa verfasserin aut McKee, Martin verfasserin aut Balabanova, Dina verfasserin aut Enthalten in Social science & medicine Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967 265 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306710528 (DE-600)1500748-0 (DE-576)082435901 1873-5347 nnns volume:265 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.06 Medizinsoziologie AR 265 |
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10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113421 doi (DE-627)ELV005204321 (ELSEVIER)S0277-9536(20)30640-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 300 610 DE-600 44.06 bkl Yuan, Beibei verfasserin aut Health system reforms in China a half century apart: Continuity but adaptation 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Well-functioning governance arrangements are an essential, but often overlooked or poorly understood contributor to high quality health systems. Yet governance systems are embedded in institutional structures and shaped by cultural norms that can be difficult to change. We look at a country that has implemented two major health system reforms separated by half a century during which it has undergone remarkable political, economic, and social change. These are the Chinese Patriotic Health Campaign (PHC), beginning in the 1950s, and the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), in the 2000s. We use these as case studies to explore how governance arrangements supported the design and implementation of policies implemented on a large scale in these quite different contexts. Drawing on review of archival documents, published literature, and semi-structured interviews with key policy makers, we conclude that few aspects of governance underwent fundamental changes. In both periods, the policy design stage included encouragement of sub-national tiers of government to pilot policy options, accumulate evidence, and disseminate it to others facing similar challenges, all facilitated by clear lines of accountability and a willingness by those at the top of the hierarchy to learn lessons from lower levels. At the implementation stage, rapid scaling up benefitted from leadership by national institutions that could enact regulations and set policy goals and targets for lower tiers of government, evaluating the performance of local government officers in terms of their ability to implement policy, while encouraging local government to pilot innovative measures. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed understanding of governance and how it is shaped by context, demonstrating continuity over long periods even at times of major social, political, and economic change. This understanding can inform future policy development in China and measures to strengthen governance aspects of reforms elsewhere. Health system governance Health system strenthening Health system reform New rural cooperative medical scheme Patriotic health campaign China Jian, Weiyan verfasserin aut Martinez-Alvarez, Melisa verfasserin aut McKee, Martin verfasserin aut Balabanova, Dina verfasserin aut Enthalten in Social science & medicine Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1967 265 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306710528 (DE-600)1500748-0 (DE-576)082435901 1873-5347 nnns volume:265 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 44.06 Medizinsoziologie AR 265 |
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Health system reforms in China a half century apart: Continuity but adaptation |
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Health system reforms in China a half century apart: Continuity but adaptation |
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Yuan, Beibei |
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Yuan, Beibei Jian, Weiyan Martinez-Alvarez, Melisa McKee, Martin Balabanova, Dina |
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10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113421 |
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health system reforms in china a half century apart: continuity but adaptation |
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Health system reforms in China a half century apart: Continuity but adaptation |
| abstract |
Well-functioning governance arrangements are an essential, but often overlooked or poorly understood contributor to high quality health systems. Yet governance systems are embedded in institutional structures and shaped by cultural norms that can be difficult to change. We look at a country that has implemented two major health system reforms separated by half a century during which it has undergone remarkable political, economic, and social change. These are the Chinese Patriotic Health Campaign (PHC), beginning in the 1950s, and the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), in the 2000s. We use these as case studies to explore how governance arrangements supported the design and implementation of policies implemented on a large scale in these quite different contexts. Drawing on review of archival documents, published literature, and semi-structured interviews with key policy makers, we conclude that few aspects of governance underwent fundamental changes. In both periods, the policy design stage included encouragement of sub-national tiers of government to pilot policy options, accumulate evidence, and disseminate it to others facing similar challenges, all facilitated by clear lines of accountability and a willingness by those at the top of the hierarchy to learn lessons from lower levels. At the implementation stage, rapid scaling up benefitted from leadership by national institutions that could enact regulations and set policy goals and targets for lower tiers of government, evaluating the performance of local government officers in terms of their ability to implement policy, while encouraging local government to pilot innovative measures. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed understanding of governance and how it is shaped by context, demonstrating continuity over long periods even at times of major social, political, and economic change. This understanding can inform future policy development in China and measures to strengthen governance aspects of reforms elsewhere. |
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Well-functioning governance arrangements are an essential, but often overlooked or poorly understood contributor to high quality health systems. Yet governance systems are embedded in institutional structures and shaped by cultural norms that can be difficult to change. We look at a country that has implemented two major health system reforms separated by half a century during which it has undergone remarkable political, economic, and social change. These are the Chinese Patriotic Health Campaign (PHC), beginning in the 1950s, and the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), in the 2000s. We use these as case studies to explore how governance arrangements supported the design and implementation of policies implemented on a large scale in these quite different contexts. Drawing on review of archival documents, published literature, and semi-structured interviews with key policy makers, we conclude that few aspects of governance underwent fundamental changes. In both periods, the policy design stage included encouragement of sub-national tiers of government to pilot policy options, accumulate evidence, and disseminate it to others facing similar challenges, all facilitated by clear lines of accountability and a willingness by those at the top of the hierarchy to learn lessons from lower levels. At the implementation stage, rapid scaling up benefitted from leadership by national institutions that could enact regulations and set policy goals and targets for lower tiers of government, evaluating the performance of local government officers in terms of their ability to implement policy, while encouraging local government to pilot innovative measures. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed understanding of governance and how it is shaped by context, demonstrating continuity over long periods even at times of major social, political, and economic change. This understanding can inform future policy development in China and measures to strengthen governance aspects of reforms elsewhere. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Well-functioning governance arrangements are an essential, but often overlooked or poorly understood contributor to high quality health systems. Yet governance systems are embedded in institutional structures and shaped by cultural norms that can be difficult to change. We look at a country that has implemented two major health system reforms separated by half a century during which it has undergone remarkable political, economic, and social change. These are the Chinese Patriotic Health Campaign (PHC), beginning in the 1950s, and the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), in the 2000s. We use these as case studies to explore how governance arrangements supported the design and implementation of policies implemented on a large scale in these quite different contexts. Drawing on review of archival documents, published literature, and semi-structured interviews with key policy makers, we conclude that few aspects of governance underwent fundamental changes. In both periods, the policy design stage included encouragement of sub-national tiers of government to pilot policy options, accumulate evidence, and disseminate it to others facing similar challenges, all facilitated by clear lines of accountability and a willingness by those at the top of the hierarchy to learn lessons from lower levels. At the implementation stage, rapid scaling up benefitted from leadership by national institutions that could enact regulations and set policy goals and targets for lower tiers of government, evaluating the performance of local government officers in terms of their ability to implement policy, while encouraging local government to pilot innovative measures. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed understanding of governance and how it is shaped by context, demonstrating continuity over long periods even at times of major social, political, and economic change. This understanding can inform future policy development in China and measures to strengthen governance aspects of reforms elsewhere. |
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Health system reforms in China a half century apart: Continuity but adaptation |
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