Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications
The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel ble...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Hui, Xin [verfasserIn] Liu, Weitao [verfasserIn] Xue, Xin [verfasserIn] Sung, Chih-Jen [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
E-Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2020 |
|---|
| Schlagwörter: |
|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Fuel - New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1970, 287 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:287 |
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
ELV005261279 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | ELV005261279 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20230524154438.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 230504s2020 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)ELV005261279 | ||
| 035 | |a (ELSEVIER)S0016-2361(20)32518-7 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rda | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 082 | 0 | 4 | |a 660 |q DE-600 |
| 084 | |a 58.21 |2 bkl | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Hui, Xin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2020 | |
| 336 | |a nicht spezifiziert |b zzz |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 520 | |a The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Smoke point | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Threshold sooting index | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soot volume fraction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hydrocarbon fuels | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Diffusion flame | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Weitao |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xue, Xin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sung, Chih-Jen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Fuel |d New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1970 |g 287 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)300898584 |w (DE-600)1483656-7 |w (DE-576)09555176X |x 0016-2361 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:287 |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_U | ||
| 912 | |a SYSFLAG_U | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ELV | ||
| 912 | |a SSG-OLC-PHA | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_20 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_22 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_23 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_24 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_31 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_32 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_40 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_60 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_62 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_63 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_65 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_69 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_70 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_73 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_74 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_90 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_95 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_100 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_105 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_110 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_150 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_151 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_224 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_370 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_602 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_702 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2003 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2004 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2005 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2006 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2008 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2010 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2011 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2014 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2015 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2020 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2021 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2025 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2027 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2034 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2038 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2044 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2048 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2049 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2050 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2056 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2059 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2061 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2064 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2065 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2068 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2088 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2111 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2112 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2113 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2118 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2122 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2129 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2143 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2147 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2148 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2152 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2153 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2190 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2336 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2470 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2507 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_2522 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4035 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4037 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4046 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4112 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4125 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4126 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4242 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4251 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4305 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4313 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4322 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4323 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4324 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4326 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4333 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4334 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4335 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4338 | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_ILN_4393 | ||
| 936 | b | k | |a 58.21 |j Brennstoffe |j Kraftstoffe |j Explosivstoffe |
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 287 | ||
| author_variant |
x h xh w l wl x x xx c j s cjs |
|---|---|
| matchkey_str |
article:00162361:2020----::otncaatrsisfyrcrocmonsnterlnseeato |
| hierarchy_sort_str |
2020 |
| bklnumber |
58.21 |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| allfields |
10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522 doi (DE-627)ELV005261279 (ELSEVIER)S0016-2361(20)32518-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 660 DE-600 58.21 bkl Hui, Xin verfasserin aut Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames. Smoke point Threshold sooting index Soot volume fraction Hydrocarbon fuels Diffusion flame Liu, Weitao verfasserin aut Xue, Xin verfasserin aut Sung, Chih-Jen verfasserin aut Enthalten in Fuel New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1970 287 Online-Ressource (DE-627)300898584 (DE-600)1483656-7 (DE-576)09555176X 0016-2361 nnns volume:287 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 58.21 Brennstoffe Kraftstoffe Explosivstoffe AR 287 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522 doi (DE-627)ELV005261279 (ELSEVIER)S0016-2361(20)32518-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 660 DE-600 58.21 bkl Hui, Xin verfasserin aut Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames. Smoke point Threshold sooting index Soot volume fraction Hydrocarbon fuels Diffusion flame Liu, Weitao verfasserin aut Xue, Xin verfasserin aut Sung, Chih-Jen verfasserin aut Enthalten in Fuel New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1970 287 Online-Ressource (DE-627)300898584 (DE-600)1483656-7 (DE-576)09555176X 0016-2361 nnns volume:287 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 58.21 Brennstoffe Kraftstoffe Explosivstoffe AR 287 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522 doi (DE-627)ELV005261279 (ELSEVIER)S0016-2361(20)32518-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 660 DE-600 58.21 bkl Hui, Xin verfasserin aut Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames. Smoke point Threshold sooting index Soot volume fraction Hydrocarbon fuels Diffusion flame Liu, Weitao verfasserin aut Xue, Xin verfasserin aut Sung, Chih-Jen verfasserin aut Enthalten in Fuel New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1970 287 Online-Ressource (DE-627)300898584 (DE-600)1483656-7 (DE-576)09555176X 0016-2361 nnns volume:287 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 58.21 Brennstoffe Kraftstoffe Explosivstoffe AR 287 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522 doi (DE-627)ELV005261279 (ELSEVIER)S0016-2361(20)32518-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 660 DE-600 58.21 bkl Hui, Xin verfasserin aut Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames. Smoke point Threshold sooting index Soot volume fraction Hydrocarbon fuels Diffusion flame Liu, Weitao verfasserin aut Xue, Xin verfasserin aut Sung, Chih-Jen verfasserin aut Enthalten in Fuel New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1970 287 Online-Ressource (DE-627)300898584 (DE-600)1483656-7 (DE-576)09555176X 0016-2361 nnns volume:287 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 58.21 Brennstoffe Kraftstoffe Explosivstoffe AR 287 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522 doi (DE-627)ELV005261279 (ELSEVIER)S0016-2361(20)32518-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 660 DE-600 58.21 bkl Hui, Xin verfasserin aut Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications 2020 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames. Smoke point Threshold sooting index Soot volume fraction Hydrocarbon fuels Diffusion flame Liu, Weitao verfasserin aut Xue, Xin verfasserin aut Sung, Chih-Jen verfasserin aut Enthalten in Fuel New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1970 287 Online-Ressource (DE-627)300898584 (DE-600)1483656-7 (DE-576)09555176X 0016-2361 nnns volume:287 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 58.21 Brennstoffe Kraftstoffe Explosivstoffe AR 287 |
| language |
English |
| source |
Enthalten in Fuel 287 volume:287 |
| sourceStr |
Enthalten in Fuel 287 volume:287 |
| format_phy_str_mv |
Article |
| bklname |
Brennstoffe Kraftstoffe Explosivstoffe |
| institution |
findex.gbv.de |
| topic_facet |
Smoke point Threshold sooting index Soot volume fraction Hydrocarbon fuels Diffusion flame |
| dewey-raw |
660 |
| isfreeaccess_bool |
false |
| container_title |
Fuel |
| authorswithroles_txt_mv |
Hui, Xin @@aut@@ Liu, Weitao @@aut@@ Xue, Xin @@aut@@ Sung, Chih-Jen @@aut@@ |
| publishDateDaySort_date |
2020-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| hierarchy_top_id |
300898584 |
| dewey-sort |
3660 |
| id |
ELV005261279 |
| language_de |
englisch |
| fullrecord |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV005261279</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230524154438.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230504s2020 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV005261279</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0016-2361(20)32518-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">660</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-600</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">58.21</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hui, Xin</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Smoke point</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Threshold sooting index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Soot volume fraction</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Hydrocarbon fuels</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Diffusion flame</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Liu, Weitao</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Xue, Xin</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Sung, Chih-Jen</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Fuel</subfield><subfield code="d">New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1970</subfield><subfield code="g">287</subfield><subfield code="h">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)300898584</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)1483656-7</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)09555176X</subfield><subfield code="x">0016-2361</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:287</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ELV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-PHA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_31</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_32</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_90</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_100</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_150</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_224</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_702</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2005</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2008</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2025</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2027</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2038</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2044</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2048</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2049</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2050</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2056</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2059</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2061</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2064</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2065</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2068</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2088</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2111</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2113</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2118</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2122</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2129</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2143</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2147</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2148</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2152</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2153</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2190</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2336</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2470</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2507</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2522</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4035</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4046</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4242</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4251</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4326</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4333</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4334</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4393</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="b" ind2="k"><subfield code="a">58.21</subfield><subfield code="j">Brennstoffe</subfield><subfield code="j">Kraftstoffe</subfield><subfield code="j">Explosivstoffe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">287</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
|
| author |
Hui, Xin |
| spellingShingle |
Hui, Xin ddc 660 bkl 58.21 misc Smoke point misc Threshold sooting index misc Soot volume fraction misc Hydrocarbon fuels misc Diffusion flame Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications |
| authorStr |
Hui, Xin |
| ppnlink_with_tag_str_mv |
@@773@@(DE-627)300898584 |
| format |
electronic Article |
| dewey-ones |
660 - Chemical engineering |
| delete_txt_mv |
keep |
| author_role |
aut aut aut aut |
| collection |
elsevier |
| remote_str |
true |
| illustrated |
Not Illustrated |
| issn |
0016-2361 |
| topic_title |
660 DE-600 58.21 bkl Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications Smoke point Threshold sooting index Soot volume fraction Hydrocarbon fuels Diffusion flame |
| topic |
ddc 660 bkl 58.21 misc Smoke point misc Threshold sooting index misc Soot volume fraction misc Hydrocarbon fuels misc Diffusion flame |
| topic_unstemmed |
ddc 660 bkl 58.21 misc Smoke point misc Threshold sooting index misc Soot volume fraction misc Hydrocarbon fuels misc Diffusion flame |
| topic_browse |
ddc 660 bkl 58.21 misc Smoke point misc Threshold sooting index misc Soot volume fraction misc Hydrocarbon fuels misc Diffusion flame |
| format_facet |
Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource |
| format_main_str_mv |
Text Zeitschrift/Artikel |
| carriertype_str_mv |
cr |
| hierarchy_parent_title |
Fuel |
| hierarchy_parent_id |
300898584 |
| dewey-tens |
660 - Chemical engineering |
| hierarchy_top_title |
Fuel |
| isfreeaccess_txt |
false |
| familylinks_str_mv |
(DE-627)300898584 (DE-600)1483656-7 (DE-576)09555176X |
| title |
Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications |
| ctrlnum |
(DE-627)ELV005261279 (ELSEVIER)S0016-2361(20)32518-7 |
| title_full |
Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications |
| author_sort |
Hui, Xin |
| journal |
Fuel |
| journalStr |
Fuel |
| lang_code |
eng |
| isOA_bool |
false |
| dewey-hundreds |
600 - Technology |
| recordtype |
marc |
| publishDateSort |
2020 |
| contenttype_str_mv |
zzz |
| author_browse |
Hui, Xin Liu, Weitao Xue, Xin Sung, Chih-Jen |
| container_volume |
287 |
| class |
660 DE-600 58.21 bkl |
| format_se |
Elektronische Aufsätze |
| author-letter |
Hui, Xin |
| doi_str_mv |
10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522 |
| dewey-full |
660 |
| author2-role |
verfasserin |
| title_sort |
sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications |
| title_auth |
Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications |
| abstract |
The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames. |
| abstractGer |
The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames. |
| collection_details |
GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 |
| title_short |
Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications |
| remote_bool |
true |
| author2 |
Liu, Weitao Xue, Xin Sung, Chih-Jen |
| author2Str |
Liu, Weitao Xue, Xin Sung, Chih-Jen |
| ppnlink |
300898584 |
| mediatype_str_mv |
c |
| isOA_txt |
false |
| hochschulschrift_bool |
false |
| doi_str |
10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522 |
| up_date |
2024-07-06T17:21:49.391Z |
| _version_ |
1803851146874322944 |
| fullrecord_marcxml |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV005261279</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230524154438.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230504s2020 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119522</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV005261279</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0016-2361(20)32518-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">660</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-600</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">58.21</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hui, Xin</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The sooting characteristics of neat hydrocarbon compounds from different molecular classes and their blends that are relevant to aviation fuels were systematically investigated in the present work. Smoke points and maximum soot volume fractions of 10 neat hydrocarbon compounds and 33 binary fuel blends were measured in a standard wick-fed flame burner. The threshold sooting indices of test fuels were derived based on the fuel uptake flow rate with threshold imaging method. At the smoke point conditions, flames of all test fuels were noted to have relatively close maximum soot volume fractions, thereby suggesting that the maximum soot concentration contained by a diffusion flame without escaping smoke is relatively insensitive to the effects of fuel molecular structure. At the constant fuel carbon flow rate conditions, it was found that the soot formation generally follows: naphthalenes > monocyclic aromatics > cycloalkanes > iso-alkanes > n-alkanes. The relationships between soot formation and various sooting tendency indices were further examined. For given constituents, their binary blend result at varying blending ratio showed that the maximum soot volume fraction can be approximately linearly correlated with aromatics content, hydrogen content, hydrogen deficiency, and threshold sooting index; the slope varies with different blends. At a given constant fuel carbon flow rate, the results of all test fuels demonstrated that the reciprocal of smoke point is able to correlate linearly with the maximum soot volume fraction through a single curve. Therefore, the present findings indicated that smoke point is more effective even than threshold sooting index in predicting soot formation in diffusion flames.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Smoke point</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Threshold sooting index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Soot volume fraction</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Hydrocarbon fuels</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Diffusion flame</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Liu, Weitao</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Xue, Xin</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Sung, Chih-Jen</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Fuel</subfield><subfield code="d">New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1970</subfield><subfield code="g">287</subfield><subfield code="h">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)300898584</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)1483656-7</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)09555176X</subfield><subfield code="x">0016-2361</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:287</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ELV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-PHA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_31</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_32</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_90</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_100</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_150</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_224</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_702</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2005</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2008</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2025</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2027</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2038</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2044</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2048</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2049</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2050</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2056</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2059</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2061</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2064</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2065</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2068</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2088</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2111</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2113</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2118</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2122</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2129</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2143</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2147</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2148</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2152</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2153</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2190</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2336</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2470</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2507</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2522</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4035</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4046</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4242</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4251</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4326</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4333</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4334</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4393</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="b" ind2="k"><subfield code="a">58.21</subfield><subfield code="j">Brennstoffe</subfield><subfield code="j">Kraftstoffe</subfield><subfield code="j">Explosivstoffe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">287</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
|
| score |
7.3989096 |