Are standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) representative of ambient particles in air pollution toxicological studies?
In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and compared them to those of read-world particulate matter (PM) collected in different urban settings to evaluate the extent to which standardized DEPs can represent ambient particles for use...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Farahani, Vahid Jalali [verfasserIn] Pirhadi, Milad [verfasserIn] Sioutas, Constantinos [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: The science of the total environment - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972, 788 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:788 |
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147854 |
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ELV006148816 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Are standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) representative of ambient particles in air pollution toxicological studies? |
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| 520 | |a In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and compared them to those of read-world particulate matter (PM) collected in different urban settings to evaluate the extent to which standardized DEPs can represent ambient particles for use in toxicological studies. Standard reference material SRM-2975 was obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and was chemically analyzed for the content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic ions, and several metals and trace elements. The analysis on the filter-collected DEP sample revealed very high levels of EC (i.e., ~397 ng/μg PM) which were comparable to the OC content (~405 ng/μg PM). This is in contrast with the carbonaceous content in the emitted particles from typical filter-equipped diesel-powered vehicles, in which low levels of EC emissions were observed. Furthermore, the EC mass fraction of the DEP sample did not match the observed levels in the ambient PM of multiple US urban areas, including Los Angeles (8%), Houston (~14%), Pittsburgh (~12%), and New York (~17%). Our results illustrated the lack of several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs in the DEP samples, unlike our measurements in major freeways of Los Angeles. Negligible levels of inorganic ions were observed in the sample and the DEP did not contain toxic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed through synchronized reactions in the atmosphere. Lastly, the analysis of redox-active metals and trace elements demonstrated that the levels of many species including vehicle emission tracers (e.g., Ba, Ti, Mn, Fe) on Los Angeles roadways were almost 20 times greater than those in the DEP sample. Based on the abovementioned inconsistencies between the chemical composition of the DEP sample and those of real-world PM measured and recorded in different conditions, we conclude that the standardized DEPs are not suitable representatives of traffic emissions nor typical ambient PM to be used in toxicological studies. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Standard material | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Particulate matter | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Toxicological studies | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health impacts | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Sioutas, Constantinos |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147854 doi (DE-627)ELV006148816 (ELSEVIER)S0048-9697(21)02925-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 333.7 610 DE-600 43.12 bkl 43.13 bkl 44.13 bkl Farahani, Vahid Jalali verfasserin aut Are standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) representative of ambient particles in air pollution toxicological studies? 2021 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and compared them to those of read-world particulate matter (PM) collected in different urban settings to evaluate the extent to which standardized DEPs can represent ambient particles for use in toxicological studies. Standard reference material SRM-2975 was obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and was chemically analyzed for the content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic ions, and several metals and trace elements. The analysis on the filter-collected DEP sample revealed very high levels of EC (i.e., ~397 ng/μg PM) which were comparable to the OC content (~405 ng/μg PM). This is in contrast with the carbonaceous content in the emitted particles from typical filter-equipped diesel-powered vehicles, in which low levels of EC emissions were observed. Furthermore, the EC mass fraction of the DEP sample did not match the observed levels in the ambient PM of multiple US urban areas, including Los Angeles (8%), Houston (~14%), Pittsburgh (~12%), and New York (~17%). Our results illustrated the lack of several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs in the DEP samples, unlike our measurements in major freeways of Los Angeles. Negligible levels of inorganic ions were observed in the sample and the DEP did not contain toxic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed through synchronized reactions in the atmosphere. Lastly, the analysis of redox-active metals and trace elements demonstrated that the levels of many species including vehicle emission tracers (e.g., Ba, Ti, Mn, Fe) on Los Angeles roadways were almost 20 times greater than those in the DEP sample. Based on the abovementioned inconsistencies between the chemical composition of the DEP sample and those of real-world PM measured and recorded in different conditions, we conclude that the standardized DEPs are not suitable representatives of traffic emissions nor typical ambient PM to be used in toxicological studies. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) Standard material Particulate matter Toxicological studies Health impacts Pirhadi, Milad verfasserin aut Sioutas, Constantinos verfasserin aut Enthalten in The science of the total environment Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 788 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306591456 (DE-600)1498726-0 (DE-576)081953178 1879-1026 nnns volume:788 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 43.12 Umweltchemie 43.13 Umwelttoxikologie 44.13 Medizinische Ökologie AR 788 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147854 doi (DE-627)ELV006148816 (ELSEVIER)S0048-9697(21)02925-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 333.7 610 DE-600 43.12 bkl 43.13 bkl 44.13 bkl Farahani, Vahid Jalali verfasserin aut Are standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) representative of ambient particles in air pollution toxicological studies? 2021 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and compared them to those of read-world particulate matter (PM) collected in different urban settings to evaluate the extent to which standardized DEPs can represent ambient particles for use in toxicological studies. Standard reference material SRM-2975 was obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and was chemically analyzed for the content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic ions, and several metals and trace elements. The analysis on the filter-collected DEP sample revealed very high levels of EC (i.e., ~397 ng/μg PM) which were comparable to the OC content (~405 ng/μg PM). This is in contrast with the carbonaceous content in the emitted particles from typical filter-equipped diesel-powered vehicles, in which low levels of EC emissions were observed. Furthermore, the EC mass fraction of the DEP sample did not match the observed levels in the ambient PM of multiple US urban areas, including Los Angeles (8%), Houston (~14%), Pittsburgh (~12%), and New York (~17%). Our results illustrated the lack of several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs in the DEP samples, unlike our measurements in major freeways of Los Angeles. Negligible levels of inorganic ions were observed in the sample and the DEP did not contain toxic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed through synchronized reactions in the atmosphere. Lastly, the analysis of redox-active metals and trace elements demonstrated that the levels of many species including vehicle emission tracers (e.g., Ba, Ti, Mn, Fe) on Los Angeles roadways were almost 20 times greater than those in the DEP sample. Based on the abovementioned inconsistencies between the chemical composition of the DEP sample and those of real-world PM measured and recorded in different conditions, we conclude that the standardized DEPs are not suitable representatives of traffic emissions nor typical ambient PM to be used in toxicological studies. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) Standard material Particulate matter Toxicological studies Health impacts Pirhadi, Milad verfasserin aut Sioutas, Constantinos verfasserin aut Enthalten in The science of the total environment Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 788 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306591456 (DE-600)1498726-0 (DE-576)081953178 1879-1026 nnns volume:788 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 43.12 Umweltchemie 43.13 Umwelttoxikologie 44.13 Medizinische Ökologie AR 788 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147854 doi (DE-627)ELV006148816 (ELSEVIER)S0048-9697(21)02925-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 333.7 610 DE-600 43.12 bkl 43.13 bkl 44.13 bkl Farahani, Vahid Jalali verfasserin aut Are standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) representative of ambient particles in air pollution toxicological studies? 2021 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and compared them to those of read-world particulate matter (PM) collected in different urban settings to evaluate the extent to which standardized DEPs can represent ambient particles for use in toxicological studies. Standard reference material SRM-2975 was obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and was chemically analyzed for the content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic ions, and several metals and trace elements. The analysis on the filter-collected DEP sample revealed very high levels of EC (i.e., ~397 ng/μg PM) which were comparable to the OC content (~405 ng/μg PM). This is in contrast with the carbonaceous content in the emitted particles from typical filter-equipped diesel-powered vehicles, in which low levels of EC emissions were observed. Furthermore, the EC mass fraction of the DEP sample did not match the observed levels in the ambient PM of multiple US urban areas, including Los Angeles (8%), Houston (~14%), Pittsburgh (~12%), and New York (~17%). Our results illustrated the lack of several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs in the DEP samples, unlike our measurements in major freeways of Los Angeles. Negligible levels of inorganic ions were observed in the sample and the DEP did not contain toxic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed through synchronized reactions in the atmosphere. Lastly, the analysis of redox-active metals and trace elements demonstrated that the levels of many species including vehicle emission tracers (e.g., Ba, Ti, Mn, Fe) on Los Angeles roadways were almost 20 times greater than those in the DEP sample. Based on the abovementioned inconsistencies between the chemical composition of the DEP sample and those of real-world PM measured and recorded in different conditions, we conclude that the standardized DEPs are not suitable representatives of traffic emissions nor typical ambient PM to be used in toxicological studies. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) Standard material Particulate matter Toxicological studies Health impacts Pirhadi, Milad verfasserin aut Sioutas, Constantinos verfasserin aut Enthalten in The science of the total environment Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 788 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306591456 (DE-600)1498726-0 (DE-576)081953178 1879-1026 nnns volume:788 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 43.12 Umweltchemie 43.13 Umwelttoxikologie 44.13 Medizinische Ökologie AR 788 |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147854 doi (DE-627)ELV006148816 (ELSEVIER)S0048-9697(21)02925-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 333.7 610 DE-600 43.12 bkl 43.13 bkl 44.13 bkl Farahani, Vahid Jalali verfasserin aut Are standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) representative of ambient particles in air pollution toxicological studies? 2021 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and compared them to those of read-world particulate matter (PM) collected in different urban settings to evaluate the extent to which standardized DEPs can represent ambient particles for use in toxicological studies. Standard reference material SRM-2975 was obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and was chemically analyzed for the content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic ions, and several metals and trace elements. The analysis on the filter-collected DEP sample revealed very high levels of EC (i.e., ~397 ng/μg PM) which were comparable to the OC content (~405 ng/μg PM). This is in contrast with the carbonaceous content in the emitted particles from typical filter-equipped diesel-powered vehicles, in which low levels of EC emissions were observed. Furthermore, the EC mass fraction of the DEP sample did not match the observed levels in the ambient PM of multiple US urban areas, including Los Angeles (8%), Houston (~14%), Pittsburgh (~12%), and New York (~17%). Our results illustrated the lack of several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs in the DEP samples, unlike our measurements in major freeways of Los Angeles. Negligible levels of inorganic ions were observed in the sample and the DEP did not contain toxic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed through synchronized reactions in the atmosphere. Lastly, the analysis of redox-active metals and trace elements demonstrated that the levels of many species including vehicle emission tracers (e.g., Ba, Ti, Mn, Fe) on Los Angeles roadways were almost 20 times greater than those in the DEP sample. Based on the abovementioned inconsistencies between the chemical composition of the DEP sample and those of real-world PM measured and recorded in different conditions, we conclude that the standardized DEPs are not suitable representatives of traffic emissions nor typical ambient PM to be used in toxicological studies. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) Standard material Particulate matter Toxicological studies Health impacts Pirhadi, Milad verfasserin aut Sioutas, Constantinos verfasserin aut Enthalten in The science of the total environment Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 788 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306591456 (DE-600)1498726-0 (DE-576)081953178 1879-1026 nnns volume:788 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 43.12 Umweltchemie 43.13 Umwelttoxikologie 44.13 Medizinische Ökologie AR 788 |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147854 doi (DE-627)ELV006148816 (ELSEVIER)S0048-9697(21)02925-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 333.7 610 DE-600 43.12 bkl 43.13 bkl 44.13 bkl Farahani, Vahid Jalali verfasserin aut Are standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) representative of ambient particles in air pollution toxicological studies? 2021 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and compared them to those of read-world particulate matter (PM) collected in different urban settings to evaluate the extent to which standardized DEPs can represent ambient particles for use in toxicological studies. Standard reference material SRM-2975 was obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and was chemically analyzed for the content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic ions, and several metals and trace elements. The analysis on the filter-collected DEP sample revealed very high levels of EC (i.e., ~397 ng/μg PM) which were comparable to the OC content (~405 ng/μg PM). This is in contrast with the carbonaceous content in the emitted particles from typical filter-equipped diesel-powered vehicles, in which low levels of EC emissions were observed. Furthermore, the EC mass fraction of the DEP sample did not match the observed levels in the ambient PM of multiple US urban areas, including Los Angeles (8%), Houston (~14%), Pittsburgh (~12%), and New York (~17%). Our results illustrated the lack of several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs in the DEP samples, unlike our measurements in major freeways of Los Angeles. Negligible levels of inorganic ions were observed in the sample and the DEP did not contain toxic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed through synchronized reactions in the atmosphere. Lastly, the analysis of redox-active metals and trace elements demonstrated that the levels of many species including vehicle emission tracers (e.g., Ba, Ti, Mn, Fe) on Los Angeles roadways were almost 20 times greater than those in the DEP sample. Based on the abovementioned inconsistencies between the chemical composition of the DEP sample and those of real-world PM measured and recorded in different conditions, we conclude that the standardized DEPs are not suitable representatives of traffic emissions nor typical ambient PM to be used in toxicological studies. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) Standard material Particulate matter Toxicological studies Health impacts Pirhadi, Milad verfasserin aut Sioutas, Constantinos verfasserin aut Enthalten in The science of the total environment Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 788 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306591456 (DE-600)1498726-0 (DE-576)081953178 1879-1026 nnns volume:788 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 43.12 Umweltchemie 43.13 Umwelttoxikologie 44.13 Medizinische Ökologie AR 788 |
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Farahani, Vahid Jalali @@aut@@ Pirhadi, Milad @@aut@@ Sioutas, Constantinos @@aut@@ |
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Farahani, Vahid Jalali |
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333.7 610 DE-600 43.12 bkl 43.13 bkl 44.13 bkl Are standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) representative of ambient particles in air pollution toxicological studies? Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) Standard material Particulate matter Toxicological studies Health impacts |
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are standardized diesel exhaust particles (dep) representative of ambient particles in air pollution toxicological studies? |
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Are standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) representative of ambient particles in air pollution toxicological studies? |
| abstract |
In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and compared them to those of read-world particulate matter (PM) collected in different urban settings to evaluate the extent to which standardized DEPs can represent ambient particles for use in toxicological studies. Standard reference material SRM-2975 was obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and was chemically analyzed for the content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic ions, and several metals and trace elements. The analysis on the filter-collected DEP sample revealed very high levels of EC (i.e., ~397 ng/μg PM) which were comparable to the OC content (~405 ng/μg PM). This is in contrast with the carbonaceous content in the emitted particles from typical filter-equipped diesel-powered vehicles, in which low levels of EC emissions were observed. Furthermore, the EC mass fraction of the DEP sample did not match the observed levels in the ambient PM of multiple US urban areas, including Los Angeles (8%), Houston (~14%), Pittsburgh (~12%), and New York (~17%). Our results illustrated the lack of several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs in the DEP samples, unlike our measurements in major freeways of Los Angeles. Negligible levels of inorganic ions were observed in the sample and the DEP did not contain toxic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed through synchronized reactions in the atmosphere. Lastly, the analysis of redox-active metals and trace elements demonstrated that the levels of many species including vehicle emission tracers (e.g., Ba, Ti, Mn, Fe) on Los Angeles roadways were almost 20 times greater than those in the DEP sample. Based on the abovementioned inconsistencies between the chemical composition of the DEP sample and those of real-world PM measured and recorded in different conditions, we conclude that the standardized DEPs are not suitable representatives of traffic emissions nor typical ambient PM to be used in toxicological studies. |
| abstractGer |
In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and compared them to those of read-world particulate matter (PM) collected in different urban settings to evaluate the extent to which standardized DEPs can represent ambient particles for use in toxicological studies. Standard reference material SRM-2975 was obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and was chemically analyzed for the content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic ions, and several metals and trace elements. The analysis on the filter-collected DEP sample revealed very high levels of EC (i.e., ~397 ng/μg PM) which were comparable to the OC content (~405 ng/μg PM). This is in contrast with the carbonaceous content in the emitted particles from typical filter-equipped diesel-powered vehicles, in which low levels of EC emissions were observed. Furthermore, the EC mass fraction of the DEP sample did not match the observed levels in the ambient PM of multiple US urban areas, including Los Angeles (8%), Houston (~14%), Pittsburgh (~12%), and New York (~17%). Our results illustrated the lack of several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs in the DEP samples, unlike our measurements in major freeways of Los Angeles. Negligible levels of inorganic ions were observed in the sample and the DEP did not contain toxic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed through synchronized reactions in the atmosphere. Lastly, the analysis of redox-active metals and trace elements demonstrated that the levels of many species including vehicle emission tracers (e.g., Ba, Ti, Mn, Fe) on Los Angeles roadways were almost 20 times greater than those in the DEP sample. Based on the abovementioned inconsistencies between the chemical composition of the DEP sample and those of real-world PM measured and recorded in different conditions, we conclude that the standardized DEPs are not suitable representatives of traffic emissions nor typical ambient PM to be used in toxicological studies. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of standardized diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and compared them to those of read-world particulate matter (PM) collected in different urban settings to evaluate the extent to which standardized DEPs can represent ambient particles for use in toxicological studies. Standard reference material SRM-2975 was obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and was chemically analyzed for the content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic ions, and several metals and trace elements. The analysis on the filter-collected DEP sample revealed very high levels of EC (i.e., ~397 ng/μg PM) which were comparable to the OC content (~405 ng/μg PM). This is in contrast with the carbonaceous content in the emitted particles from typical filter-equipped diesel-powered vehicles, in which low levels of EC emissions were observed. Furthermore, the EC mass fraction of the DEP sample did not match the observed levels in the ambient PM of multiple US urban areas, including Los Angeles (8%), Houston (~14%), Pittsburgh (~12%), and New York (~17%). Our results illustrated the lack of several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs in the DEP samples, unlike our measurements in major freeways of Los Angeles. Negligible levels of inorganic ions were observed in the sample and the DEP did not contain toxic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed through synchronized reactions in the atmosphere. Lastly, the analysis of redox-active metals and trace elements demonstrated that the levels of many species including vehicle emission tracers (e.g., Ba, Ti, Mn, Fe) on Los Angeles roadways were almost 20 times greater than those in the DEP sample. Based on the abovementioned inconsistencies between the chemical composition of the DEP sample and those of real-world PM measured and recorded in different conditions, we conclude that the standardized DEPs are not suitable representatives of traffic emissions nor typical ambient PM to be used in toxicological studies. |
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| score |
7.3984203 |