Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles

Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30–60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding til...
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Autor*in:	Agrawal, Varsha [verfasserIn] Paulose, Rini [verfasserIn] Arya, Rahul [verfasserIn] Rajak, Gaurav [verfasserIn] Giri, Abhishek [verfasserIn] Bijanu, Abhijit [verfasserIn] Sanghi, Sunil K. [verfasserIn] Mishra, Deepti [verfasserIn] N, Prasanth [verfasserIn] Khare, Anup Kumar [verfasserIn] Parmar, Varsha [verfasserIn] Khan, Mohammed Akram [verfasserIn] Bhisikar, Abhay [verfasserIn] Srivastava, Avanish Kumar [verfasserIn] Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Red Mud X-ray Shielding tiles Hazardous waste X-ray attenuation Circular economy

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Journal of hazardous materials - New York, NY [u.a.] : Science Direct, 1976, 424
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:424

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127507

Katalog-ID:	ELV007037341

Internformat


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520			\|a Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30–60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards.
650		4	\|a Red Mud
650		4	\|a X-ray Shielding tiles
650		4	\|a Hazardous waste
650		4	\|a X-ray attenuation
650		4	\|a Circular economy
700	1		\|a Paulose, Rini \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Arya, Rahul \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Rajak, Gaurav \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Giri, Abhishek \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Bijanu, Abhijit \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Sanghi, Sunil K. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Mishra, Deepti \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a N, Prasanth \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Khare, Anup Kumar \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Parmar, Varsha \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Khan, Mohammed Akram \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Bhisikar, Abhay \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Srivastava, Avanish Kumar \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Journal of hazardous materials \|d New York, NY [u.a.] : Science Direct, 1976 \|g 424 \|h Online-Ressource \|w (DE-627)302467904 \|w (DE-600)1491302-1 \|w (DE-576)259483893 \|x 1873-3336 \|7 nnns
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publishDate	2021
allfields	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127507 doi (DE-627)ELV007037341 (ELSEVIER)S0304-3894(21)02475-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 530 DE-600 43.13 bkl 50.17 bkl 58.53 bkl Agrawal, Varsha verfasserin aut Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles 2021 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30–60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards. Red Mud X-ray Shielding tiles Hazardous waste X-ray attenuation Circular economy Paulose, Rini verfasserin aut Arya, Rahul verfasserin aut Rajak, Gaurav verfasserin aut Giri, Abhishek verfasserin aut Bijanu, Abhijit verfasserin aut Sanghi, Sunil K. verfasserin aut Mishra, Deepti verfasserin aut N, Prasanth verfasserin aut Khare, Anup Kumar verfasserin aut Parmar, Varsha verfasserin aut Khan, Mohammed Akram verfasserin aut Bhisikar, Abhay verfasserin aut Srivastava, Avanish Kumar verfasserin aut Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of hazardous materials New York, NY [u.a.] : Science Direct, 1976 424 Online-Ressource (DE-627)302467904 (DE-600)1491302-1 (DE-576)259483893 1873-3336 nnns volume:424 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 43.13 Umwelttoxikologie 50.17 Sicherheitstechnik 58.53 Abfallwirtschaft AR 424
spelling	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127507 doi (DE-627)ELV007037341 (ELSEVIER)S0304-3894(21)02475-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 530 DE-600 43.13 bkl 50.17 bkl 58.53 bkl Agrawal, Varsha verfasserin aut Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles 2021 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30–60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards. Red Mud X-ray Shielding tiles Hazardous waste X-ray attenuation Circular economy Paulose, Rini verfasserin aut Arya, Rahul verfasserin aut Rajak, Gaurav verfasserin aut Giri, Abhishek verfasserin aut Bijanu, Abhijit verfasserin aut Sanghi, Sunil K. verfasserin aut Mishra, Deepti verfasserin aut N, Prasanth verfasserin aut Khare, Anup Kumar verfasserin aut Parmar, Varsha verfasserin aut Khan, Mohammed Akram verfasserin aut Bhisikar, Abhay verfasserin aut Srivastava, Avanish Kumar verfasserin aut Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of hazardous materials New York, NY [u.a.] : Science Direct, 1976 424 Online-Ressource (DE-627)302467904 (DE-600)1491302-1 (DE-576)259483893 1873-3336 nnns volume:424 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 43.13 Umwelttoxikologie 50.17 Sicherheitstechnik 58.53 Abfallwirtschaft AR 424
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127507 doi (DE-627)ELV007037341 (ELSEVIER)S0304-3894(21)02475-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 530 DE-600 43.13 bkl 50.17 bkl 58.53 bkl Agrawal, Varsha verfasserin aut Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles 2021 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30–60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards. Red Mud X-ray Shielding tiles Hazardous waste X-ray attenuation Circular economy Paulose, Rini verfasserin aut Arya, Rahul verfasserin aut Rajak, Gaurav verfasserin aut Giri, Abhishek verfasserin aut Bijanu, Abhijit verfasserin aut Sanghi, Sunil K. verfasserin aut Mishra, Deepti verfasserin aut N, Prasanth verfasserin aut Khare, Anup Kumar verfasserin aut Parmar, Varsha verfasserin aut Khan, Mohammed Akram verfasserin aut Bhisikar, Abhay verfasserin aut Srivastava, Avanish Kumar verfasserin aut Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of hazardous materials New York, NY [u.a.] : Science Direct, 1976 424 Online-Ressource (DE-627)302467904 (DE-600)1491302-1 (DE-576)259483893 1873-3336 nnns volume:424 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 43.13 Umwelttoxikologie 50.17 Sicherheitstechnik 58.53 Abfallwirtschaft AR 424
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127507 doi (DE-627)ELV007037341 (ELSEVIER)S0304-3894(21)02475-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 530 DE-600 43.13 bkl 50.17 bkl 58.53 bkl Agrawal, Varsha verfasserin aut Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles 2021 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30–60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards. Red Mud X-ray Shielding tiles Hazardous waste X-ray attenuation Circular economy Paulose, Rini verfasserin aut Arya, Rahul verfasserin aut Rajak, Gaurav verfasserin aut Giri, Abhishek verfasserin aut Bijanu, Abhijit verfasserin aut Sanghi, Sunil K. verfasserin aut Mishra, Deepti verfasserin aut N, Prasanth verfasserin aut Khare, Anup Kumar verfasserin aut Parmar, Varsha verfasserin aut Khan, Mohammed Akram verfasserin aut Bhisikar, Abhay verfasserin aut Srivastava, Avanish Kumar verfasserin aut Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of hazardous materials New York, NY [u.a.] : Science Direct, 1976 424 Online-Ressource (DE-627)302467904 (DE-600)1491302-1 (DE-576)259483893 1873-3336 nnns volume:424 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 43.13 Umwelttoxikologie 50.17 Sicherheitstechnik 58.53 Abfallwirtschaft AR 424
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127507 doi (DE-627)ELV007037341 (ELSEVIER)S0304-3894(21)02475-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 530 DE-600 43.13 bkl 50.17 bkl 58.53 bkl Agrawal, Varsha verfasserin aut Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles 2021 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30–60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards. Red Mud X-ray Shielding tiles Hazardous waste X-ray attenuation Circular economy Paulose, Rini verfasserin aut Arya, Rahul verfasserin aut Rajak, Gaurav verfasserin aut Giri, Abhishek verfasserin aut Bijanu, Abhijit verfasserin aut Sanghi, Sunil K. verfasserin aut Mishra, Deepti verfasserin aut N, Prasanth verfasserin aut Khare, Anup Kumar verfasserin aut Parmar, Varsha verfasserin aut Khan, Mohammed Akram verfasserin aut Bhisikar, Abhay verfasserin aut Srivastava, Avanish Kumar verfasserin aut Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of hazardous materials New York, NY [u.a.] : Science Direct, 1976 424 Online-Ressource (DE-627)302467904 (DE-600)1491302-1 (DE-576)259483893 1873-3336 nnns volume:424 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 43.13 Umwelttoxikologie 50.17 Sicherheitstechnik 58.53 Abfallwirtschaft AR 424
language	English
source	Enthalten in Journal of hazardous materials 424 volume:424
sourceStr	Enthalten in Journal of hazardous materials 424 volume:424
format_phy_str_mv	Article
bklname	Umwelttoxikologie Sicherheitstechnik Abfallwirtschaft
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Red Mud X-ray Shielding tiles Hazardous waste X-ray attenuation Circular economy
dewey-raw	530
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Journal of hazardous materials
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Agrawal, Varsha @@aut@@ Paulose, Rini @@aut@@ Arya, Rahul @@aut@@ Rajak, Gaurav @@aut@@ Giri, Abhishek @@aut@@ Bijanu, Abhijit @@aut@@ Sanghi, Sunil K. @@aut@@ Mishra, Deepti @@aut@@ N, Prasanth @@aut@@ Khare, Anup Kumar @@aut@@ Parmar, Varsha @@aut@@ Khan, Mohammed Akram @@aut@@ Bhisikar, Abhay @@aut@@ Srivastava, Avanish Kumar @@aut@@ Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	302467904
dewey-sort	3530
id	ELV007037341
language_de	englisch
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author	Agrawal, Varsha
spellingShingle	Agrawal, Varsha ddc 530 bkl 43.13 bkl 50.17 bkl 58.53 misc Red Mud misc X-ray Shielding tiles misc Hazardous waste misc X-ray attenuation misc Circular economy Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles
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topic_title	530 DE-600 43.13 bkl 50.17 bkl 58.53 bkl Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles Red Mud X-ray Shielding tiles Hazardous waste X-ray attenuation Circular economy
topic	ddc 530 bkl 43.13 bkl 50.17 bkl 58.53 misc Red Mud misc X-ray Shielding tiles misc Hazardous waste misc X-ray attenuation misc Circular economy
topic_unstemmed	ddc 530 bkl 43.13 bkl 50.17 bkl 58.53 misc Red Mud misc X-ray Shielding tiles misc Hazardous waste misc X-ray attenuation misc Circular economy
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title	Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles
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title_full	Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles
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author_browse	Agrawal, Varsha Paulose, Rini Arya, Rahul Rajak, Gaurav Giri, Abhishek Bijanu, Abhijit Sanghi, Sunil K. Mishra, Deepti N, Prasanth Khare, Anup Kumar Parmar, Varsha Khan, Mohammed Akram Bhisikar, Abhay Srivastava, Avanish Kumar Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi
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doi_str_mv	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127507
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title_sort	green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic x-ray shielding tiles
title_auth	Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles
abstract	Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30–60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards.
abstractGer	Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30–60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards.
abstract_unstemmed	Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30–60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards.
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title_short	Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles
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author2	Paulose, Rini Arya, Rahul Rajak, Gaurav Giri, Abhishek Bijanu, Abhijit Sanghi, Sunil K. Mishra, Deepti N, Prasanth Khare, Anup Kumar Parmar, Varsha Khan, Mohammed Akram Bhisikar, Abhay Srivastava, Avanish Kumar Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi
author2Str	Paulose, Rini Arya, Rahul Rajak, Gaurav Giri, Abhishek Bijanu, Abhijit Sanghi, Sunil K. Mishra, Deepti N, Prasanth Khare, Anup Kumar Parmar, Varsha Khan, Mohammed Akram Bhisikar, Abhay Srivastava, Avanish Kumar Thankaraj Salammal, Shabi
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doi_str	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127507
up_date	2024-07-06T23:24:18.595Z
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Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles

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