Two dimensional searching paths exhibit fractal distribution that change with food availability (Normalized Difference Infrared Index, NDII)
Monitoring grazing activity and grasslands productivity has a great interest for the understanding of the feedback processes that regulate dynamic and conservation of grasslands. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of free foraging sheep and cattle (no shepherd) to understand how t...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Alados, Concepción L. [verfasserIn] Sánchez-Granero, Miguel A. [verfasserIn] Errea, Paz [verfasserIn] Castillo-García, Miguel [verfasserIn] Pueyo, Yolanda [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2022 |
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Schlagwörter: |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Ecological indicators - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 2001, 139 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:139 |
DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108940 |
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Katalog-ID: |
ELV007937911 |
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520 | |a Monitoring grazing activity and grasslands productivity has a great interest for the understanding of the feedback processes that regulate dynamic and conservation of grasslands. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of free foraging sheep and cattle (no shepherd) to understand how the two species adapt to the changes in food availability and quality in alpine and subalpine pastures during the summer. We used two vegetation indices derived from Sentinel 2 imagery (S2A) to characterize grassland: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). We hypothesized that sheep and cattle would show different spatiotemporal displacement patterns, which would also change over time with phenology of pasture. We tested this using movement data of tagged sheep and cattle with satellite GPS collars. Animals are yearly free ranging in the studied alpine and subalpine pastures since June to end of September, when they are moved to the shelters. According with optimal searching strategy we predicted that displacement distribution would approach to a random searching path when the forage is more nutritive and abundant, i.e., when livestock have just arrived to their summer pastures. As the summer advances, animals would change their searching paths to an auto-correlated random walk, because pastures lose nutritional quality and consequently food availability is smaller, also due to animal consumption in the grasslands. Our results confirmed that hypothesis and showed that average NDII, a proxy of both pasture quality and time of green-up in the summer pastures, influenced the spatiotemporal patterns during grazing activity of free ranging livestock. We provided the first demonstration of two dimension searching path exhibiting a fractal distribution that changes with the availability of food and the intrinsic characteristic of the forager species, i.e., diet selection. The use of temporal sequences of foraging animals can be useful as indicator of food availability for free ranging animals that can be included in the data recording of GPS monitored livestock. | ||
650 | 4 | |a Auto-correlated step length | |
650 | 4 | |a Foraging movements | |
650 | 4 | |a Fractal dimension | |
650 | 4 | |a Grazing monitoring | |
650 | 4 | |a Hurst exponent | |
650 | 4 | |a Lévy walks | |
650 | 4 | |a Livestock | |
650 | 4 | |a Pasture quality | |
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700 | 1 | |a Sánchez-Granero, Miguel A. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Errea, Paz |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Castillo-García, Miguel |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Pueyo, Yolanda |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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allfields |
10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108940 doi (DE-627)ELV007937911 (ELSEVIER)S1470-160X(22)00411-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 630 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Alados, Concepción L. verfasserin aut Two dimensional searching paths exhibit fractal distribution that change with food availability (Normalized Difference Infrared Index, NDII) 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Monitoring grazing activity and grasslands productivity has a great interest for the understanding of the feedback processes that regulate dynamic and conservation of grasslands. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of free foraging sheep and cattle (no shepherd) to understand how the two species adapt to the changes in food availability and quality in alpine and subalpine pastures during the summer. We used two vegetation indices derived from Sentinel 2 imagery (S2A) to characterize grassland: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). We hypothesized that sheep and cattle would show different spatiotemporal displacement patterns, which would also change over time with phenology of pasture. We tested this using movement data of tagged sheep and cattle with satellite GPS collars. Animals are yearly free ranging in the studied alpine and subalpine pastures since June to end of September, when they are moved to the shelters. According with optimal searching strategy we predicted that displacement distribution would approach to a random searching path when the forage is more nutritive and abundant, i.e., when livestock have just arrived to their summer pastures. As the summer advances, animals would change their searching paths to an auto-correlated random walk, because pastures lose nutritional quality and consequently food availability is smaller, also due to animal consumption in the grasslands. Our results confirmed that hypothesis and showed that average NDII, a proxy of both pasture quality and time of green-up in the summer pastures, influenced the spatiotemporal patterns during grazing activity of free ranging livestock. We provided the first demonstration of two dimension searching path exhibiting a fractal distribution that changes with the availability of food and the intrinsic characteristic of the forager species, i.e., diet selection. The use of temporal sequences of foraging animals can be useful as indicator of food availability for free ranging animals that can be included in the data recording of GPS monitored livestock. Auto-correlated step length Foraging movements Fractal dimension Grazing monitoring Hurst exponent Lévy walks Livestock Pasture quality Vegetation indices Sánchez-Granero, Miguel A. verfasserin aut Errea, Paz verfasserin aut Castillo-García, Miguel verfasserin aut Pueyo, Yolanda verfasserin aut Enthalten in Ecological indicators Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 2001 139 Online-Ressource (DE-627)338074163 (DE-600)2063587-4 (DE-576)259272388 1872-7034 nnns volume:139 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 139 |
spelling |
10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108940 doi (DE-627)ELV007937911 (ELSEVIER)S1470-160X(22)00411-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 630 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Alados, Concepción L. verfasserin aut Two dimensional searching paths exhibit fractal distribution that change with food availability (Normalized Difference Infrared Index, NDII) 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Monitoring grazing activity and grasslands productivity has a great interest for the understanding of the feedback processes that regulate dynamic and conservation of grasslands. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of free foraging sheep and cattle (no shepherd) to understand how the two species adapt to the changes in food availability and quality in alpine and subalpine pastures during the summer. We used two vegetation indices derived from Sentinel 2 imagery (S2A) to characterize grassland: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). We hypothesized that sheep and cattle would show different spatiotemporal displacement patterns, which would also change over time with phenology of pasture. We tested this using movement data of tagged sheep and cattle with satellite GPS collars. Animals are yearly free ranging in the studied alpine and subalpine pastures since June to end of September, when they are moved to the shelters. According with optimal searching strategy we predicted that displacement distribution would approach to a random searching path when the forage is more nutritive and abundant, i.e., when livestock have just arrived to their summer pastures. As the summer advances, animals would change their searching paths to an auto-correlated random walk, because pastures lose nutritional quality and consequently food availability is smaller, also due to animal consumption in the grasslands. Our results confirmed that hypothesis and showed that average NDII, a proxy of both pasture quality and time of green-up in the summer pastures, influenced the spatiotemporal patterns during grazing activity of free ranging livestock. We provided the first demonstration of two dimension searching path exhibiting a fractal distribution that changes with the availability of food and the intrinsic characteristic of the forager species, i.e., diet selection. The use of temporal sequences of foraging animals can be useful as indicator of food availability for free ranging animals that can be included in the data recording of GPS monitored livestock. Auto-correlated step length Foraging movements Fractal dimension Grazing monitoring Hurst exponent Lévy walks Livestock Pasture quality Vegetation indices Sánchez-Granero, Miguel A. verfasserin aut Errea, Paz verfasserin aut Castillo-García, Miguel verfasserin aut Pueyo, Yolanda verfasserin aut Enthalten in Ecological indicators Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 2001 139 Online-Ressource (DE-627)338074163 (DE-600)2063587-4 (DE-576)259272388 1872-7034 nnns volume:139 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 139 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108940 doi (DE-627)ELV007937911 (ELSEVIER)S1470-160X(22)00411-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 630 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Alados, Concepción L. verfasserin aut Two dimensional searching paths exhibit fractal distribution that change with food availability (Normalized Difference Infrared Index, NDII) 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Monitoring grazing activity and grasslands productivity has a great interest for the understanding of the feedback processes that regulate dynamic and conservation of grasslands. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of free foraging sheep and cattle (no shepherd) to understand how the two species adapt to the changes in food availability and quality in alpine and subalpine pastures during the summer. We used two vegetation indices derived from Sentinel 2 imagery (S2A) to characterize grassland: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). We hypothesized that sheep and cattle would show different spatiotemporal displacement patterns, which would also change over time with phenology of pasture. We tested this using movement data of tagged sheep and cattle with satellite GPS collars. Animals are yearly free ranging in the studied alpine and subalpine pastures since June to end of September, when they are moved to the shelters. According with optimal searching strategy we predicted that displacement distribution would approach to a random searching path when the forage is more nutritive and abundant, i.e., when livestock have just arrived to their summer pastures. As the summer advances, animals would change their searching paths to an auto-correlated random walk, because pastures lose nutritional quality and consequently food availability is smaller, also due to animal consumption in the grasslands. Our results confirmed that hypothesis and showed that average NDII, a proxy of both pasture quality and time of green-up in the summer pastures, influenced the spatiotemporal patterns during grazing activity of free ranging livestock. We provided the first demonstration of two dimension searching path exhibiting a fractal distribution that changes with the availability of food and the intrinsic characteristic of the forager species, i.e., diet selection. The use of temporal sequences of foraging animals can be useful as indicator of food availability for free ranging animals that can be included in the data recording of GPS monitored livestock. Auto-correlated step length Foraging movements Fractal dimension Grazing monitoring Hurst exponent Lévy walks Livestock Pasture quality Vegetation indices Sánchez-Granero, Miguel A. verfasserin aut Errea, Paz verfasserin aut Castillo-García, Miguel verfasserin aut Pueyo, Yolanda verfasserin aut Enthalten in Ecological indicators Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 2001 139 Online-Ressource (DE-627)338074163 (DE-600)2063587-4 (DE-576)259272388 1872-7034 nnns volume:139 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 139 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108940 doi (DE-627)ELV007937911 (ELSEVIER)S1470-160X(22)00411-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 630 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Alados, Concepción L. verfasserin aut Two dimensional searching paths exhibit fractal distribution that change with food availability (Normalized Difference Infrared Index, NDII) 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Monitoring grazing activity and grasslands productivity has a great interest for the understanding of the feedback processes that regulate dynamic and conservation of grasslands. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of free foraging sheep and cattle (no shepherd) to understand how the two species adapt to the changes in food availability and quality in alpine and subalpine pastures during the summer. We used two vegetation indices derived from Sentinel 2 imagery (S2A) to characterize grassland: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). We hypothesized that sheep and cattle would show different spatiotemporal displacement patterns, which would also change over time with phenology of pasture. We tested this using movement data of tagged sheep and cattle with satellite GPS collars. Animals are yearly free ranging in the studied alpine and subalpine pastures since June to end of September, when they are moved to the shelters. According with optimal searching strategy we predicted that displacement distribution would approach to a random searching path when the forage is more nutritive and abundant, i.e., when livestock have just arrived to their summer pastures. As the summer advances, animals would change their searching paths to an auto-correlated random walk, because pastures lose nutritional quality and consequently food availability is smaller, also due to animal consumption in the grasslands. Our results confirmed that hypothesis and showed that average NDII, a proxy of both pasture quality and time of green-up in the summer pastures, influenced the spatiotemporal patterns during grazing activity of free ranging livestock. We provided the first demonstration of two dimension searching path exhibiting a fractal distribution that changes with the availability of food and the intrinsic characteristic of the forager species, i.e., diet selection. The use of temporal sequences of foraging animals can be useful as indicator of food availability for free ranging animals that can be included in the data recording of GPS monitored livestock. Auto-correlated step length Foraging movements Fractal dimension Grazing monitoring Hurst exponent Lévy walks Livestock Pasture quality Vegetation indices Sánchez-Granero, Miguel A. verfasserin aut Errea, Paz verfasserin aut Castillo-García, Miguel verfasserin aut Pueyo, Yolanda verfasserin aut Enthalten in Ecological indicators Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 2001 139 Online-Ressource (DE-627)338074163 (DE-600)2063587-4 (DE-576)259272388 1872-7034 nnns volume:139 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 139 |
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Alados, Concepción L. |
doi_str_mv |
10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108940 |
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verfasserin |
title_sort |
two dimensional searching paths exhibit fractal distribution that change with food availability (normalized difference infrared index, ndii) |
title_auth |
Two dimensional searching paths exhibit fractal distribution that change with food availability (Normalized Difference Infrared Index, NDII) |
abstract |
Monitoring grazing activity and grasslands productivity has a great interest for the understanding of the feedback processes that regulate dynamic and conservation of grasslands. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of free foraging sheep and cattle (no shepherd) to understand how the two species adapt to the changes in food availability and quality in alpine and subalpine pastures during the summer. We used two vegetation indices derived from Sentinel 2 imagery (S2A) to characterize grassland: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). We hypothesized that sheep and cattle would show different spatiotemporal displacement patterns, which would also change over time with phenology of pasture. We tested this using movement data of tagged sheep and cattle with satellite GPS collars. Animals are yearly free ranging in the studied alpine and subalpine pastures since June to end of September, when they are moved to the shelters. According with optimal searching strategy we predicted that displacement distribution would approach to a random searching path when the forage is more nutritive and abundant, i.e., when livestock have just arrived to their summer pastures. As the summer advances, animals would change their searching paths to an auto-correlated random walk, because pastures lose nutritional quality and consequently food availability is smaller, also due to animal consumption in the grasslands. Our results confirmed that hypothesis and showed that average NDII, a proxy of both pasture quality and time of green-up in the summer pastures, influenced the spatiotemporal patterns during grazing activity of free ranging livestock. We provided the first demonstration of two dimension searching path exhibiting a fractal distribution that changes with the availability of food and the intrinsic characteristic of the forager species, i.e., diet selection. The use of temporal sequences of foraging animals can be useful as indicator of food availability for free ranging animals that can be included in the data recording of GPS monitored livestock. |
abstractGer |
Monitoring grazing activity and grasslands productivity has a great interest for the understanding of the feedback processes that regulate dynamic and conservation of grasslands. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of free foraging sheep and cattle (no shepherd) to understand how the two species adapt to the changes in food availability and quality in alpine and subalpine pastures during the summer. We used two vegetation indices derived from Sentinel 2 imagery (S2A) to characterize grassland: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). We hypothesized that sheep and cattle would show different spatiotemporal displacement patterns, which would also change over time with phenology of pasture. We tested this using movement data of tagged sheep and cattle with satellite GPS collars. Animals are yearly free ranging in the studied alpine and subalpine pastures since June to end of September, when they are moved to the shelters. According with optimal searching strategy we predicted that displacement distribution would approach to a random searching path when the forage is more nutritive and abundant, i.e., when livestock have just arrived to their summer pastures. As the summer advances, animals would change their searching paths to an auto-correlated random walk, because pastures lose nutritional quality and consequently food availability is smaller, also due to animal consumption in the grasslands. Our results confirmed that hypothesis and showed that average NDII, a proxy of both pasture quality and time of green-up in the summer pastures, influenced the spatiotemporal patterns during grazing activity of free ranging livestock. We provided the first demonstration of two dimension searching path exhibiting a fractal distribution that changes with the availability of food and the intrinsic characteristic of the forager species, i.e., diet selection. The use of temporal sequences of foraging animals can be useful as indicator of food availability for free ranging animals that can be included in the data recording of GPS monitored livestock. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Monitoring grazing activity and grasslands productivity has a great interest for the understanding of the feedback processes that regulate dynamic and conservation of grasslands. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of free foraging sheep and cattle (no shepherd) to understand how the two species adapt to the changes in food availability and quality in alpine and subalpine pastures during the summer. We used two vegetation indices derived from Sentinel 2 imagery (S2A) to characterize grassland: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). We hypothesized that sheep and cattle would show different spatiotemporal displacement patterns, which would also change over time with phenology of pasture. We tested this using movement data of tagged sheep and cattle with satellite GPS collars. Animals are yearly free ranging in the studied alpine and subalpine pastures since June to end of September, when they are moved to the shelters. According with optimal searching strategy we predicted that displacement distribution would approach to a random searching path when the forage is more nutritive and abundant, i.e., when livestock have just arrived to their summer pastures. As the summer advances, animals would change their searching paths to an auto-correlated random walk, because pastures lose nutritional quality and consequently food availability is smaller, also due to animal consumption in the grasslands. Our results confirmed that hypothesis and showed that average NDII, a proxy of both pasture quality and time of green-up in the summer pastures, influenced the spatiotemporal patterns during grazing activity of free ranging livestock. We provided the first demonstration of two dimension searching path exhibiting a fractal distribution that changes with the availability of food and the intrinsic characteristic of the forager species, i.e., diet selection. The use of temporal sequences of foraging animals can be useful as indicator of food availability for free ranging animals that can be included in the data recording of GPS monitored livestock. |
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title_short |
Two dimensional searching paths exhibit fractal distribution that change with food availability (Normalized Difference Infrared Index, NDII) |
remote_bool |
true |
author2 |
Sánchez-Granero, Miguel A. Errea, Paz Castillo-García, Miguel Pueyo, Yolanda |
author2Str |
Sánchez-Granero, Miguel A. Errea, Paz Castillo-García, Miguel Pueyo, Yolanda |
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doi_str |
10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108940 |
up_date |
2024-07-06T17:59:10.447Z |
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