A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa
Large sums of money are spent globally on invasive alien plant control projects, but their effectiveness in the medium to long term is seldom reported. Here we review the cost, extent and effectiveness of the management of plant invasions by South Africa's “Working for Water” program between 19...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
van Wilgen, Brian W. [verfasserIn] Wannenburgh, Andrew [verfasserIn] Wilson, John R.U. [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
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2022 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Biological conservation - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1968, 274 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:274 |
DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109741 |
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Katalog-ID: |
ELV008625670 |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa |
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520 | |a Large sums of money are spent globally on invasive alien plant control projects, but their effectiveness in the medium to long term is seldom reported. Here we review the cost, extent and effectiveness of the management of plant invasions by South Africa's “Working for Water” program between 1998 and 2020. We use a broad framework of indicators for assessing the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of alien plant control interventions at a national level. Our study is based on (1) spatially explicit data on efforts that targeted selected sites and species for control; (2) surveys of the extent of invasion; and (3) case studies of control effectiveness. An average of ZAR310 million (adjusted to 2020 values) was spent annually, creating the equivalent of 8113 full-time jobs, with expenditure rising rapidly between 1998 and 2003 and again between 2009 and 2015, dropping more recently. Control efforts were directed at 178 species, with 15 taxa receiving two thirds of the total expenditure. Control was conducted on ~76,000 sites covering 2.7 million ha, which is ~14 % of the estimated invaded area. Over a quarter of the control was not in priority areas for biodiversity and/or water conservation. The effectiveness of control operations has not been monitored regularly, but a few studies at local scales have found reductions in alien plant cover, and it is likely that “Working for Water” has had a role in limiting invasion. Nonetheless, national surveys suggest that plant invasions have continued to grow—the problem is too large to expect that control can be achieved everywhere. We recommend that, to bring plant invasions under control at priority sites, a national strategy should be based on conservation triage, focussing on clearly defined priority sites, improving planning and monitoring, and increasing operational efficiency. | ||
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700 | 1 | |a Wilson, John R.U. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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allfields |
10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109741 doi (DE-627)ELV008625670 (ELSEVIER)S0006-3207(22)00294-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 DE-600 BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.00 bkl van Wilgen, Brian W. verfasserin aut A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Large sums of money are spent globally on invasive alien plant control projects, but their effectiveness in the medium to long term is seldom reported. Here we review the cost, extent and effectiveness of the management of plant invasions by South Africa's “Working for Water” program between 1998 and 2020. We use a broad framework of indicators for assessing the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of alien plant control interventions at a national level. Our study is based on (1) spatially explicit data on efforts that targeted selected sites and species for control; (2) surveys of the extent of invasion; and (3) case studies of control effectiveness. An average of ZAR310 million (adjusted to 2020 values) was spent annually, creating the equivalent of 8113 full-time jobs, with expenditure rising rapidly between 1998 and 2003 and again between 2009 and 2015, dropping more recently. Control efforts were directed at 178 species, with 15 taxa receiving two thirds of the total expenditure. Control was conducted on ~76,000 sites covering 2.7 million ha, which is ~14 % of the estimated invaded area. Over a quarter of the control was not in priority areas for biodiversity and/or water conservation. The effectiveness of control operations has not been monitored regularly, but a few studies at local scales have found reductions in alien plant cover, and it is likely that “Working for Water” has had a role in limiting invasion. Nonetheless, national surveys suggest that plant invasions have continued to grow—the problem is too large to expect that control can be achieved everywhere. We recommend that, to bring plant invasions under control at priority sites, a national strategy should be based on conservation triage, focussing on clearly defined priority sites, improving planning and monitoring, and increasing operational efficiency. Biological control Biological invasions Indicators Invasive alien plants Working for Water Wannenburgh, Andrew verfasserin aut Wilson, John R.U. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Biological conservation Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1968 274 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306318415 (DE-600)1496231-7 (DE-576)081952937 0006-3207 nnns volume:274 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 42.00 Biologie: Allgemeines AR 274 |
spelling |
10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109741 doi (DE-627)ELV008625670 (ELSEVIER)S0006-3207(22)00294-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 DE-600 BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.00 bkl van Wilgen, Brian W. verfasserin aut A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Large sums of money are spent globally on invasive alien plant control projects, but their effectiveness in the medium to long term is seldom reported. Here we review the cost, extent and effectiveness of the management of plant invasions by South Africa's “Working for Water” program between 1998 and 2020. We use a broad framework of indicators for assessing the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of alien plant control interventions at a national level. Our study is based on (1) spatially explicit data on efforts that targeted selected sites and species for control; (2) surveys of the extent of invasion; and (3) case studies of control effectiveness. An average of ZAR310 million (adjusted to 2020 values) was spent annually, creating the equivalent of 8113 full-time jobs, with expenditure rising rapidly between 1998 and 2003 and again between 2009 and 2015, dropping more recently. Control efforts were directed at 178 species, with 15 taxa receiving two thirds of the total expenditure. Control was conducted on ~76,000 sites covering 2.7 million ha, which is ~14 % of the estimated invaded area. Over a quarter of the control was not in priority areas for biodiversity and/or water conservation. The effectiveness of control operations has not been monitored regularly, but a few studies at local scales have found reductions in alien plant cover, and it is likely that “Working for Water” has had a role in limiting invasion. Nonetheless, national surveys suggest that plant invasions have continued to grow—the problem is too large to expect that control can be achieved everywhere. We recommend that, to bring plant invasions under control at priority sites, a national strategy should be based on conservation triage, focussing on clearly defined priority sites, improving planning and monitoring, and increasing operational efficiency. Biological control Biological invasions Indicators Invasive alien plants Working for Water Wannenburgh, Andrew verfasserin aut Wilson, John R.U. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Biological conservation Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1968 274 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306318415 (DE-600)1496231-7 (DE-576)081952937 0006-3207 nnns volume:274 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 42.00 Biologie: Allgemeines AR 274 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109741 doi (DE-627)ELV008625670 (ELSEVIER)S0006-3207(22)00294-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 DE-600 BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.00 bkl van Wilgen, Brian W. verfasserin aut A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Large sums of money are spent globally on invasive alien plant control projects, but their effectiveness in the medium to long term is seldom reported. Here we review the cost, extent and effectiveness of the management of plant invasions by South Africa's “Working for Water” program between 1998 and 2020. We use a broad framework of indicators for assessing the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of alien plant control interventions at a national level. Our study is based on (1) spatially explicit data on efforts that targeted selected sites and species for control; (2) surveys of the extent of invasion; and (3) case studies of control effectiveness. An average of ZAR310 million (adjusted to 2020 values) was spent annually, creating the equivalent of 8113 full-time jobs, with expenditure rising rapidly between 1998 and 2003 and again between 2009 and 2015, dropping more recently. Control efforts were directed at 178 species, with 15 taxa receiving two thirds of the total expenditure. Control was conducted on ~76,000 sites covering 2.7 million ha, which is ~14 % of the estimated invaded area. Over a quarter of the control was not in priority areas for biodiversity and/or water conservation. The effectiveness of control operations has not been monitored regularly, but a few studies at local scales have found reductions in alien plant cover, and it is likely that “Working for Water” has had a role in limiting invasion. Nonetheless, national surveys suggest that plant invasions have continued to grow—the problem is too large to expect that control can be achieved everywhere. We recommend that, to bring plant invasions under control at priority sites, a national strategy should be based on conservation triage, focussing on clearly defined priority sites, improving planning and monitoring, and increasing operational efficiency. Biological control Biological invasions Indicators Invasive alien plants Working for Water Wannenburgh, Andrew verfasserin aut Wilson, John R.U. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Biological conservation Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1968 274 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306318415 (DE-600)1496231-7 (DE-576)081952937 0006-3207 nnns volume:274 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 42.00 Biologie: Allgemeines AR 274 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109741 doi (DE-627)ELV008625670 (ELSEVIER)S0006-3207(22)00294-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 DE-600 BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.00 bkl van Wilgen, Brian W. verfasserin aut A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Large sums of money are spent globally on invasive alien plant control projects, but their effectiveness in the medium to long term is seldom reported. Here we review the cost, extent and effectiveness of the management of plant invasions by South Africa's “Working for Water” program between 1998 and 2020. We use a broad framework of indicators for assessing the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of alien plant control interventions at a national level. Our study is based on (1) spatially explicit data on efforts that targeted selected sites and species for control; (2) surveys of the extent of invasion; and (3) case studies of control effectiveness. An average of ZAR310 million (adjusted to 2020 values) was spent annually, creating the equivalent of 8113 full-time jobs, with expenditure rising rapidly between 1998 and 2003 and again between 2009 and 2015, dropping more recently. Control efforts were directed at 178 species, with 15 taxa receiving two thirds of the total expenditure. Control was conducted on ~76,000 sites covering 2.7 million ha, which is ~14 % of the estimated invaded area. Over a quarter of the control was not in priority areas for biodiversity and/or water conservation. The effectiveness of control operations has not been monitored regularly, but a few studies at local scales have found reductions in alien plant cover, and it is likely that “Working for Water” has had a role in limiting invasion. Nonetheless, national surveys suggest that plant invasions have continued to grow—the problem is too large to expect that control can be achieved everywhere. We recommend that, to bring plant invasions under control at priority sites, a national strategy should be based on conservation triage, focussing on clearly defined priority sites, improving planning and monitoring, and increasing operational efficiency. Biological control Biological invasions Indicators Invasive alien plants Working for Water Wannenburgh, Andrew verfasserin aut Wilson, John R.U. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Biological conservation Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1968 274 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306318415 (DE-600)1496231-7 (DE-576)081952937 0006-3207 nnns volume:274 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 42.00 Biologie: Allgemeines AR 274 |
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10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109741 doi (DE-627)ELV008625670 (ELSEVIER)S0006-3207(22)00294-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 DE-600 BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.00 bkl van Wilgen, Brian W. verfasserin aut A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Large sums of money are spent globally on invasive alien plant control projects, but their effectiveness in the medium to long term is seldom reported. Here we review the cost, extent and effectiveness of the management of plant invasions by South Africa's “Working for Water” program between 1998 and 2020. We use a broad framework of indicators for assessing the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of alien plant control interventions at a national level. Our study is based on (1) spatially explicit data on efforts that targeted selected sites and species for control; (2) surveys of the extent of invasion; and (3) case studies of control effectiveness. An average of ZAR310 million (adjusted to 2020 values) was spent annually, creating the equivalent of 8113 full-time jobs, with expenditure rising rapidly between 1998 and 2003 and again between 2009 and 2015, dropping more recently. Control efforts were directed at 178 species, with 15 taxa receiving two thirds of the total expenditure. Control was conducted on ~76,000 sites covering 2.7 million ha, which is ~14 % of the estimated invaded area. Over a quarter of the control was not in priority areas for biodiversity and/or water conservation. The effectiveness of control operations has not been monitored regularly, but a few studies at local scales have found reductions in alien plant cover, and it is likely that “Working for Water” has had a role in limiting invasion. Nonetheless, national surveys suggest that plant invasions have continued to grow—the problem is too large to expect that control can be achieved everywhere. We recommend that, to bring plant invasions under control at priority sites, a national strategy should be based on conservation triage, focussing on clearly defined priority sites, improving planning and monitoring, and increasing operational efficiency. Biological control Biological invasions Indicators Invasive alien plants Working for Water Wannenburgh, Andrew verfasserin aut Wilson, John R.U. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Biological conservation Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1968 274 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306318415 (DE-600)1496231-7 (DE-576)081952937 0006-3207 nnns volume:274 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 42.00 Biologie: Allgemeines AR 274 |
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A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa |
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A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa |
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van Wilgen, Brian W. |
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van Wilgen, Brian W. Wannenburgh, Andrew Wilson, John R.U. |
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van Wilgen, Brian W. |
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10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109741 |
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title_sort |
a review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in south africa |
title_auth |
A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa |
abstract |
Large sums of money are spent globally on invasive alien plant control projects, but their effectiveness in the medium to long term is seldom reported. Here we review the cost, extent and effectiveness of the management of plant invasions by South Africa's “Working for Water” program between 1998 and 2020. We use a broad framework of indicators for assessing the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of alien plant control interventions at a national level. Our study is based on (1) spatially explicit data on efforts that targeted selected sites and species for control; (2) surveys of the extent of invasion; and (3) case studies of control effectiveness. An average of ZAR310 million (adjusted to 2020 values) was spent annually, creating the equivalent of 8113 full-time jobs, with expenditure rising rapidly between 1998 and 2003 and again between 2009 and 2015, dropping more recently. Control efforts were directed at 178 species, with 15 taxa receiving two thirds of the total expenditure. Control was conducted on ~76,000 sites covering 2.7 million ha, which is ~14 % of the estimated invaded area. Over a quarter of the control was not in priority areas for biodiversity and/or water conservation. The effectiveness of control operations has not been monitored regularly, but a few studies at local scales have found reductions in alien plant cover, and it is likely that “Working for Water” has had a role in limiting invasion. Nonetheless, national surveys suggest that plant invasions have continued to grow—the problem is too large to expect that control can be achieved everywhere. We recommend that, to bring plant invasions under control at priority sites, a national strategy should be based on conservation triage, focussing on clearly defined priority sites, improving planning and monitoring, and increasing operational efficiency. |
abstractGer |
Large sums of money are spent globally on invasive alien plant control projects, but their effectiveness in the medium to long term is seldom reported. Here we review the cost, extent and effectiveness of the management of plant invasions by South Africa's “Working for Water” program between 1998 and 2020. We use a broad framework of indicators for assessing the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of alien plant control interventions at a national level. Our study is based on (1) spatially explicit data on efforts that targeted selected sites and species for control; (2) surveys of the extent of invasion; and (3) case studies of control effectiveness. An average of ZAR310 million (adjusted to 2020 values) was spent annually, creating the equivalent of 8113 full-time jobs, with expenditure rising rapidly between 1998 and 2003 and again between 2009 and 2015, dropping more recently. Control efforts were directed at 178 species, with 15 taxa receiving two thirds of the total expenditure. Control was conducted on ~76,000 sites covering 2.7 million ha, which is ~14 % of the estimated invaded area. Over a quarter of the control was not in priority areas for biodiversity and/or water conservation. The effectiveness of control operations has not been monitored regularly, but a few studies at local scales have found reductions in alien plant cover, and it is likely that “Working for Water” has had a role in limiting invasion. Nonetheless, national surveys suggest that plant invasions have continued to grow—the problem is too large to expect that control can be achieved everywhere. We recommend that, to bring plant invasions under control at priority sites, a national strategy should be based on conservation triage, focussing on clearly defined priority sites, improving planning and monitoring, and increasing operational efficiency. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Large sums of money are spent globally on invasive alien plant control projects, but their effectiveness in the medium to long term is seldom reported. Here we review the cost, extent and effectiveness of the management of plant invasions by South Africa's “Working for Water” program between 1998 and 2020. We use a broad framework of indicators for assessing the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of alien plant control interventions at a national level. Our study is based on (1) spatially explicit data on efforts that targeted selected sites and species for control; (2) surveys of the extent of invasion; and (3) case studies of control effectiveness. An average of ZAR310 million (adjusted to 2020 values) was spent annually, creating the equivalent of 8113 full-time jobs, with expenditure rising rapidly between 1998 and 2003 and again between 2009 and 2015, dropping more recently. Control efforts were directed at 178 species, with 15 taxa receiving two thirds of the total expenditure. Control was conducted on ~76,000 sites covering 2.7 million ha, which is ~14 % of the estimated invaded area. Over a quarter of the control was not in priority areas for biodiversity and/or water conservation. The effectiveness of control operations has not been monitored regularly, but a few studies at local scales have found reductions in alien plant cover, and it is likely that “Working for Water” has had a role in limiting invasion. Nonetheless, national surveys suggest that plant invasions have continued to grow—the problem is too large to expect that control can be achieved everywhere. We recommend that, to bring plant invasions under control at priority sites, a national strategy should be based on conservation triage, focussing on clearly defined priority sites, improving planning and monitoring, and increasing operational efficiency. |
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title_short |
A review of two decades of government support for managing alien plant invasions in South Africa |
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