How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective

Metro lines emerged and developed in cities driven by various factors, and resulted in different structures as we see today. How do metro lines grow as a system? The spatiotemporal growing patterns of metro networks and their complex-network statistics may shed light on this question. Within the fra...
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Autor*in:	Yu, Xiaoyu [verfasserIn] Chen, Zheng [verfasserIn] Liu, Fang [verfasserIn] Zhu, Hehua [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Metro networks Growing patterns Complex network Service performance

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Tunnelling and underground space technology - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1986, 131
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:131

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.tust.2022.104841

Katalog-ID:	ELV008812519

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520			\|a Metro lines emerged and developed in cities driven by various factors, and resulted in different structures as we see today. How do metro lines grow as a system? The spatiotemporal growing patterns of metro networks and their complex-network statistics may shed light on this question. Within the framework of the complex network analysis, this paper establishes a nine-metric scheme to quantify the service performance of an urban metro network from three dimensionalities i.e., accessibility, resilience, and serviceability. Accordingly, a shamrock plot is proposed as a tool to visualize the multi-dimensional maturity of a metro network as well as its growing pattern. The metrics and the visualization tool are used to reveal metro development in 42 cities of Chinese mainland. The results show that metro networks can evolve from nascent, to skeleton, and to mature forms, with their scores increasing in all dimensionalities. The choice of urban transportation between metro-dominant and automobile-dominant results from the race between metro development and car popularity. Cities may be more likely to become metro-dominant if metro develops early at a low level of car ownership. Urban metro network may develop as a response to the city’s needs hierarchically from the most basic (e.g., accessibility) to more advanced (e.g., resilience and serviceability), similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of individual needs.
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Indexfelder

author_variant	x y xy z c zc f l fl h z hz
matchkey_str	article:18784364:2022----::oubnerntokgofoaopen
hierarchy_sort_str	2022
bklnumber	56.22
publishDate	2022
allfields	10.1016/j.tust.2022.104841 doi (DE-627)ELV008812519 (ELSEVIER)S0886-7798(22)00481-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 690 DE-600 56.22 bkl Yu, Xiaoyu verfasserin aut How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Metro lines emerged and developed in cities driven by various factors, and resulted in different structures as we see today. How do metro lines grow as a system? The spatiotemporal growing patterns of metro networks and their complex-network statistics may shed light on this question. Within the framework of the complex network analysis, this paper establishes a nine-metric scheme to quantify the service performance of an urban metro network from three dimensionalities i.e., accessibility, resilience, and serviceability. Accordingly, a shamrock plot is proposed as a tool to visualize the multi-dimensional maturity of a metro network as well as its growing pattern. The metrics and the visualization tool are used to reveal metro development in 42 cities of Chinese mainland. The results show that metro networks can evolve from nascent, to skeleton, and to mature forms, with their scores increasing in all dimensionalities. The choice of urban transportation between metro-dominant and automobile-dominant results from the race between metro development and car popularity. Cities may be more likely to become metro-dominant if metro develops early at a low level of car ownership. Urban metro network may develop as a response to the city’s needs hierarchically from the most basic (e.g., accessibility) to more advanced (e.g., resilience and serviceability), similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of individual needs. Metro networks Growing patterns Complex network Service performance Chen, Zheng verfasserin aut Liu, Fang verfasserin aut Zhu, Hehua verfasserin aut Enthalten in Tunnelling and underground space technology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1986 131 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320620808 (DE-600)2022637-8 (DE-576)259485365 1878-4364 nnns volume:131 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 56.22 Unterirdisches Bauen Tunnelbau AR 131
spelling	10.1016/j.tust.2022.104841 doi (DE-627)ELV008812519 (ELSEVIER)S0886-7798(22)00481-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 690 DE-600 56.22 bkl Yu, Xiaoyu verfasserin aut How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Metro lines emerged and developed in cities driven by various factors, and resulted in different structures as we see today. How do metro lines grow as a system? The spatiotemporal growing patterns of metro networks and their complex-network statistics may shed light on this question. Within the framework of the complex network analysis, this paper establishes a nine-metric scheme to quantify the service performance of an urban metro network from three dimensionalities i.e., accessibility, resilience, and serviceability. Accordingly, a shamrock plot is proposed as a tool to visualize the multi-dimensional maturity of a metro network as well as its growing pattern. The metrics and the visualization tool are used to reveal metro development in 42 cities of Chinese mainland. The results show that metro networks can evolve from nascent, to skeleton, and to mature forms, with their scores increasing in all dimensionalities. The choice of urban transportation between metro-dominant and automobile-dominant results from the race between metro development and car popularity. Cities may be more likely to become metro-dominant if metro develops early at a low level of car ownership. Urban metro network may develop as a response to the city’s needs hierarchically from the most basic (e.g., accessibility) to more advanced (e.g., resilience and serviceability), similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of individual needs. Metro networks Growing patterns Complex network Service performance Chen, Zheng verfasserin aut Liu, Fang verfasserin aut Zhu, Hehua verfasserin aut Enthalten in Tunnelling and underground space technology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1986 131 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320620808 (DE-600)2022637-8 (DE-576)259485365 1878-4364 nnns volume:131 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 56.22 Unterirdisches Bauen Tunnelbau AR 131
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.tust.2022.104841 doi (DE-627)ELV008812519 (ELSEVIER)S0886-7798(22)00481-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 690 DE-600 56.22 bkl Yu, Xiaoyu verfasserin aut How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Metro lines emerged and developed in cities driven by various factors, and resulted in different structures as we see today. How do metro lines grow as a system? The spatiotemporal growing patterns of metro networks and their complex-network statistics may shed light on this question. Within the framework of the complex network analysis, this paper establishes a nine-metric scheme to quantify the service performance of an urban metro network from three dimensionalities i.e., accessibility, resilience, and serviceability. Accordingly, a shamrock plot is proposed as a tool to visualize the multi-dimensional maturity of a metro network as well as its growing pattern. The metrics and the visualization tool are used to reveal metro development in 42 cities of Chinese mainland. The results show that metro networks can evolve from nascent, to skeleton, and to mature forms, with their scores increasing in all dimensionalities. The choice of urban transportation between metro-dominant and automobile-dominant results from the race between metro development and car popularity. Cities may be more likely to become metro-dominant if metro develops early at a low level of car ownership. Urban metro network may develop as a response to the city’s needs hierarchically from the most basic (e.g., accessibility) to more advanced (e.g., resilience and serviceability), similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of individual needs. Metro networks Growing patterns Complex network Service performance Chen, Zheng verfasserin aut Liu, Fang verfasserin aut Zhu, Hehua verfasserin aut Enthalten in Tunnelling and underground space technology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1986 131 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320620808 (DE-600)2022637-8 (DE-576)259485365 1878-4364 nnns volume:131 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 56.22 Unterirdisches Bauen Tunnelbau AR 131
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.tust.2022.104841 doi (DE-627)ELV008812519 (ELSEVIER)S0886-7798(22)00481-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 690 DE-600 56.22 bkl Yu, Xiaoyu verfasserin aut How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Metro lines emerged and developed in cities driven by various factors, and resulted in different structures as we see today. How do metro lines grow as a system? The spatiotemporal growing patterns of metro networks and their complex-network statistics may shed light on this question. Within the framework of the complex network analysis, this paper establishes a nine-metric scheme to quantify the service performance of an urban metro network from three dimensionalities i.e., accessibility, resilience, and serviceability. Accordingly, a shamrock plot is proposed as a tool to visualize the multi-dimensional maturity of a metro network as well as its growing pattern. The metrics and the visualization tool are used to reveal metro development in 42 cities of Chinese mainland. The results show that metro networks can evolve from nascent, to skeleton, and to mature forms, with their scores increasing in all dimensionalities. The choice of urban transportation between metro-dominant and automobile-dominant results from the race between metro development and car popularity. Cities may be more likely to become metro-dominant if metro develops early at a low level of car ownership. Urban metro network may develop as a response to the city’s needs hierarchically from the most basic (e.g., accessibility) to more advanced (e.g., resilience and serviceability), similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of individual needs. Metro networks Growing patterns Complex network Service performance Chen, Zheng verfasserin aut Liu, Fang verfasserin aut Zhu, Hehua verfasserin aut Enthalten in Tunnelling and underground space technology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1986 131 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320620808 (DE-600)2022637-8 (DE-576)259485365 1878-4364 nnns volume:131 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 56.22 Unterirdisches Bauen Tunnelbau AR 131
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.tust.2022.104841 doi (DE-627)ELV008812519 (ELSEVIER)S0886-7798(22)00481-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 690 DE-600 56.22 bkl Yu, Xiaoyu verfasserin aut How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Metro lines emerged and developed in cities driven by various factors, and resulted in different structures as we see today. How do metro lines grow as a system? The spatiotemporal growing patterns of metro networks and their complex-network statistics may shed light on this question. Within the framework of the complex network analysis, this paper establishes a nine-metric scheme to quantify the service performance of an urban metro network from three dimensionalities i.e., accessibility, resilience, and serviceability. Accordingly, a shamrock plot is proposed as a tool to visualize the multi-dimensional maturity of a metro network as well as its growing pattern. The metrics and the visualization tool are used to reveal metro development in 42 cities of Chinese mainland. The results show that metro networks can evolve from nascent, to skeleton, and to mature forms, with their scores increasing in all dimensionalities. The choice of urban transportation between metro-dominant and automobile-dominant results from the race between metro development and car popularity. Cities may be more likely to become metro-dominant if metro develops early at a low level of car ownership. Urban metro network may develop as a response to the city’s needs hierarchically from the most basic (e.g., accessibility) to more advanced (e.g., resilience and serviceability), similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of individual needs. Metro networks Growing patterns Complex network Service performance Chen, Zheng verfasserin aut Liu, Fang verfasserin aut Zhu, Hehua verfasserin aut Enthalten in Tunnelling and underground space technology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1986 131 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320620808 (DE-600)2022637-8 (DE-576)259485365 1878-4364 nnns volume:131 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 56.22 Unterirdisches Bauen Tunnelbau AR 131
language	English
source	Enthalten in Tunnelling and underground space technology 131 volume:131
sourceStr	Enthalten in Tunnelling and underground space technology 131 volume:131
format_phy_str_mv	Article
bklname	Unterirdisches Bauen Tunnelbau
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Metro networks Growing patterns Complex network Service performance
dewey-raw	690
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Tunnelling and underground space technology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Yu, Xiaoyu @@aut@@ Chen, Zheng @@aut@@ Liu, Fang @@aut@@ Zhu, Hehua @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	320620808
dewey-sort	3690
id	ELV008812519
language_de	englisch
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author	Yu, Xiaoyu
spellingShingle	Yu, Xiaoyu ddc 690 bkl 56.22 misc Metro networks misc Growing patterns misc Complex network misc Service performance How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective
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topic_title	690 DE-600 56.22 bkl How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective Metro networks Growing patterns Complex network Service performance
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title	How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective
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title_sort	how urban metro networks grow: from a complex network perspective
title_auth	How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective
abstract	Metro lines emerged and developed in cities driven by various factors, and resulted in different structures as we see today. How do metro lines grow as a system? The spatiotemporal growing patterns of metro networks and their complex-network statistics may shed light on this question. Within the framework of the complex network analysis, this paper establishes a nine-metric scheme to quantify the service performance of an urban metro network from three dimensionalities i.e., accessibility, resilience, and serviceability. Accordingly, a shamrock plot is proposed as a tool to visualize the multi-dimensional maturity of a metro network as well as its growing pattern. The metrics and the visualization tool are used to reveal metro development in 42 cities of Chinese mainland. The results show that metro networks can evolve from nascent, to skeleton, and to mature forms, with their scores increasing in all dimensionalities. The choice of urban transportation between metro-dominant and automobile-dominant results from the race between metro development and car popularity. Cities may be more likely to become metro-dominant if metro develops early at a low level of car ownership. Urban metro network may develop as a response to the city’s needs hierarchically from the most basic (e.g., accessibility) to more advanced (e.g., resilience and serviceability), similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of individual needs.
abstractGer	Metro lines emerged and developed in cities driven by various factors, and resulted in different structures as we see today. How do metro lines grow as a system? The spatiotemporal growing patterns of metro networks and their complex-network statistics may shed light on this question. Within the framework of the complex network analysis, this paper establishes a nine-metric scheme to quantify the service performance of an urban metro network from three dimensionalities i.e., accessibility, resilience, and serviceability. Accordingly, a shamrock plot is proposed as a tool to visualize the multi-dimensional maturity of a metro network as well as its growing pattern. The metrics and the visualization tool are used to reveal metro development in 42 cities of Chinese mainland. The results show that metro networks can evolve from nascent, to skeleton, and to mature forms, with their scores increasing in all dimensionalities. The choice of urban transportation between metro-dominant and automobile-dominant results from the race between metro development and car popularity. Cities may be more likely to become metro-dominant if metro develops early at a low level of car ownership. Urban metro network may develop as a response to the city’s needs hierarchically from the most basic (e.g., accessibility) to more advanced (e.g., resilience and serviceability), similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of individual needs.
abstract_unstemmed	Metro lines emerged and developed in cities driven by various factors, and resulted in different structures as we see today. How do metro lines grow as a system? The spatiotemporal growing patterns of metro networks and their complex-network statistics may shed light on this question. Within the framework of the complex network analysis, this paper establishes a nine-metric scheme to quantify the service performance of an urban metro network from three dimensionalities i.e., accessibility, resilience, and serviceability. Accordingly, a shamrock plot is proposed as a tool to visualize the multi-dimensional maturity of a metro network as well as its growing pattern. The metrics and the visualization tool are used to reveal metro development in 42 cities of Chinese mainland. The results show that metro networks can evolve from nascent, to skeleton, and to mature forms, with their scores increasing in all dimensionalities. The choice of urban transportation between metro-dominant and automobile-dominant results from the race between metro development and car popularity. Cities may be more likely to become metro-dominant if metro develops early at a low level of car ownership. Urban metro network may develop as a response to the city’s needs hierarchically from the most basic (e.g., accessibility) to more advanced (e.g., resilience and serviceability), similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of individual needs.
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title_short	How urban metro networks grow: From a complex network perspective
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doi_str	10.1016/j.tust.2022.104841
up_date	2024-07-06T20:59:20.275Z
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