Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis

Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Giordano, Nicolas [verfasserIn] Sadras, Victor O. [verfasserIn] Lollato, Romulo P. [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Anthesis N Foliar N N rate Temperature Photothermal quotient Post-anthesis N uptake Bread-making quality

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Field crops research - Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1978, 290
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:290

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108740

Katalog-ID:	ELV008889996

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100	1		\|a Giordano, Nicolas \|e verfasserin \|0 (orcid)0000-0003-0159-4958 \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis
264		1	\|c 2022
336			\|a nicht spezifiziert \|b zzz \|2 rdacontent
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520			\|a Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research.
650		4	\|a Anthesis N
650		4	\|a Foliar N
650		4	\|a N rate
650		4	\|a Temperature
650		4	\|a Photothermal quotient
650		4	\|a Post-anthesis N uptake
650		4	\|a Bread-making quality
700	1		\|a Sadras, Victor O. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Lollato, Romulo P. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Field crops research \|d Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1978 \|g 290 \|h Online-Ressource \|w (DE-627)32050316X \|w (DE-600)2012484-3 \|w (DE-576)090954912 \|x 1872-6852 \|7 nnns
773	1	8	\|g volume:290
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936	b	k	\|a 48.00 \|j Land- und Forstwirtschaft: Allgemeines
951			\|a AR
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allfields	10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108740 doi (DE-627)ELV008889996 (ELSEVIER)S0378-4290(22)00311-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 630 640 DE-600 48.00 bkl Giordano, Nicolas verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0159-4958 aut Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research. Anthesis N Foliar N N rate Temperature Photothermal quotient Post-anthesis N uptake Bread-making quality Sadras, Victor O. verfasserin aut Lollato, Romulo P. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Field crops research Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1978 290 Online-Ressource (DE-627)32050316X (DE-600)2012484-3 (DE-576)090954912 1872-6852 nnns volume:290 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 48.00 Land- und Forstwirtschaft: Allgemeines AR 290
spelling	10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108740 doi (DE-627)ELV008889996 (ELSEVIER)S0378-4290(22)00311-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 630 640 DE-600 48.00 bkl Giordano, Nicolas verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0159-4958 aut Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research. Anthesis N Foliar N N rate Temperature Photothermal quotient Post-anthesis N uptake Bread-making quality Sadras, Victor O. verfasserin aut Lollato, Romulo P. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Field crops research Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1978 290 Online-Ressource (DE-627)32050316X (DE-600)2012484-3 (DE-576)090954912 1872-6852 nnns volume:290 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 48.00 Land- und Forstwirtschaft: Allgemeines AR 290
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108740 doi (DE-627)ELV008889996 (ELSEVIER)S0378-4290(22)00311-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 630 640 DE-600 48.00 bkl Giordano, Nicolas verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0159-4958 aut Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research. Anthesis N Foliar N N rate Temperature Photothermal quotient Post-anthesis N uptake Bread-making quality Sadras, Victor O. verfasserin aut Lollato, Romulo P. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Field crops research Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1978 290 Online-Ressource (DE-627)32050316X (DE-600)2012484-3 (DE-576)090954912 1872-6852 nnns volume:290 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 48.00 Land- und Forstwirtschaft: Allgemeines AR 290
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108740 doi (DE-627)ELV008889996 (ELSEVIER)S0378-4290(22)00311-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 630 640 DE-600 48.00 bkl Giordano, Nicolas verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0159-4958 aut Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research. Anthesis N Foliar N N rate Temperature Photothermal quotient Post-anthesis N uptake Bread-making quality Sadras, Victor O. verfasserin aut Lollato, Romulo P. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Field crops research Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1978 290 Online-Ressource (DE-627)32050316X (DE-600)2012484-3 (DE-576)090954912 1872-6852 nnns volume:290 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 48.00 Land- und Forstwirtschaft: Allgemeines AR 290
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108740 doi (DE-627)ELV008889996 (ELSEVIER)S0378-4290(22)00311-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 630 640 DE-600 48.00 bkl Giordano, Nicolas verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0159-4958 aut Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research. Anthesis N Foliar N N rate Temperature Photothermal quotient Post-anthesis N uptake Bread-making quality Sadras, Victor O. verfasserin aut Lollato, Romulo P. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Field crops research Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1978 290 Online-Ressource (DE-627)32050316X (DE-600)2012484-3 (DE-576)090954912 1872-6852 nnns volume:290 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 48.00 Land- und Forstwirtschaft: Allgemeines AR 290
language	English
source	Enthalten in Field crops research 290 volume:290
sourceStr	Enthalten in Field crops research 290 volume:290
format_phy_str_mv	Article
bklname	Land- und Forstwirtschaft: Allgemeines
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Anthesis N Foliar N N rate Temperature Photothermal quotient Post-anthesis N uptake Bread-making quality
dewey-raw	630
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Field crops research
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Giordano, Nicolas @@aut@@ Sadras, Victor O. @@aut@@ Lollato, Romulo P. @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	32050316X
dewey-sort	3630
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language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV008889996</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230524160904.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230509s2022 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108740</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV008889996</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0378-4290(22)00311-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">630</subfield><subfield code="a">640</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-600</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">48.00</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Giordano, Nicolas</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0003-0159-4958</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. 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author	Giordano, Nicolas
spellingShingle	Giordano, Nicolas ddc 630 bkl 48.00 misc Anthesis N misc Foliar N misc N rate misc Temperature misc Photothermal quotient misc Post-anthesis N uptake misc Bread-making quality Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis
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topic_title	630 640 DE-600 48.00 bkl Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis Anthesis N Foliar N N rate Temperature Photothermal quotient Post-anthesis N uptake Bread-making quality
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title	Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis
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title_full	Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis
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author_browse	Giordano, Nicolas Sadras, Victor O. Lollato, Romulo P.
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title_sort	late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. a global meta-analysis
title_auth	Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis
abstract	Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research.
abstractGer	Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research.
abstract_unstemmed	Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research.
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title_short	Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis
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author2	Sadras, Victor O. Lollato, Romulo P.
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doi_str	10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108740
up_date	2024-07-06T21:15:28.116Z
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fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV008889996</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230524160904.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230509s2022 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108740</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV008889996</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0378-4290(22)00311-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">630</subfield><subfield code="a">640</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-600</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">48.00</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Giordano, Nicolas</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0003-0159-4958</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Context: Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments.Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37) on grain yield and GPC; and to assess the variation in these responses with (ii) N fertiliser management, (iii) environmental factors, and (iv) physiological traits.Methods: We searched ‘Agronomy Journal’, ‘Crop Science’, ‘European Journal of Agronomy’, and ‘Field Crops Research’ for articles published between 1980 and 2021 that allowed for a direct comparison of wheat yield and GPC between N application after GS 37 to an otherwise equally managed crop that received basal N fertilisation. We also collected other traits such as stover biomass and N uptake at plant maturity, and dough rheological properties, when available. The search resulted in 38 articles that, in addition to one unpublished trial from our group, evaluated 542 pairwise comparisons in 127 environments.Results: Across studies, grain yield ranged from 1.15 to 10.63 Mg ha−1 and showed a negative relation with GPC, which ranged from 65 to 189 g kg−1. Late-season N fertilisation was consistently neutral for grain yield (I2, proportion of the overall variance due to variation in real effects rather than chance, 26.2 %) and increased GPC with a pooled estimate of 3.96 %. The response of GPC was heterogeneous (I2 = 84 %), suggesting the need for exploration of potential moderators of the response. Meta-regression suggested that increasing the proportion of late N relative to the total available N positively associated to increases in GPC, and the residuals of this analysis suggested that later applications increased GPC response, with no effect of N fertiliser source or placement. Environments with low temperature, high photothermal quotient, and long duration of the critical period associated with greater GPC response to late-season N applications. The relative response of GPC to late fertilisation correlated with the relative response of both stover N uptake and nitrogen concentration in stover at maturity, but not with stover biomass at maturity. Alveogram index and dough extensibility increased when late-season N increased GPC.Conclusions: Enhancing GPC through late N applications should consider associations between management, environmental, and physiological factors.Implications: Future research should focus on forecasting GPC response to late N, based on GPC response drivers identified in the current research.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Anthesis N</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Foliar N</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">N rate</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Temperature</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Photothermal quotient</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Post-anthesis N uptake</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " 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Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis

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