Grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion
Direct kinetic solvers enable high-fidelity simulation of multiscale plasmas in a number of applications including space physics and propulsion, materials processing, astrophysics, and nuclear fusion. While they eliminate the statistical noise associated with particle-in-cell methods, they are assoc...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Chan, Wai Hong Ronald [verfasserIn] Boyd, Iain D. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of computational physics - Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1961, 475 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:475 |
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111861 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
ELV00908990X |
|---|
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| 100 | 1 | |a Chan, Wai Hong Ronald |e verfasserin |0 (orcid)0000-0002-3525-6319 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2022 | |
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| 520 | |a Direct kinetic solvers enable high-fidelity simulation of multiscale plasmas in a number of applications including space physics and propulsion, materials processing, astrophysics, and nuclear fusion. While they eliminate the statistical noise associated with particle-in-cell methods, they are associated with higher dimensionalities. Thus, a detailed understanding of grid-point requirements is required to design efficient meshes so that direct kinetic solvers can be feasibly employed in general settings without compromising on predictivity. The grid-point requirements of a direct kinetic solver employing the Vlasov-Poisson-BGK equations are characterized using an electrostatic and weakly collisional plasma plume expansion model problem, which is unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous with significant deviations from equilibrium. It is demonstrated that at least two to four points per the appropriate Debye length and thermal velocity are necessary to resolve macroscopic density gradients and thus the lowest-order macroscopic quantities, with more stringent requirements for higher-order quantities. Local charge separation and the distribution function itself require at least an additional order of magnitude in resolution for comparable accuracy, as they require the resolution of gradients in the distribution function. Collisions impede plume expansion and introduce secondary flow and field structures, but do not significantly relax the grid requirements despite their smoothing action in velocity space. While specific numerical requirements necessarily depend on the solver, plasma configuration, and collision model, trends in the variation of the elucidated grid-point requirements with the quantity of interest and plasma collisionality can be generalizable across problems with comparable physics. Knowledge of similarly derived trends can contribute to efficient direct kinetic simulation of unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous plasmas of a variety of configurations and collisionalities. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Plasma simulation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Vlasov solver | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Direct kinetic simulation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plasma plume expansion | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grid-point requirements | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Weakly collisional plasmas | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Boyd, Iain D. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Journal of computational physics |d Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1961 |g 475 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)266892485 |w (DE-600)1469164-4 |w (DE-576)104193824 |x 1090-2716 |7 nnns |
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| 936 | b | k | |a 33.06 |j Mathematische Methoden der Physik |
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2022 |
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10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111861 doi (DE-627)ELV00908990X (ELSEVIER)S0021-9991(22)00924-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 530 510 000 DE-600 33.06 bkl Chan, Wai Hong Ronald verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-3525-6319 aut Grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Direct kinetic solvers enable high-fidelity simulation of multiscale plasmas in a number of applications including space physics and propulsion, materials processing, astrophysics, and nuclear fusion. While they eliminate the statistical noise associated with particle-in-cell methods, they are associated with higher dimensionalities. Thus, a detailed understanding of grid-point requirements is required to design efficient meshes so that direct kinetic solvers can be feasibly employed in general settings without compromising on predictivity. The grid-point requirements of a direct kinetic solver employing the Vlasov-Poisson-BGK equations are characterized using an electrostatic and weakly collisional plasma plume expansion model problem, which is unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous with significant deviations from equilibrium. It is demonstrated that at least two to four points per the appropriate Debye length and thermal velocity are necessary to resolve macroscopic density gradients and thus the lowest-order macroscopic quantities, with more stringent requirements for higher-order quantities. Local charge separation and the distribution function itself require at least an additional order of magnitude in resolution for comparable accuracy, as they require the resolution of gradients in the distribution function. Collisions impede plume expansion and introduce secondary flow and field structures, but do not significantly relax the grid requirements despite their smoothing action in velocity space. While specific numerical requirements necessarily depend on the solver, plasma configuration, and collision model, trends in the variation of the elucidated grid-point requirements with the quantity of interest and plasma collisionality can be generalizable across problems with comparable physics. Knowledge of similarly derived trends can contribute to efficient direct kinetic simulation of unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous plasmas of a variety of configurations and collisionalities. Plasma simulation Vlasov solver Direct kinetic simulation Plasma plume expansion Grid-point requirements Weakly collisional plasmas Boyd, Iain D. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of computational physics Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1961 475 Online-Ressource (DE-627)266892485 (DE-600)1469164-4 (DE-576)104193824 1090-2716 nnns volume:475 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-MAT GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 33.06 Mathematische Methoden der Physik AR 475 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111861 doi (DE-627)ELV00908990X (ELSEVIER)S0021-9991(22)00924-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 530 510 000 DE-600 33.06 bkl Chan, Wai Hong Ronald verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-3525-6319 aut Grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Direct kinetic solvers enable high-fidelity simulation of multiscale plasmas in a number of applications including space physics and propulsion, materials processing, astrophysics, and nuclear fusion. While they eliminate the statistical noise associated with particle-in-cell methods, they are associated with higher dimensionalities. Thus, a detailed understanding of grid-point requirements is required to design efficient meshes so that direct kinetic solvers can be feasibly employed in general settings without compromising on predictivity. The grid-point requirements of a direct kinetic solver employing the Vlasov-Poisson-BGK equations are characterized using an electrostatic and weakly collisional plasma plume expansion model problem, which is unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous with significant deviations from equilibrium. It is demonstrated that at least two to four points per the appropriate Debye length and thermal velocity are necessary to resolve macroscopic density gradients and thus the lowest-order macroscopic quantities, with more stringent requirements for higher-order quantities. Local charge separation and the distribution function itself require at least an additional order of magnitude in resolution for comparable accuracy, as they require the resolution of gradients in the distribution function. Collisions impede plume expansion and introduce secondary flow and field structures, but do not significantly relax the grid requirements despite their smoothing action in velocity space. While specific numerical requirements necessarily depend on the solver, plasma configuration, and collision model, trends in the variation of the elucidated grid-point requirements with the quantity of interest and plasma collisionality can be generalizable across problems with comparable physics. Knowledge of similarly derived trends can contribute to efficient direct kinetic simulation of unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous plasmas of a variety of configurations and collisionalities. Plasma simulation Vlasov solver Direct kinetic simulation Plasma plume expansion Grid-point requirements Weakly collisional plasmas Boyd, Iain D. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of computational physics Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1961 475 Online-Ressource (DE-627)266892485 (DE-600)1469164-4 (DE-576)104193824 1090-2716 nnns volume:475 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-MAT GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 33.06 Mathematische Methoden der Physik AR 475 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111861 doi (DE-627)ELV00908990X (ELSEVIER)S0021-9991(22)00924-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 530 510 000 DE-600 33.06 bkl Chan, Wai Hong Ronald verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-3525-6319 aut Grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Direct kinetic solvers enable high-fidelity simulation of multiscale plasmas in a number of applications including space physics and propulsion, materials processing, astrophysics, and nuclear fusion. While they eliminate the statistical noise associated with particle-in-cell methods, they are associated with higher dimensionalities. Thus, a detailed understanding of grid-point requirements is required to design efficient meshes so that direct kinetic solvers can be feasibly employed in general settings without compromising on predictivity. The grid-point requirements of a direct kinetic solver employing the Vlasov-Poisson-BGK equations are characterized using an electrostatic and weakly collisional plasma plume expansion model problem, which is unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous with significant deviations from equilibrium. It is demonstrated that at least two to four points per the appropriate Debye length and thermal velocity are necessary to resolve macroscopic density gradients and thus the lowest-order macroscopic quantities, with more stringent requirements for higher-order quantities. Local charge separation and the distribution function itself require at least an additional order of magnitude in resolution for comparable accuracy, as they require the resolution of gradients in the distribution function. Collisions impede plume expansion and introduce secondary flow and field structures, but do not significantly relax the grid requirements despite their smoothing action in velocity space. While specific numerical requirements necessarily depend on the solver, plasma configuration, and collision model, trends in the variation of the elucidated grid-point requirements with the quantity of interest and plasma collisionality can be generalizable across problems with comparable physics. Knowledge of similarly derived trends can contribute to efficient direct kinetic simulation of unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous plasmas of a variety of configurations and collisionalities. Plasma simulation Vlasov solver Direct kinetic simulation Plasma plume expansion Grid-point requirements Weakly collisional plasmas Boyd, Iain D. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of computational physics Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1961 475 Online-Ressource (DE-627)266892485 (DE-600)1469164-4 (DE-576)104193824 1090-2716 nnns volume:475 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-MAT GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 33.06 Mathematische Methoden der Physik AR 475 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111861 doi (DE-627)ELV00908990X (ELSEVIER)S0021-9991(22)00924-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 530 510 000 DE-600 33.06 bkl Chan, Wai Hong Ronald verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-3525-6319 aut Grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Direct kinetic solvers enable high-fidelity simulation of multiscale plasmas in a number of applications including space physics and propulsion, materials processing, astrophysics, and nuclear fusion. While they eliminate the statistical noise associated with particle-in-cell methods, they are associated with higher dimensionalities. Thus, a detailed understanding of grid-point requirements is required to design efficient meshes so that direct kinetic solvers can be feasibly employed in general settings without compromising on predictivity. The grid-point requirements of a direct kinetic solver employing the Vlasov-Poisson-BGK equations are characterized using an electrostatic and weakly collisional plasma plume expansion model problem, which is unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous with significant deviations from equilibrium. It is demonstrated that at least two to four points per the appropriate Debye length and thermal velocity are necessary to resolve macroscopic density gradients and thus the lowest-order macroscopic quantities, with more stringent requirements for higher-order quantities. Local charge separation and the distribution function itself require at least an additional order of magnitude in resolution for comparable accuracy, as they require the resolution of gradients in the distribution function. Collisions impede plume expansion and introduce secondary flow and field structures, but do not significantly relax the grid requirements despite their smoothing action in velocity space. While specific numerical requirements necessarily depend on the solver, plasma configuration, and collision model, trends in the variation of the elucidated grid-point requirements with the quantity of interest and plasma collisionality can be generalizable across problems with comparable physics. Knowledge of similarly derived trends can contribute to efficient direct kinetic simulation of unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous plasmas of a variety of configurations and collisionalities. Plasma simulation Vlasov solver Direct kinetic simulation Plasma plume expansion Grid-point requirements Weakly collisional plasmas Boyd, Iain D. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of computational physics Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1961 475 Online-Ressource (DE-627)266892485 (DE-600)1469164-4 (DE-576)104193824 1090-2716 nnns volume:475 GBV_USEFLAG_U SYSFLAG_U GBV_ELV SSG-OPC-MAT GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 33.06 Mathematische Methoden der Physik AR 475 |
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Grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion |
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Grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion |
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Chan, Wai Hong Ronald |
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Journal of computational physics |
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Journal of computational physics |
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Chan, Wai Hong Ronald Boyd, Iain D. |
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Elektronische Aufsätze |
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Chan, Wai Hong Ronald |
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10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111861 |
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(ORCID)0000-0002-3525-6319 |
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| title_sort |
grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion |
| title_auth |
Grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion |
| abstract |
Direct kinetic solvers enable high-fidelity simulation of multiscale plasmas in a number of applications including space physics and propulsion, materials processing, astrophysics, and nuclear fusion. While they eliminate the statistical noise associated with particle-in-cell methods, they are associated with higher dimensionalities. Thus, a detailed understanding of grid-point requirements is required to design efficient meshes so that direct kinetic solvers can be feasibly employed in general settings without compromising on predictivity. The grid-point requirements of a direct kinetic solver employing the Vlasov-Poisson-BGK equations are characterized using an electrostatic and weakly collisional plasma plume expansion model problem, which is unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous with significant deviations from equilibrium. It is demonstrated that at least two to four points per the appropriate Debye length and thermal velocity are necessary to resolve macroscopic density gradients and thus the lowest-order macroscopic quantities, with more stringent requirements for higher-order quantities. Local charge separation and the distribution function itself require at least an additional order of magnitude in resolution for comparable accuracy, as they require the resolution of gradients in the distribution function. Collisions impede plume expansion and introduce secondary flow and field structures, but do not significantly relax the grid requirements despite their smoothing action in velocity space. While specific numerical requirements necessarily depend on the solver, plasma configuration, and collision model, trends in the variation of the elucidated grid-point requirements with the quantity of interest and plasma collisionality can be generalizable across problems with comparable physics. Knowledge of similarly derived trends can contribute to efficient direct kinetic simulation of unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous plasmas of a variety of configurations and collisionalities. |
| abstractGer |
Direct kinetic solvers enable high-fidelity simulation of multiscale plasmas in a number of applications including space physics and propulsion, materials processing, astrophysics, and nuclear fusion. While they eliminate the statistical noise associated with particle-in-cell methods, they are associated with higher dimensionalities. Thus, a detailed understanding of grid-point requirements is required to design efficient meshes so that direct kinetic solvers can be feasibly employed in general settings without compromising on predictivity. The grid-point requirements of a direct kinetic solver employing the Vlasov-Poisson-BGK equations are characterized using an electrostatic and weakly collisional plasma plume expansion model problem, which is unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous with significant deviations from equilibrium. It is demonstrated that at least two to four points per the appropriate Debye length and thermal velocity are necessary to resolve macroscopic density gradients and thus the lowest-order macroscopic quantities, with more stringent requirements for higher-order quantities. Local charge separation and the distribution function itself require at least an additional order of magnitude in resolution for comparable accuracy, as they require the resolution of gradients in the distribution function. Collisions impede plume expansion and introduce secondary flow and field structures, but do not significantly relax the grid requirements despite their smoothing action in velocity space. While specific numerical requirements necessarily depend on the solver, plasma configuration, and collision model, trends in the variation of the elucidated grid-point requirements with the quantity of interest and plasma collisionality can be generalizable across problems with comparable physics. Knowledge of similarly derived trends can contribute to efficient direct kinetic simulation of unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous plasmas of a variety of configurations and collisionalities. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Direct kinetic solvers enable high-fidelity simulation of multiscale plasmas in a number of applications including space physics and propulsion, materials processing, astrophysics, and nuclear fusion. While they eliminate the statistical noise associated with particle-in-cell methods, they are associated with higher dimensionalities. Thus, a detailed understanding of grid-point requirements is required to design efficient meshes so that direct kinetic solvers can be feasibly employed in general settings without compromising on predictivity. The grid-point requirements of a direct kinetic solver employing the Vlasov-Poisson-BGK equations are characterized using an electrostatic and weakly collisional plasma plume expansion model problem, which is unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous with significant deviations from equilibrium. It is demonstrated that at least two to four points per the appropriate Debye length and thermal velocity are necessary to resolve macroscopic density gradients and thus the lowest-order macroscopic quantities, with more stringent requirements for higher-order quantities. Local charge separation and the distribution function itself require at least an additional order of magnitude in resolution for comparable accuracy, as they require the resolution of gradients in the distribution function. Collisions impede plume expansion and introduce secondary flow and field structures, but do not significantly relax the grid requirements despite their smoothing action in velocity space. While specific numerical requirements necessarily depend on the solver, plasma configuration, and collision model, trends in the variation of the elucidated grid-point requirements with the quantity of interest and plasma collisionality can be generalizable across problems with comparable physics. Knowledge of similarly derived trends can contribute to efficient direct kinetic simulation of unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous plasmas of a variety of configurations and collisionalities. |
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| title_short |
Grid-point requirements for direct kinetic simulation of weakly collisional plasma plume expansion |
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