Internal migration and urbanization in China: Impacts on population exposure to household air pollution (2000–2010)
Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to clea...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Aunan, Kristin [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2014transfer abstract |
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| Umfang: |
10 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: SPG-56 from Sweet potato Zhongshu-1 delayed growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice by modulating gut microbiota - Wang, Meimei ELSEVIER, 2018, an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:481 ; year:2014 ; day:15 ; month:05 ; pages:186-195 ; extent:10 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 |
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| 520 | |a Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. | ||
| 520 | |a Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. | ||
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 doi GBVA2014023000008.pica (DE-627)ELV012687251 (ELSEVIER)S0048-9697(14)00247-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 610 333.7 DE-600 610 DE-600 630 640 610 VZ Aunan, Kristin verfasserin aut Internal migration and urbanization in China: Impacts on population exposure to household air pollution (2000–2010) 2014transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. Wang, Shuxiao oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Wang, Meimei ELSEVIER SPG-56 from Sweet potato Zhongshu-1 delayed growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice by modulating gut microbiota 2018 an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV001360035 volume:481 year:2014 day:15 month:05 pages:186-195 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 481 2014 15 0515 186-195 10 045F 333.7 |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 doi GBVA2014023000008.pica (DE-627)ELV012687251 (ELSEVIER)S0048-9697(14)00247-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 610 333.7 DE-600 610 DE-600 630 640 610 VZ Aunan, Kristin verfasserin aut Internal migration and urbanization in China: Impacts on population exposure to household air pollution (2000–2010) 2014transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. Wang, Shuxiao oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Wang, Meimei ELSEVIER SPG-56 from Sweet potato Zhongshu-1 delayed growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice by modulating gut microbiota 2018 an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV001360035 volume:481 year:2014 day:15 month:05 pages:186-195 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 481 2014 15 0515 186-195 10 045F 333.7 |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 doi GBVA2014023000008.pica (DE-627)ELV012687251 (ELSEVIER)S0048-9697(14)00247-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 610 333.7 DE-600 610 DE-600 630 640 610 VZ Aunan, Kristin verfasserin aut Internal migration and urbanization in China: Impacts on population exposure to household air pollution (2000–2010) 2014transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. Wang, Shuxiao oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Wang, Meimei ELSEVIER SPG-56 from Sweet potato Zhongshu-1 delayed growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice by modulating gut microbiota 2018 an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV001360035 volume:481 year:2014 day:15 month:05 pages:186-195 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 481 2014 15 0515 186-195 10 045F 333.7 |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 doi GBVA2014023000008.pica (DE-627)ELV012687251 (ELSEVIER)S0048-9697(14)00247-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 610 333.7 DE-600 610 DE-600 630 640 610 VZ Aunan, Kristin verfasserin aut Internal migration and urbanization in China: Impacts on population exposure to household air pollution (2000–2010) 2014transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. Wang, Shuxiao oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Wang, Meimei ELSEVIER SPG-56 from Sweet potato Zhongshu-1 delayed growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice by modulating gut microbiota 2018 an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV001360035 volume:481 year:2014 day:15 month:05 pages:186-195 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 481 2014 15 0515 186-195 10 045F 333.7 |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 doi GBVA2014023000008.pica (DE-627)ELV012687251 (ELSEVIER)S0048-9697(14)00247-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 610 333.7 DE-600 610 DE-600 630 640 610 VZ Aunan, Kristin verfasserin aut Internal migration and urbanization in China: Impacts on population exposure to household air pollution (2000–2010) 2014transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. Wang, Shuxiao oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Wang, Meimei ELSEVIER SPG-56 from Sweet potato Zhongshu-1 delayed growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice by modulating gut microbiota 2018 an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV001360035 volume:481 year:2014 day:15 month:05 pages:186-195 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 481 2014 15 0515 186-195 10 045F 333.7 |
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internal migration and urbanization in china: impacts on population exposure to household air pollution (2000–2010) |
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Internal migration and urbanization in China: Impacts on population exposure to household air pollution (2000–2010) |
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Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. |
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Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. |
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Exposure to fine particles ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from incomplete combustion of solid fuels in household stoves, denoted household air pollution (HAP), is a major contributor to ill health in China and globally. Chinese households are, however, undergoing a massive transition to cleaner household fuels. The objective of the present study is to establish the importance of internal migration when it comes to the changing household fuel use pattern and the associated exposure to PM2.5 for the period 2000 to 2010. We also estimate health benefits of the fuel transition in terms of avoided premature deaths. Using China Census data on population, migration, and household fuel use for 2000 and 2010 we identify the size, place of residence, and main cooking fuel of sub-populations in 2000 and 2010, respectively. We combine these data with estimated exposure levels for the sub-populations and estimate changes in population exposure over the decade. We find that the population weighted exposure (PWE) for the Chinese population as a whole was reduced by 52 (36–70) μg/m3 PM2.5 over the decade, and that about 60% of the reduction can be linked to internal migration. During the same period the migrant population, in total 261million people, was subject to a reduced population weighted exposure (ΔPWE) of 123 (87–165) μg/m3 PM2.5. The corresponding figure for non-migrants is 34 (23–47) μg/m3. The largest ΔPWE was estimated for rural-to-urban migrants (138million people), 214 (154–283) μg/m3. The estimated annual health benefit associated with the reduced exposure in the total population is 31 (26–37) billion USD, corresponding to 0.4% of the Chinese GDP. |
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