Evaluation of a high protein distiller's dried grains product as a protein source in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole w...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
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Qiu, Xuan [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Englisch |
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2017transfer abstract |
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10 |
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Enthalten in: MODULATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION REGULATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS - Tong, Liqi ELSEVIER, 2019, an international journal devoted to research on the exploration, improvement and management of all aquatic food resources, both floristic and faunistic, from freshwater, brackish and marine environment, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:480 ; year:2017 ; day:1 ; month:11 ; pages:1-10 ; extent:10 |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 |
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ELV014748215 |
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520 | |a A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). | ||
520 | |a A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). | ||
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700 | 1 | |a Davis, D. Allen |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 doi GBV00000000000253A.pica (DE-627)ELV014748215 (ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(17)31240-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 570 DE-600 550 DE-600 610 VZ 44.68 bkl Qiu, Xuan verfasserin aut Evaluation of a high protein distiller's dried grains product as a protein source in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 2017transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). Tian, Hongyan oth Davis, D. Allen oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Tong, Liqi ELSEVIER MODULATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION REGULATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS 2019 an international journal devoted to research on the exploration, improvement and management of all aquatic food resources, both floristic and faunistic, from freshwater, brackish and marine environment Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003008401 volume:480 year:2017 day:1 month:11 pages:1-10 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 44.68 Gerontologie Geriatrie VZ AR 480 2017 1 1101 1-10 10 045F 570 |
spelling |
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 doi GBV00000000000253A.pica (DE-627)ELV014748215 (ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(17)31240-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 570 DE-600 550 DE-600 610 VZ 44.68 bkl Qiu, Xuan verfasserin aut Evaluation of a high protein distiller's dried grains product as a protein source in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 2017transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). Tian, Hongyan oth Davis, D. Allen oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Tong, Liqi ELSEVIER MODULATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION REGULATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS 2019 an international journal devoted to research on the exploration, improvement and management of all aquatic food resources, both floristic and faunistic, from freshwater, brackish and marine environment Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003008401 volume:480 year:2017 day:1 month:11 pages:1-10 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 44.68 Gerontologie Geriatrie VZ AR 480 2017 1 1101 1-10 10 045F 570 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 doi GBV00000000000253A.pica (DE-627)ELV014748215 (ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(17)31240-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 570 DE-600 550 DE-600 610 VZ 44.68 bkl Qiu, Xuan verfasserin aut Evaluation of a high protein distiller's dried grains product as a protein source in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 2017transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). Tian, Hongyan oth Davis, D. Allen oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Tong, Liqi ELSEVIER MODULATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION REGULATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS 2019 an international journal devoted to research on the exploration, improvement and management of all aquatic food resources, both floristic and faunistic, from freshwater, brackish and marine environment Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003008401 volume:480 year:2017 day:1 month:11 pages:1-10 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 44.68 Gerontologie Geriatrie VZ AR 480 2017 1 1101 1-10 10 045F 570 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 doi GBV00000000000253A.pica (DE-627)ELV014748215 (ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(17)31240-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 570 DE-600 550 DE-600 610 VZ 44.68 bkl Qiu, Xuan verfasserin aut Evaluation of a high protein distiller's dried grains product as a protein source in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 2017transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). Tian, Hongyan oth Davis, D. Allen oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Tong, Liqi ELSEVIER MODULATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION REGULATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS 2019 an international journal devoted to research on the exploration, improvement and management of all aquatic food resources, both floristic and faunistic, from freshwater, brackish and marine environment Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003008401 volume:480 year:2017 day:1 month:11 pages:1-10 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 44.68 Gerontologie Geriatrie VZ AR 480 2017 1 1101 1-10 10 045F 570 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 doi GBV00000000000253A.pica (DE-627)ELV014748215 (ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(17)31240-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 570 DE-600 550 DE-600 610 VZ 44.68 bkl Qiu, Xuan verfasserin aut Evaluation of a high protein distiller's dried grains product as a protein source in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 2017transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). Tian, Hongyan oth Davis, D. Allen oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Tong, Liqi ELSEVIER MODULATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION REGULATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS 2019 an international journal devoted to research on the exploration, improvement and management of all aquatic food resources, both floristic and faunistic, from freshwater, brackish and marine environment Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003008401 volume:480 year:2017 day:1 month:11 pages:1-10 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 44.68 Gerontologie Geriatrie VZ AR 480 2017 1 1101 1-10 10 045F 570 |
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Enthalten in MODULATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION REGULATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS Amsterdam [u.a.] volume:480 year:2017 day:1 month:11 pages:1-10 extent:10 |
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Evaluation of a high protein distiller's dried grains product as a protein source in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei |
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A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). |
abstractGer |
A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). |
abstract_unstemmed |
A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet). |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV014748215</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230625113933.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">180602s2017 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="028" ind1="5" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">GBV00000000000253A.pica</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV014748215</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(17)31240-1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">570</subfield><subfield code="a">550</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">570</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-600</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">550</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-600</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">610</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">44.68</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Qiu, Xuan</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Evaluation of a high protein distiller's dried grains product as a protein source in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2017transfer abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">z</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zu</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet).</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">A series of trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a high protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) product in practical shrimp feed formulation. In the three growth trials, the basal diet (35% crude protein, 8% lipid) consisted primarily of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), whole wheat, and corn starch. In trial 1 and trial 2, test diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 10, 20, and 30% HPDDG as a replacement for SBM or a combination of FM and SBM, respectively. In trial 1, shrimp (0.18 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=5) were offered diets for six weeks. No significant differences were detected in the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, shrimp (1.24 initial mean weight, 30 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over seven weeks. Significant reductions in growth and FCR were observed when shrimp were fed with diets containing >20% HPDDG. To explore the upper inclusion limit of this product a third trial was conducted for which the basal diet was modified to contain 6, 12, 18, and 24% HPDDG. Shrimp (0.25 initial mean weight, 10 shrimp/tank, n=4) were offered diets over six weeks. Significant reduced growth and increased FCR as well as enhanced iron and copper contents of whole body were detected in treatment containing 24% HPDDG. Apparent net sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, and zinc retention were also significantly affected by different HPDDG inclusions levels. Apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein, and amino acid (AA) for the meal were determined using chromic oxide as an inert marker and the 70:30 replacement technique. Generally, nutrients availability of HPDDG were similar to that of FM, while significantly lower than SBM that were evaluated at the same time. Result of this study indicate that HPDDG is a good plant based ingredient and can be included up to 30% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth of shrimp. When HPDDG was utilized to replace a combination of SBM and FM, an upper limit of 18% of the diet should be recommended in shrimp feed formulation. The growth depression observed at high levels of inclusion is not likely due to digestibility but a limitation of some nutrients (e.g. marginal amino acids). Palatability shifts or unidentified factors could also be factors influencing the negative effects at high levels (≥18% of the diet).</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tian, Hongyan</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Davis, D. Allen</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="n">Elsevier Science</subfield><subfield code="a">Tong, Liqi ELSEVIER</subfield><subfield code="t">MODULATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION REGULATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS</subfield><subfield code="d">2019</subfield><subfield code="d">an international journal devoted to research on the exploration, improvement and management of all aquatic food resources, both floristic and faunistic, from freshwater, brackish and marine environment</subfield><subfield code="g">Amsterdam [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)ELV003008401</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:480</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2017</subfield><subfield code="g">day:1</subfield><subfield code="g">month:11</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:1-10</subfield><subfield code="g">extent:10</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.038</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ELV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="b" ind2="k"><subfield code="a">44.68</subfield><subfield code="j">Gerontologie</subfield><subfield code="j">Geriatrie</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">480</subfield><subfield code="j">2017</subfield><subfield code="b">1</subfield><subfield code="c">1101</subfield><subfield code="h">1-10</subfield><subfield code="g">10</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="953" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">045F</subfield><subfield code="a">570</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
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