Effect of drying method on the specific surface area of hydrated lime: A statistical approach
Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodi...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Romagnoli, Marcello [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
E-Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2013transfer abstract |
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| Umfang: |
7 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Role of sulfur in combating arsenic stress through upregulation of important proteins, and - Amna, Syeda ELSEVIER, 2020, an international journal on the science and technology of wet and dry particulate systems, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:246 ; year:2013 ; pages:504-510 ; extent:7 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 |
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ELV017170605 |
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| 520 | |a Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. | ||
| 520 | |a Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Gualtieri, Magdalena Lassinantti |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hanuskova, Miriam |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rattazzi, Andrea |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Polidoro, Costantino |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 doi GBVA2013023000001.pica (DE-627)ELV017170605 (ELSEVIER)S0032-5910(13)00415-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 660 660 DE-600 630 640 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.00 bkl Romagnoli, Marcello verfasserin aut Effect of drying method on the specific surface area of hydrated lime: A statistical approach 2013transfer abstract 7 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. Gualtieri, Magdalena Lassinantti oth Hanuskova, Miriam oth Rattazzi, Andrea oth Polidoro, Costantino oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Amna, Syeda ELSEVIER Role of sulfur in combating arsenic stress through upregulation of important proteins, and 2020 an international journal on the science and technology of wet and dry particulate systems Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV005093252 volume:246 year:2013 pages:504-510 extent:7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV 42.00 Biologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 246 2013 504-510 7 045F 660 |
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10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 doi GBVA2013023000001.pica (DE-627)ELV017170605 (ELSEVIER)S0032-5910(13)00415-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 660 660 DE-600 630 640 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.00 bkl Romagnoli, Marcello verfasserin aut Effect of drying method on the specific surface area of hydrated lime: A statistical approach 2013transfer abstract 7 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. Gualtieri, Magdalena Lassinantti oth Hanuskova, Miriam oth Rattazzi, Andrea oth Polidoro, Costantino oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Amna, Syeda ELSEVIER Role of sulfur in combating arsenic stress through upregulation of important proteins, and 2020 an international journal on the science and technology of wet and dry particulate systems Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV005093252 volume:246 year:2013 pages:504-510 extent:7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV 42.00 Biologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 246 2013 504-510 7 045F 660 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 doi GBVA2013023000001.pica (DE-627)ELV017170605 (ELSEVIER)S0032-5910(13)00415-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 660 660 DE-600 630 640 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.00 bkl Romagnoli, Marcello verfasserin aut Effect of drying method on the specific surface area of hydrated lime: A statistical approach 2013transfer abstract 7 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. Gualtieri, Magdalena Lassinantti oth Hanuskova, Miriam oth Rattazzi, Andrea oth Polidoro, Costantino oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Amna, Syeda ELSEVIER Role of sulfur in combating arsenic stress through upregulation of important proteins, and 2020 an international journal on the science and technology of wet and dry particulate systems Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV005093252 volume:246 year:2013 pages:504-510 extent:7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV 42.00 Biologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 246 2013 504-510 7 045F 660 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 doi GBVA2013023000001.pica (DE-627)ELV017170605 (ELSEVIER)S0032-5910(13)00415-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 660 660 DE-600 630 640 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.00 bkl Romagnoli, Marcello verfasserin aut Effect of drying method on the specific surface area of hydrated lime: A statistical approach 2013transfer abstract 7 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. Gualtieri, Magdalena Lassinantti oth Hanuskova, Miriam oth Rattazzi, Andrea oth Polidoro, Costantino oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Amna, Syeda ELSEVIER Role of sulfur in combating arsenic stress through upregulation of important proteins, and 2020 an international journal on the science and technology of wet and dry particulate systems Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV005093252 volume:246 year:2013 pages:504-510 extent:7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV 42.00 Biologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 246 2013 504-510 7 045F 660 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 doi GBVA2013023000001.pica (DE-627)ELV017170605 (ELSEVIER)S0032-5910(13)00415-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 660 660 DE-600 630 640 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.00 bkl Romagnoli, Marcello verfasserin aut Effect of drying method on the specific surface area of hydrated lime: A statistical approach 2013transfer abstract 7 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. Gualtieri, Magdalena Lassinantti oth Hanuskova, Miriam oth Rattazzi, Andrea oth Polidoro, Costantino oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Amna, Syeda ELSEVIER Role of sulfur in combating arsenic stress through upregulation of important proteins, and 2020 an international journal on the science and technology of wet and dry particulate systems Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV005093252 volume:246 year:2013 pages:504-510 extent:7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.009 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV 42.00 Biologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 246 2013 504-510 7 045F 660 |
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effect of drying method on the specific surface area of hydrated lime: a statistical approach |
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Effect of drying method on the specific surface area of hydrated lime: A statistical approach |
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Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. |
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Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. |
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Lime putty is a traditional binder, experiencing a new advent in the preservation of historical buildings. Recently it was shown that lime putty microstructure evolves with ageing time, generally resulting in a continuous quality improvement, but possibly also passing a minima/maxima. Hence, periodical quality checks during ageing are needed to optimize quality and avoid excessive storage. The specific surface area (SSA) of lime putty is a potentially valuable parameter for quality control as it influences the workability and setting of lime mortars. Gas adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) theory is a popular method for its determination, requiring a dry powder. Generally, freeze-drying is used for powder preparation as this method is assumed to diminish particle aggregation. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of powder preparation method on BET SSA has previously been reported. In addition, reproducibility evaluations of such methods are also lacking. This work was aimed to fulfil these gaps, using both calcitic and dolomitic lime putties. Freeze-drying was compared to heat-induced drying (105°C) under air as well as at low pressure. In addition, sample microstructure was evaluated using X-ray Powder Diffraction data and Rietveld refinements as well as Electron Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM). It was statistically proven that freeze-drying, compared to the other dehydration methods, resulted in a 20–35% higher BET SSA for calcitic lime putties consisting mainly of nanoparticles. Instead, BET SSA of a dolomitic lime putty containing micrometre-sized hexagonal platelet crystals was not influenced by drying method. No statistically significant difference in phase composition was found between the samples dried by the different methods, excluding carbonation of the hydroxides as influencing factor. Finally, high reproducibility of BET specific surface area was obtained regardless of drying method which is an important characteristic of a standard test method for quality control. |
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