Carbon leakage in a fragmented climate regime: The dynamic response of global energy markets
As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Arroyo-Currás, Tabaré [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
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2015transfer abstract |
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Umfang: |
12 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Regulation of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in plants: from transporters to signaling network - Tang, Ren-Jie ELSEVIER, 2017, an international journal, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:90 ; year:2015 ; pages:192-203 ; extent:12 |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 |
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Katalog-ID: |
ELV018137172 |
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520 | |a As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. | ||
520 | |a As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. | ||
700 | 1 | |a Bauer, Nico |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Kriegler, Elmar |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Schwanitz, Valeria Jana |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Luderer, Gunnar |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Aboumahboub, Tino |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Giannousakis, Anastasis |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Hilaire, Jérôme |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 doi GBVA2015001000003.pica (DE-627)ELV018137172 (ELSEVIER)S0040-1625(13)00260-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 300 600 300 DE-600 600 DE-600 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Arroyo-Currás, Tabaré verfasserin aut Carbon leakage in a fragmented climate regime: The dynamic response of global energy markets 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. Bauer, Nico oth Kriegler, Elmar oth Schwanitz, Valeria Jana oth Luderer, Gunnar oth Aboumahboub, Tino oth Giannousakis, Anastasis oth Hilaire, Jérôme oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Tang, Ren-Jie ELSEVIER Regulation of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in plants: from transporters to signaling network 2017 an international journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003060551 volume:90 year:2015 pages:192-203 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA AR 90 2015 192-203 12 045F 300 |
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10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 doi GBVA2015001000003.pica (DE-627)ELV018137172 (ELSEVIER)S0040-1625(13)00260-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 300 600 300 DE-600 600 DE-600 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Arroyo-Currás, Tabaré verfasserin aut Carbon leakage in a fragmented climate regime: The dynamic response of global energy markets 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. Bauer, Nico oth Kriegler, Elmar oth Schwanitz, Valeria Jana oth Luderer, Gunnar oth Aboumahboub, Tino oth Giannousakis, Anastasis oth Hilaire, Jérôme oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Tang, Ren-Jie ELSEVIER Regulation of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in plants: from transporters to signaling network 2017 an international journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003060551 volume:90 year:2015 pages:192-203 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA AR 90 2015 192-203 12 045F 300 |
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10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 doi GBVA2015001000003.pica (DE-627)ELV018137172 (ELSEVIER)S0040-1625(13)00260-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 300 600 300 DE-600 600 DE-600 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Arroyo-Currás, Tabaré verfasserin aut Carbon leakage in a fragmented climate regime: The dynamic response of global energy markets 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. Bauer, Nico oth Kriegler, Elmar oth Schwanitz, Valeria Jana oth Luderer, Gunnar oth Aboumahboub, Tino oth Giannousakis, Anastasis oth Hilaire, Jérôme oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Tang, Ren-Jie ELSEVIER Regulation of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in plants: from transporters to signaling network 2017 an international journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003060551 volume:90 year:2015 pages:192-203 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA AR 90 2015 192-203 12 045F 300 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 doi GBVA2015001000003.pica (DE-627)ELV018137172 (ELSEVIER)S0040-1625(13)00260-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 300 600 300 DE-600 600 DE-600 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Arroyo-Currás, Tabaré verfasserin aut Carbon leakage in a fragmented climate regime: The dynamic response of global energy markets 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. Bauer, Nico oth Kriegler, Elmar oth Schwanitz, Valeria Jana oth Luderer, Gunnar oth Aboumahboub, Tino oth Giannousakis, Anastasis oth Hilaire, Jérôme oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Tang, Ren-Jie ELSEVIER Regulation of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in plants: from transporters to signaling network 2017 an international journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003060551 volume:90 year:2015 pages:192-203 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA AR 90 2015 192-203 12 045F 300 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 doi GBVA2015001000003.pica (DE-627)ELV018137172 (ELSEVIER)S0040-1625(13)00260-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 300 600 300 DE-600 600 DE-600 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Arroyo-Currás, Tabaré verfasserin aut Carbon leakage in a fragmented climate regime: The dynamic response of global energy markets 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. Bauer, Nico oth Kriegler, Elmar oth Schwanitz, Valeria Jana oth Luderer, Gunnar oth Aboumahboub, Tino oth Giannousakis, Anastasis oth Hilaire, Jérôme oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Tang, Ren-Jie ELSEVIER Regulation of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in plants: from transporters to signaling network 2017 an international journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003060551 volume:90 year:2015 pages:192-203 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.002 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA AR 90 2015 192-203 12 045F 300 |
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Enthalten in Regulation of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in plants: from transporters to signaling network Amsterdam [u.a.] volume:90 year:2015 pages:192-203 extent:12 |
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Regulation of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in plants: from transporters to signaling network |
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Arroyo-Currás, Tabaré @@aut@@ Bauer, Nico @@oth@@ Kriegler, Elmar @@oth@@ Schwanitz, Valeria Jana @@oth@@ Luderer, Gunnar @@oth@@ Aboumahboub, Tino @@oth@@ Giannousakis, Anastasis @@oth@@ Hilaire, Jérôme @@oth@@ |
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Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. 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carbon leakage in a fragmented climate regime: the dynamic response of global energy markets |
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Carbon leakage in a fragmented climate regime: The dynamic response of global energy markets |
abstract |
As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. |
abstractGer |
As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. |
abstract_unstemmed |
As a global climate agreement has not yet been achieved, a variety of national climate policy agendas are being pursued in different parts of the world. Regionally fragmented climate policy regimes are prone to carbon leakage between regions, which has given rise to concerns about the environmental effectiveness of this approach. This study investigates carbon leakage through energy markets and the resulting macro-economic effects by exploring the sensitivity of leakage to the size and composition of pioneering regions that adopt ambitious climate action early on. The study uses the multi-regional energy–economy–climate model REMIND 1.5 to analyze the implications of Europe, China and the United States taking unilateral or joint early action. We find that carbon leakage is the combined effect of fossil fuel and capital market re-allocation. Leakage is limited to 15% of the emission reductions in the pioneering regions, and depends on the size and composition of the pioneering coalition and the decarbonization strategy in the energy sector. There is an incentive to delay action to avoid near-term costs, but the immediate GDP losses after acceding to a global climate regime can be higher in the case of delayed action compared to early action. We conclude that carbon leakage is not a strong counter-argument against early action by pioneers to induce other regions to adopt more stringent mitigation. |
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Carbon leakage in a fragmented climate regime: The dynamic response of global energy markets |
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Bauer, Nico Kriegler, Elmar Schwanitz, Valeria Jana Luderer, Gunnar Aboumahboub, Tino Giannousakis, Anastasis Hilaire, Jérôme |
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